ID FADS3_HUMAN Reviewed; 445 AA. AC Q9Y5Q0; O60426; DT 02-OCT-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-NOV-1999, sequence version 1. DT 24-JAN-2024, entry version 162. DE RecName: Full=Fatty acid desaturase 3 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8K1P9}; DE Short=FADS3 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:31862735, ECO:0000303|PubMed:31916624, ECO:0000303|PubMed:37209771}; DE EC=1.14.19.- {ECO:0000269|PubMed:31862735, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31916624, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37209771}; DE AltName: Full=Delta(13) fatty acid desaturase {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8K1P9}; DE Short=Delta(13) desaturase {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8K1P9}; GN Name=FADS3 {ECO:0000303|PubMed:19752397, ECO:0000312|HGNC:HGNC:3576}; GN Synonyms=CYB5RP; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RX PubMed=10860662; DOI=10.1006/geno.2000.6196; RA Marquardt A., Stoehr H., White K., Weber B.H.; RT "cDNA cloning, genomic structure, and chromosomal localization of three RT members of the human fatty acid desaturase family."; RL Genomics 66:175-183(2000). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RA Li W., Metzker M.L., Caskey C.T., Petrukhin K.; RT "Human retina-specific delta 6 fatty acid desaturase."; RL Submitted (MAR-1999) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=16554811; DOI=10.1038/nature04632; RA Taylor T.D., Noguchi H., Totoki Y., Toyoda A., Kuroki Y., Dewar K., RA Lloyd C., Itoh T., Takeda T., Kim D.-W., She X., Barlow K.F., Bloom T., RA Bruford E., Chang J.L., Cuomo C.A., Eichler E., FitzGerald M.G., RA Jaffe D.B., LaButti K., Nicol R., Park H.-S., Seaman C., Sougnez C., RA Yang X., Zimmer A.R., Zody M.C., Birren B.W., Nusbaum C., Fujiyama A., RA Hattori M., Rogers J., Lander E.S., Sakaki Y.; RT "Human chromosome 11 DNA sequence and analysis including novel gene RT identification."; RL Nature 440:497-500(2006). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Muscle; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [5] RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY. RX PubMed=19752397; DOI=10.1194/jlr.m000588; RA Pedrono F., Blanchard H., Kloareg M., D'andrea S., Daval S., Rioux V., RA Legrand P.; RT "The fatty acid desaturase 3 gene encodes for different FADS3 protein RT isoforms in mammalian tissues."; RL J. Lipid Res. 51:472-479(2010). RN [6] RP FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, AND SUBCELLULAR LOCATION. RX PubMed=31916624; DOI=10.1096/fj.201902645r; RA Jojima K., Edagawa M., Sawai M., Ohno Y., Kihara A.; RT "Biosynthesis of the anti-lipid-microdomain sphingoid base 4,14- RT sphingadiene by the ceramide desaturase FADS3."; RL FASEB J. 34:3318-3335(2020). RN [7] RP FUNCTION, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY. RX PubMed=31862735; DOI=10.1074/jbc.ac119.011883; RA Karsai G., Lone M., Kutalik Z., Brenna J.T., Li H., Pan D., RA von Eckardstein A., Hornemann T.; RT "FADS3 is a Delta14Z sphingoid base desaturase that contributes to gender RT differences in the human plasma sphingolipidome."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 295:1889-1897(2020). RN [8] RP FUNCTION, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY. RX PubMed=37209771; DOI=10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159335; RA Jojima K., Kihara A.; RT "Metabolism of sphingadiene and characterization of the sphingadiene- RT producing enzyme FADS3."; RL Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1868:159335-159335(2023). CC -!- FUNCTION: Mammals have different sphingoid bases that differ in their CC length and/or pattern of desaturation and hydroxyl groups. The CC predominant sphingoid base that comprises mammalian ceramides is CC sphing-4-enine (sphingosine or SPH) which has a trans (E) desaturation CC at carbon 4 (PubMed:31916624, PubMed:31862735). FADS3 is a desaturase CC that introduces a cis (Z) double bond between carbon 14 and carbon 15 CC of the sphingoid base (also known as long chain base, LCB), producing CC LCBs such as sphinga-4,14-dienine (SPD, d18:2(4E,14Z)) from SPH CC (PubMed:31916624, PubMed:31862735, PubMed:37209771). Prefers SPH- CC containing ceramides (N-acylsphing-4-enines) as substrates CC (PubMed:31916624, PubMed:31862735, PubMed:37209771). Capable of CC metabolizing also the SPH in its free form (PubMed:31862735). SPD CC ceramides occur widely in mammalian tissues and cells CC (PubMed:31916624). Due to their unusual structure containing a cis CC double bond, SPD ceramides may have an opposite, negative role in lipid CC microdomain formation relative to conventional ceramides CC (PubMed:31916624). Could be involved in the detoxification of 1-deoxy CC sphingolipids, by desaturating the cytotoxic 1-deoxysphinganine (1- CC deoxySA, m18:0), produced under pathological conditions, to 1- CC deoxysphingenine (1-deoxysphingosine, 1-deoxySO, m18:1) (Probable). CC Although prefers SPH-containing ceramides (N-acylsphing-4-enines) as CC substrates, it also exhibits activity toward dihydrosphingosine- CC containing CERs (N-acylsphinganines) and produces 14Z-SPH-containing CC sphingolipids,which can be found in patients with DEGS1 mutations CC (PubMed:37209771). Its desaturase mechanism involves an electron CC transfer facilitated by cytochrome b5 (PubMed:37209771). FADS3 also CC acts as a methyl-end fatty acyl coenzyme A (CoA) desaturase that CC introduces a cis double bond between the preexisting double bond and CC the terminal methyl group of the fatty acyl chain (By similarity). CC Desaturates (11E)-octadecenoate (trans-vaccenoate, the predominant CC trans fatty acid in human milk) at carbon 13 to generate (11E,13Z)- CC octadecadienoate (also known as conjugated linoleic acid 11E,13Z-CLA) CC (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8K1P9, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:31862735, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31916624, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:37209771, ECO:0000305|PubMed:31862735}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=an N-acylsphing-4-enine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H(+) + CC O2 = an N-acyl-sphinga-4E,14Z-dienine + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 CC H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:63928, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10438, Rhea:RHEA- CC COMP:10439, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:29033, ChEBI:CHEBI:29034, ChEBI:CHEBI:52639, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:139573; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:31862735, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:31916624, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37209771}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:63929; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:31862735, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31916624, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:37209771}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H(+) + N-(hexanoyl)sphing-4-enine CC + O2 = 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O + N-hexanoyl-sphinga-4E,14Z- CC dienine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:63940, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10438, Rhea:RHEA- CC COMP:10439, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:29033, ChEBI:CHEBI:29034, ChEBI:CHEBI:63867, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:149631; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:31916624, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:37209771}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:63941; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:31916624, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37209771}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H(+) + O2 + sphing-4-enine = 2 CC Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O + sphinga-4E,14Z-dienine; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:76483, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10438, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10439, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:29033, ChEBI:CHEBI:29034, ChEBI:CHEBI:57756, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:83568; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:31862735}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:76484; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:31862735}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=(11E)-octadecenoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H(+) + CC O2 = (11E,13Z)-octadecadienoyl-CoA + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 CC H2O; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:46056, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10438, Rhea:RHEA- CC COMP:10439, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:29033, ChEBI:CHEBI:29034, ChEBI:CHEBI:74296, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:85650; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8K1P9}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:46057; CC Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8K1P9}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H(+) + N-acyl-1-deoxysphinganine CC + O2 = 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O + N-acyl-1-deoxysphing-14Z- CC enine; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:76487, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10438, Rhea:RHEA- CC COMP:10439, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:29033, ChEBI:CHEBI:29034, ChEBI:CHEBI:67111, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:195246; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:31862735}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:76488; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:31862735}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=an N-acylsphinganine + 2 Fe(II)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H(+) + O2 CC = an N-acylsphing-14Z-enine + 2 Fe(III)-[cytochrome b5] + 2 H2O; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:76563, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10438, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10439, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:15379, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:29033, ChEBI:CHEBI:29034, ChEBI:CHEBI:31488, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:195278; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:37209771}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:76564; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:37209771}; CC -!- PATHWAY: Lipid metabolism; sphingolipid metabolism. CC {ECO:0000305|PubMed:31862735, ECO:0000305|PubMed:31916624, CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:37209771}. CC -!- PATHWAY: Lipid metabolism; polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q8K1P9}. CC -!- INTERACTION: CC Q9Y5Q0; Q8N5I4: DHRSX; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-17548630, EBI-3923585; CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Endoplasmic reticulum membrane CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:31916624}; Multi-pass membrane protein CC {ECO:0000255}. CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Highly expressed in various organs and tissues CC including liver, kidney, brain, lung, pancreas, testis, ovary and CC skeletal muscle (at protein level). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19752397}. CC -!- DOMAIN: The protein sequence includes a number of characteristic CC features of microsomal fatty acid desaturases including the three CC histidine boxes (these domains may contain the active site and/or be CC involved in metal ion binding), and the N-terminal cytochrome b5 domain CC containing the heme-binding motif, HPGG, similar to that of other fatty CC acid desaturases. {ECO:0000303|PubMed:10860662}. CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: A 28 kDa isoform is expressed in lung, kidney, pancreas CC and ovary (at protein level). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19752397}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the fatty acid desaturase type 1 family. CC {ECO:0000305|PubMed:37209771}. CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION: CC Sequence=AAC23396.1; Type=Erroneous gene model prediction; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; AF084560; AAG23122.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AF134404; AAD31282.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AC004770; AAC23396.1; ALT_SEQ; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AP006260; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC004901; AAH04901.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS8013.1; -. DR RefSeq; NP_068373.1; NM_021727.4. DR AlphaFoldDB; Q9Y5Q0; -. DR SMR; Q9Y5Q0; -. DR BioGRID; 110182; 48. DR IntAct; Q9Y5Q0; 19. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000278829; -. DR SwissLipids; SLP:000000278; -. DR iPTMnet; Q9Y5Q0; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q9Y5Q0; -. DR BioMuta; FADS3; -. DR DMDM; 74762790; -. DR EPD; Q9Y5Q0; -. DR jPOST; Q9Y5Q0; -. DR MassIVE; Q9Y5Q0; -. DR MaxQB; Q9Y5Q0; -. DR PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000278829; -. DR PeptideAtlas; Q9Y5Q0; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 86470; -. DR Pumba; Q9Y5Q0; -. DR Antibodypedia; 28347; 172 antibodies from 22 providers. DR DNASU; 3995; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000278829.7; ENSP00000278829.2; ENSG00000221968.9. DR GeneID; 3995; -. DR KEGG; hsa:3995; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000278829.7; ENSP00000278829.2; NM_021727.5; NP_068373.1. DR UCSC; uc001nsm.5; human. DR AGR; HGNC:3576; -. DR CTD; 3995; -. DR DisGeNET; 3995; -. DR GeneCards; FADS3; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:3576; FADS3. DR HPA; ENSG00000221968; Low tissue specificity. DR MIM; 606150; gene. DR neXtProt; NX_Q9Y5Q0; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000221968; -. DR PharmGKB; PA27975; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000221968; -. DR eggNOG; KOG4232; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00950000182990; -. DR InParanoid; Q9Y5Q0; -. DR OMA; WMHEAGH; -. DR OrthoDB; 294339at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; Q9Y5Q0; -. DR TreeFam; TF313604; -. DR BRENDA; 1.14.19.30; 2681. DR PathwayCommons; Q9Y5Q0; -. DR SignaLink; Q9Y5Q0; -. DR SIGNOR; Q9Y5Q0; -. DR UniPathway; UPA00222; -. DR UniPathway; UPA00658; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 3995; 11 hits in 1156 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; FADS3; human. DR GenomeRNAi; 3995; -. DR Pharos; Q9Y5Q0; Tbio. DR PRO; PR:Q9Y5Q0; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 11. DR RNAct; Q9Y5Q0; Protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000221968; Expressed in tibial nerve and 215 other cell types or tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; Q9Y5Q0; baseline and differential. DR Genevisible; Q9Y5Q0; HS. DR GO; GO:0005789; C:endoplasmic reticulum membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell. DR GO; GO:0016020; C:membrane; NAS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0016717; F:oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with oxidation of a pair of donors resulting in the reduction of molecular oxygen to two molecules of water; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0006629; P:lipid metabolic process; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0006665; P:sphingolipid metabolic process; IEA:UniProtKB-UniPathway. DR GO; GO:0006636; P:unsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic process; NAS:UniProtKB. DR CDD; cd03506; Delta6-FADS-like; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.10.120.10; Cytochrome b5-like heme/steroid binding domain; 1. DR InterPro; IPR001199; Cyt_B5-like_heme/steroid-bd. DR InterPro; IPR036400; Cyt_B5-like_heme/steroid_sf. DR InterPro; IPR005804; FA_desaturase_dom. DR InterPro; IPR012171; Fatty_acid_desaturase. DR PANTHER; PTHR19353; FATTY ACID DESATURASE 2; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR19353:SF11; FATTY ACID DESATURASE 3; 1. DR Pfam; PF00173; Cyt-b5; 1. DR Pfam; PF00487; FA_desaturase; 1. DR PIRSF; PIRSF015921; FA_sphinglp_des; 1. DR SMART; SM01117; Cyt-b5; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF55856; Cytochrome b5-like heme/steroid binding domain; 1. DR PROSITE; PS50255; CYTOCHROME_B5_2; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Electron transport; Endoplasmic reticulum; Fatty acid biosynthesis; KW Fatty acid metabolism; Lipid biosynthesis; Lipid metabolism; Membrane; KW Oxidoreductase; Reference proteome; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix; KW Transport. FT CHAIN 1..445 FT /note="Fatty acid desaturase 3" FT /id="PRO_0000307108" FT TOPO_DOM 1..133 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT TRANSMEM 134..154 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 155..159 FT /note="Lumenal" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT TRANSMEM 160..180 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 181..263 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT TRANSMEM 264..284 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 285..306 FT /note="Lumenal" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT TRANSMEM 307..327 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 328..445 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT DOMAIN 20..97 FT /note="Cytochrome b5 heme-binding" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00279" FT REGION 1..21 FT /note="Disordered" FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite" FT MOTIF 182..186 FT /note="Histidine box-1" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:10860662" FT MOTIF 219..223 FT /note="Histidine box-2" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:10860662" FT MOTIF 383..387 FT /note="Histidine box-3" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:10860662" FT VARIANT 192 FT /note="K -> N (in dbSNP:rs35479241)" FT /id="VAR_035341" FT VARIANT 216 FT /note="N -> K (in dbSNP:rs34511441)" FT /id="VAR_035342" SQ SEQUENCE 445 AA; 51145 MW; 7840EF6BE055111D CRC64; MGGVGEPGPR EGPAQPGAPL PTFCWEQIRA HDQPGDKWLV IERRVYDISR WAQRHPGGSR LIGHHGAEDA TDAFRAFHQD LNFVRKFLQP LLIGELAPEE PSQDGPLNAQ LVEDFRALHQ AAEDMKLFDA SPTFFAFLLG HILAMEVLAW LLIYLLGPGW VPSALAAFIL AISQAQSWCL QHDLGHASIF KKSWWNHVAQ KFVMGQLKGF SAHWWNFRHF QHHAKPNIFH KDPDVTVAPV FLLGESSVEY GKKKRRYLPY NQQHLYFFLI GPPLLTLVNF EVENLAYMLV CMQWADLLWA ASFYARFFLS YLPFYGVPGV LLFFVAVRVL ESHWFVWITQ MNHIPKEIGH EKHRDWVSSQ LAATCNVEPS LFTNWFSGHL NFQIEHHLFP RMPRHNYSRV APLVKSLCAK HGLSYEVKPF LTALVDIVRS LKKSGDIWLD AYLHQ //