ID   C71BF_ARATH             Reviewed;         490 AA.
AC   Q9LW27; Q541X4;
DT   27-APR-2001, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-OCT-2000, sequence version 1.
DT   14-MAY-2014, entry version 96.
DE   RecName: Full=Bifunctional dihydrocamalexate synthase/camalexin synthase;
DE            EC=1.-.-.-;
DE            EC=1.3.1.n2;
DE   AltName: Full=Cytochrome P450 71B15;
DE   AltName: Full=Dihydrocamalexate:NADP(+) oxidoreductase (decarboxylating);
DE   AltName: Full=Protein PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 3;
GN   Name=CYP71B15; Synonyms=PAD3; OrderedLocusNames=At3g26830;
GN   ORFNames=MDJ14.15;
OS   Arabidopsis thaliana (Mouse-ear cress).
OC   Eukaryota; Viridiplantae; Streptophyta; Embryophyta; Tracheophyta;
OC   Spermatophyta; Magnoliophyta; eudicotyledons; Gunneridae;
OC   Pentapetalae; rosids; malvids; Brassicales; Brassicaceae; Camelineae;
OC   Arabidopsis.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=3702;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   PubMed=10819329; DOI=10.1093/dnares/7.2.131;
RA   Sato S., Nakamura Y., Kaneko T., Katoh T., Asamizu E., Tabata S.;
RT   "Structural analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana chromosome 3. I. Sequence
RT   features of the regions of 4,504,864 bp covered by sixty P1 and TAC
RT   clones.";
RL   DNA Res. 7:131-135(2000).
RN   [2]
RP   GENOME REANNOTATION.
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RG   The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR);
RL   Submitted (APR-2011) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA].
RC   STRAIN=cv. Columbia;
RX   PubMed=11910074; DOI=10.1126/science.1071006;
RA   Seki M., Narusaka M., Kamiya A., Ishida J., Satou M., Sakurai T.,
RA   Nakajima M., Enju A., Akiyama K., Oono Y., Muramatsu M.,
RA   Hayashizaki Y., Kawai J., Carninci P., Itoh M., Ishii Y., Arakawa T.,
RA   Shibata K., Shinagawa A., Shinozaki K.;
RT   "Functional annotation of a full-length Arabidopsis cDNA collection.";
RL   Science 296:141-145(2002).
RN   [4]
RP   FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX   PubMed=8090752; DOI=10.1073/pnas.91.19.8955;
RA   Glazebrook J., Ausubel F.M.;
RT   "Isolation of phytoalexin-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana
RT   and characterization of their interactions with bacterial pathogens.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91:8955-8959(1994).
RN   [5]
RP   FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX   PubMed=10476063; DOI=10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00513.x;
RA   Thomma B.P., Nelissen I., Eggermont K., Broekaert W.F.;
RT   "Deficiency in phytoalexin production causes enhanced susceptibility
RT   of Arabidopsis thaliana to the fungus Alternaria brassicicola.";
RL   Plant J. 19:163-171(1999).
RN   [6]
RP   FUNCTION, INDUCTION, AND MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-176.
RX   PubMed=10590168; DOI=10.1105/tpc.11.12.2419;
RA   Zhou N., Tootle T.L., Glazebrook J.;
RT   "Arabidopsis PAD3, a gene required for camalexin biosynthesis, encodes
RT   a putative cytochrome P450 monooxygenase.";
RL   Plant Cell 11:2419-2428(1999).
RN   [7]
RP   FUNCTION.
RX   PubMed=11722772; DOI=10.1046/j.1365-313X.2001.01148.x;
RA   Roetschi A., Si-Ammour A., Belbahri L., Mauch F., Mauch-Mani B.;
RT   "Characterization of an Arabidopsis-Phytophthora pathosystem:
RT   resistance requires a functional PAD2 gene and is independent of
RT   salicylic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid signalling.";
RL   Plant J. 28:293-305(2001).
RN   [8]
RP   FUNCTION.
RX   PubMed=11884688; DOI=10.1105/tpc.010481;
RA   Kus J.V., Zaton K., Sarkar R., Cameron R.K.;
RT   "Age-related resistance in Arabidopsis is a developmentally regulated
RT   defense response to Pseudomonas syringae.";
RL   Plant Cell 14:479-490(2002).
RN   [9]
RP   FUNCTION, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE.
RX   PubMed=12848825; DOI=10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01794.x;
RA   Ferrari S., Plotnikova J.M., De Lorenzo G., Ausubel F.M.;
RT   "Arabidopsis local resistance to Botrytis cinerea involves salicylic
RT   acid and camalexin and requires EDS4 and PAD2, but not SID2, EDS5 or
RT   PAD4.";
RL   Plant J. 35:193-205(2003).
RN   [10]
RP   FUNCTION.
RX   PubMed=14675428; DOI=10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01927.x;
RA   Bohman S., Staal J., Thomma B.P., Wang M., Dixelius C.;
RT   "Characterisation of an Arabidopsis-Leptosphaeria maculans
RT   pathosystem: resistance partially requires camalexin biosynthesis and
RT   is independent of salicylic acid, ethylene and jasmonic acid
RT   signalling.";
RL   Plant J. 37:9-20(2004).
RN   [11]
RP   INDUCTION.
RX   PubMed=16769150; DOI=10.1016/j.jplph.2006.04.012;
RA   Schuhegger R., Rauhut T., Glawischnig E.;
RT   "Regulatory variability of camalexin biosynthesis.";
RL   J. Plant Physiol. 164:636-644(2007).
RN   [12]
RP   FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, AND
RP   INDUCTION.
RX   PubMed=16766671; DOI=10.1104/pp.106.082024;
RA   Schuhegger R., Nafisi M., Mansourova M., Petersen B.L., Olsen C.E.,
RA   Svatos A., Halkier B.A., Glawischnig E.;
RT   "CYP71B15 (PAD3) catalyzes the final step in camalexin biosynthesis.";
RL   Plant Physiol. 141:1248-1254(2006).
RN   [13]
RP   FUNCTION.
RX   PubMed=20507477; DOI=10.1111/j.1364-3703.2006.00367.x;
RA   van Baarlen P., Woltering E.J., Staats M., van Kan J.A.;
RT   "Histochemical and genetic analysis of host and non-host interactions
RT   of Arabidopsis with three Botrytis species: an important role for cell
RT   death control.";
RL   Mol. Plant Pathol. 8:41-54(2007).
RN   [14]
RP   FUNCTION, AND INDUCTION.
RX   PubMed=17573535; DOI=10.1105/tpc.107.051383;
RA   Nafisi M., Goregaoker S., Botanga C.J., Glawischnig E., Olsen C.E.,
RA   Halkier B.A., Glazebrook J.;
RT   "Arabidopsis cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 71A13 catalyzes the
RT   conversion of indole-3-acetaldoxime in camalexin synthesis.";
RL   Plant Cell 19:2039-2052(2007).
RN   [15]
RP   FUNCTION, AND INDUCTION.
RX   PubMed=17384165; DOI=10.1104/pp.107.095596;
RA   Ferrari S., Galletti R., Denoux C., De Lorenzo G., Ausubel F.M.,
RA   Dewdney J.;
RT   "Resistance to Botrytis cinerea induced in Arabidopsis by elicitors is
RT   independent of salicylic acid, ethylene, or jasmonate signaling but
RT   requires PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT3.";
RL   Plant Physiol. 144:367-379(2007).
RN   [16]
RP   INDUCTION.
RX   PubMed=18650934; DOI=10.1038/emboj.2008.147;
RA   Qiu J.L., Fiil B.K., Petersen K., Nielsen H.B., Botanga C.J.,
RA   Thorgrimsen S., Palma K., Suarez-Rodriguez M.C., Sandbech-Clausen S.,
RA   Lichota J., Brodersen P., Grasser K.D., Mattsson O., Glazebrook J.,
RA   Mundy J., Petersen M.;
RT   "Arabidopsis MAP kinase 4 regulates gene expression through
RT   transcription factor release in the nucleus.";
RL   EMBO J. 27:2214-2221(2008).
RN   [17]
RP   INDUCTION BY OLIGOGALACTURONIDES.
RX   PubMed=18790995; DOI=10.1104/pp.108.127845;
RA   Galletti R., Denoux C., Gambetta S., Dewdney J., Ausubel F.M.,
RA   De Lorenzo G., Ferrari S.;
RT   "The AtrbohD-mediated oxidative burst elicited by oligogalacturonides
RT   in Arabidopsis is dispensable for the activation of defense responses
RT   effective against Botrytis cinerea.";
RL   Plant Physiol. 148:1695-1706(2008).
RN   [18]
RP   FUNCTION.
RX   PubMed=18567828; DOI=10.1104/pp.108.121335;
RA   Chanda B., Venugopal S.C., Kulshrestha S., Navarre D.A., Downie B.,
RA   Vaillancourt L., Kachroo A., Kachroo P.;
RT   "Glycerol-3-phosphate levels are associated with basal resistance to
RT   the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum in
RT   Arabidopsis.";
RL   Plant Physiol. 147:2017-2029(2008).
RN   [19]
RP   FUNCTION, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY.
RX   PubMed=19567706; DOI=10.1105/tpc.109.066670;
RA   Boettcher C., Westphal L., Schmotz C., Prade E., Scheel D.,
RA   Glawischnig E.;
RT   "The multifunctional enzyme CYP71B15 (PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT3) converts
RT   cysteine-indole-3-acetonitrile to camalexin in the indole-3-
RT   acetonitrile metabolic network of Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL   Plant Cell 21:1830-1845(2009).
RN   [20]
RP   FUNCTION, AND INDUCTION.
RX   PubMed=19154205; DOI=10.1111/j.1365-313X.2009.03794.x;
RA   Stefanato F.L., Abou-Mansour E., Buchala A., Kretschmer M.,
RA   Mosbach A., Hahn M., Bochet C.G., Metraux J.P., Schoonbeek H.J.;
RT   "The ABC transporter BcatrB from Botrytis cinerea exports camalexin
RT   and is a virulence factor on Arabidopsis thaliana.";
RL   Plant J. 58:499-510(2009).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Multifunctional enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of
CC       the indole-derived phytoalexin camalexin. Catalyzes two reactions,
CC       the formation of dihydrocamalexate from indole-3-acetonitrile-
CC       cysteine conjugate and the oxidative decarboxylation of
CC       dihydrocamalexate which is the final step in camalexin
CC       biosynthesis. Required for the resistance to the fungal pathogens
CC       A.brassicicola, B.cinerea, B.elliptica, B.tulipae, L.maculans and
CC       Colletotrichum higginsianum. Seems not to be required for
CC       resistance to P.syringae, P.porri, and not involved in age-related
CC       resistance.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Indole-3-acetonitrile-cysteine conjugate +
CC       NADPH = dihydrocamalexate + hydrogen cyanide + NADP(+).
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: Dihydrocamalexate + NADP(+) = camalexin +
CC       CO(2) + NADPH.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Single-pass membrane protein
CC       (Potential).
CC   -!- INDUCTION: By salicylic acid, flagellin, oligogalacturonides,
CC       silver nitrate, UV-C and infection with A.alternata and various
CC       strains of P.syringae. Activated by the transcription factor
CC       WRKY33 upon infection with P.syringae.
CC   -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: No visible phenotype under normal growth
CC       conditions, but deficient in the phytoalexin camalexin
CC       accumulation upon bacterial infection and markedly increased
CC       susceptibility to infection by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria
CC       brassicicola.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome P450 family.
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DR   EMBL; AB016889; BAB01230.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; CP002686; AEE77220.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AK117967; BAC42604.1; -; mRNA.
DR   RefSeq; NP_189318.1; NM_113595.3.
DR   UniGene; At.6033; -.
DR   ProteinModelPortal; Q9LW27; -.
DR   SMR; Q9LW27; 27-465.
DR   PaxDb; Q9LW27; -.
DR   PRIDE; Q9LW27; -.
DR   EnsemblPlants; AT3G26830.1; AT3G26830.1; AT3G26830.
DR   GeneID; 822298; -.
DR   KEGG; ath:AT3G26830; -.
DR   GeneFarm; 1219; 94.
DR   TAIR; AT3G26830; -.
DR   eggNOG; COG2124; -.
DR   HOGENOM; HOG000218629; -.
DR   InParanoid; Q9LW27; -.
DR   KO; K00517; -.
DR   OMA; INDLECC; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; Q9LW27; -.
DR   BioCyc; ARA:AT3G26830-MONOMER; -.
DR   BioCyc; MetaCyc:AT3G26830-MONOMER; -.
DR   ArrayExpress; Q9LW27; -.
DR   Genevestigator; Q9LW27; -.
DR   GO; GO:0005783; C:endoplasmic reticulum; IDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0043231; C:intracellular membrane-bounded organelle; IDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0010298; F:dihydrocamalexic acid decarboxylase activity; IDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0020037; F:heme binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0005506; F:iron ion binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0004497; F:monooxygenase activity; ISS:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0016705; F:oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0016628; F:oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor; IEA:UniProtKB-EC.
DR   GO; GO:0010120; P:camalexin biosynthetic process; IDA:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0006952; P:defense response; IMP:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0009700; P:indole phytoalexin biosynthetic process; IMP:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0010112; P:regulation of systemic acquired resistance; IEP:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0009737; P:response to abscisic acid; IEP:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0009617; P:response to bacterium; IMP:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0009625; P:response to insect; IEP:TAIR.
DR   GO; GO:0009414; P:response to water deprivation; IEP:TAIR.
DR   Gene3D; 1.10.630.10; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR001128; Cyt_P450.
DR   InterPro; IPR017972; Cyt_P450_CS.
DR   InterPro; IPR002401; Cyt_P450_E_grp-I.
DR   Pfam; PF00067; p450; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00463; EP450I.
DR   PRINTS; PR00385; P450.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF48264; SSF48264; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00086; CYTOCHROME_P450; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Complete proteome; Membrane; NADP; Oxidoreductase; Plant defense;
KW   Reference proteome; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix.
FT   CHAIN         1    490       Bifunctional dihydrocamalexate
FT                                synthase/camalexin synthase.
FT                                /FTId=PRO_0000052093.
FT   TRANSMEM      1     21       Helical; (Potential).
FT   MUTAGEN     176    176       G->E: In pad3-2.
SQ   SEQUENCE   490 AA;  56061 MW;  B8F84D85F252668D CRC64;
     MSVFLCFLVL LPLILIFLNV LKPSKYKLPP GPKKLPIIGN LHQRRTLHPR NRRNLAEMYG
     PVALLQYGFV PVVAISSKEA AEEVLKINDL ECCSRPEAAG MRATFYNFKD IGMAPFGDEW
     SLMRKLSVVE LFSVKKLQSF KYIIEEENNL CVKKLSEFAT RQSPVNLERA IFTLVGNIVC
     RIGYGINLYE CDFFEADRVV DLVLKAEAVI RETVFSDFFP GRIGRFIDCI SGQNRRLKNN
     FSVVDTFFQN VLNEHLKPGR ESSTIVDLMI DMKKKQENDG DALKFTTDHL KGMISDIFVA
     GIGGVAGITL WGMTELIRNP RVMKKVQDEI RTTLGDKKER IKEEDLNQLH YFKLVVKETL
     RLHPTTPLLL PRQTMSHIKI QGYDVPAKTQ ILVNVYAMGR DPKLWENADE FNPDRFLDSS
     VDFKGKNYEF IPFGSGRRIC PGMTMGTILV EMALLNLLYF FDWGLAKQEE AKEIINGEEN
     FLAFFQVLHH
//