ID MUL1_MOUSE Reviewed; 352 AA. AC Q8VCM5; A2AM82; A2AM84; B5M498; Q3TDK4; Q8BHF2; Q9DCV9; DT 20-FEB-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 20-FEB-2007, sequence version 2. DT 09-APR-2025, entry version 172. DE RecName: Full=Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1; DE EC=2.3.2.27 {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q969V5}; DE AltName: Full=E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MUL1; DE AltName: Full=Growth inhibition and death E3 ligase; DE AltName: Full=Protein Hades {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q969V5}; DE AltName: Full=RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase NFKB 1 {ECO:0000305}; GN Name=Mul1; Synonyms=Gide; OS Mus musculus (Mouse). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; OC Murinae; Mus; Mus. OX NCBI_TaxID=10090; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RX PubMed=18591963; DOI=10.1038/cr.2008.75; RA Zhang B., Huang J., Li H.-L., Liu T., Wang Y.-Y., Waterman P., Mao A.-P., RA Xu L.-G., Zhai Z., Liu D., Marrack P., Shu H.-B.; RT "GIDE is a mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase that induces apoptosis and RT slows growth."; RL Cell Res. 18:900-910(2008). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RC STRAIN=C57BL/6J, and NOD; RC TISSUE=Brain cortex, Head, Kidney, Liver, and Thymus; RX PubMed=16141072; DOI=10.1126/science.1112014; RA Carninci P., Kasukawa T., Katayama S., Gough J., Frith M.C., Maeda N., RA Oyama R., Ravasi T., Lenhard B., Wells C., Kodzius R., Shimokawa K., RA Bajic V.B., Brenner S.E., Batalov S., Forrest A.R., Zavolan M., Davis M.J., RA Wilming L.G., Aidinis V., Allen J.E., Ambesi-Impiombato A., Apweiler R., RA Aturaliya R.N., Bailey T.L., Bansal M., Baxter L., Beisel K.W., Bersano T., RA Bono H., Chalk A.M., Chiu K.P., Choudhary V., Christoffels A., RA Clutterbuck D.R., Crowe M.L., Dalla E., Dalrymple B.P., de Bono B., RA Della Gatta G., di Bernardo D., Down T., Engstrom P., Fagiolini M., RA Faulkner G., Fletcher C.F., Fukushima T., Furuno M., Futaki S., RA Gariboldi M., Georgii-Hemming P., Gingeras T.R., Gojobori T., Green R.E., RA Gustincich S., Harbers M., Hayashi Y., Hensch T.K., Hirokawa N., Hill D., RA Huminiecki L., Iacono M., Ikeo K., Iwama A., Ishikawa T., Jakt M., RA Kanapin A., Katoh M., Kawasawa Y., Kelso J., Kitamura H., Kitano H., RA Kollias G., Krishnan S.P., Kruger A., Kummerfeld S.K., Kurochkin I.V., RA Lareau L.F., Lazarevic D., Lipovich L., Liu J., Liuni S., McWilliam S., RA Madan Babu M., Madera M., Marchionni L., Matsuda H., Matsuzawa S., Miki H., RA Mignone F., Miyake S., Morris K., Mottagui-Tabar S., Mulder N., Nakano N., RA Nakauchi H., Ng P., Nilsson R., Nishiguchi S., Nishikawa S., Nori F., RA Ohara O., Okazaki Y., Orlando V., Pang K.C., Pavan W.J., Pavesi G., RA Pesole G., Petrovsky N., Piazza S., Reed J., Reid J.F., Ring B.Z., RA Ringwald M., Rost B., Ruan Y., Salzberg S.L., Sandelin A., Schneider C., RA Schoenbach C., Sekiguchi K., Semple C.A., Seno S., Sessa L., Sheng Y., RA Shibata Y., Shimada H., Shimada K., Silva D., Sinclair B., Sperling S., RA Stupka E., Sugiura K., Sultana R., Takenaka Y., Taki K., Tammoja K., RA Tan S.L., Tang S., Taylor M.S., Tegner J., Teichmann S.A., Ueda H.R., RA van Nimwegen E., Verardo R., Wei C.L., Yagi K., Yamanishi H., RA Zabarovsky E., Zhu S., Zimmer A., Hide W., Bult C., Grimmond S.M., RA Teasdale R.D., Liu E.T., Brusic V., Quackenbush J., Wahlestedt C., RA Mattick J.S., Hume D.A., Kai C., Sasaki D., Tomaru Y., Fukuda S., RA Kanamori-Katayama M., Suzuki M., Aoki J., Arakawa T., Iida J., Imamura K., RA Itoh M., Kato T., Kawaji H., Kawagashira N., Kawashima T., Kojima M., RA Kondo S., Konno H., Nakano K., Ninomiya N., Nishio T., Okada M., Plessy C., RA Shibata K., Shiraki T., Suzuki S., Tagami M., Waki K., Watahiki A., RA Okamura-Oho Y., Suzuki H., Kawai J., Hayashizaki Y.; RT "The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome."; RL Science 309:1559-1563(2005). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=C57BL/6J; RX PubMed=19468303; DOI=10.1371/journal.pbio.1000112; RA Church D.M., Goodstadt L., Hillier L.W., Zody M.C., Goldstein S., She X., RA Bult C.J., Agarwala R., Cherry J.L., DiCuccio M., Hlavina W., Kapustin Y., RA Meric P., Maglott D., Birtle Z., Marques A.C., Graves T., Zhou S., RA Teague B., Potamousis K., Churas C., Place M., Herschleb J., Runnheim R., RA Forrest D., Amos-Landgraf J., Schwartz D.C., Cheng Z., Lindblad-Toh K., RA Eichler E.E., Ponting C.P.; RT "Lineage-specific biology revealed by a finished genome assembly of the RT mouse."; RL PLoS Biol. 7:E1000112-E1000112(2009). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 1). RC STRAIN=FVB/N; TISSUE=Liver; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [5] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Brown adipose tissue; RX PubMed=21183079; DOI=10.1016/j.cell.2010.12.001; RA Huttlin E.L., Jedrychowski M.P., Elias J.E., Goswami T., Rad R., RA Beausoleil S.A., Villen J., Haas W., Sowa M.E., Gygi S.P.; RT "A tissue-specific atlas of mouse protein phosphorylation and expression."; RL Cell 143:1174-1189(2010). RN [6] RP FUNCTION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY. RX PubMed=24898855; DOI=10.7554/elife.01958; RA Yun J., Puri R., Yang H., Lizzio M.A., Wu C., Sheng Z.H., Guo M.; RT "MUL1 acts in parallel to the PINK1/parkin pathway in regulating mitofusin RT and compensates for loss of PINK1/parkin."; RL Elife 3:E01958-E01958(2014). CC -!- FUNCTION: Exhibits weak E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity (By CC similarity). E3 ubiquitin ligases accept ubiquitin from an E2 CC ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme in the form of a thioester and then CC directly transfer the ubiquitin to targeted substrates (By similarity). CC Can ubiquitinate AKT1 preferentially at 'Lys-284' involving 'Lys-48'- CC linked polyubiquitination and seems to be involved in regulation of Akt CC signaling by targeting phosphorylated Akt to proteasomal degradation CC (By similarity). Mediates polyubiquitination of cytoplasmic TP53 at CC 'Lys-27' which targets TP53 for proteasomal degradation, thus reducing CC TP53 levels in the cytoplasm and mitochondrion (By similarity). CC Proposed to preferentially act as a SUMO E3 ligase at physiological CC concentrations (By similarity). Plays a role in the control of CC mitochondrial morphology by promoting mitochondrial fragmentation, and CC influences mitochondrial localization (By similarity). Likely to CC promote mitochondrial fission through negatively regulating the CC mitochondrial fusion proteins MFN1 and MFN2, acting in a pathway that CC is parallel to the PRKN/PINK1 regulatory pathway (PubMed:24898855). May CC also be involved in the sumoylation of the membrane fission protein CC DNM1L (By similarity). Inhibits cell growth (By similarity). When CC overexpressed, activates JNK through MAP3K7/TAK1 and induces caspase- CC dependent apoptosis (By similarity). Involved in the modulation of CC innate immune defense against viruses by inhibiting RIGI-dependent CC antiviral response (By similarity). Can mediate RIGI sumoylation and CC disrupt its polyubiquitination (By similarity). CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q969V5, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24898855}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=S-ubiquitinyl-[E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L-cysteine + CC [acceptor protein]-L-lysine = [E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L- CC cysteine + N(6)-ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]-L-lysine.; CC EC=2.3.2.27; Evidence={ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q969V5}; CC -!- PATHWAY: Protein modification; protein ubiquitination. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q969V5}. CC -!- PATHWAY: Protein modification; protein sumoylation. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q969V5}. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homooligomer. Interacts with MAP3K7/TAK1. Interacts with UBC9. CC Interacts with and sumoylates DNM1L. Interacts with MAVS. Interacts CC with TP53 (via N-terminus); the interaction leads to ubiquitination and CC proteasomal degradation of TP53. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q969V5}. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion outer membrane CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q969V5}; Multi-pass membrane protein CC {ECO:0000255}. Peroxisome {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q969V5}. CC Note=Transported in mitochondrion-derived vesicles from the CC mitochondrion to the peroxisome. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q969V5}. CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=3; CC Name=1; CC IsoId=Q8VCM5-1; Sequence=Displayed; CC Name=2; CC IsoId=Q8VCM5-2; Sequence=VSP_034454, VSP_034455; CC Name=3; CC IsoId=Q8VCM5-3; Sequence=VSP_034453; CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in cortical neurons (at protein level). CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:24898855}. CC -!- DOMAIN: The zinc finger domain is required for E3 ligase activity. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q969V5}. CC -!- PTM: Ubiquitinated by PRKN during mitophagy, leading to its degradation CC and enhancement of mitophagy. Deubiquitinated by USP30. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q969V5}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; EU935009; ACH72646.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AK002416; BAB22084.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AK044088; BAC31768.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AK076419; BAC36332.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AK083295; BAC38848.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AK153956; BAE32279.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AK170149; BAE41597.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AL807249; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC019516; AAH19516.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS18828.1; -. [Q8VCM5-1] DR RefSeq; NP_080965.2; NM_026689.3. [Q8VCM5-1] DR RefSeq; XP_006539197.1; XM_006539134.5. [Q8VCM5-3] DR AlphaFoldDB; Q8VCM5; -. DR SMR; Q8VCM5; -. DR BioGRID; 212817; 2. DR STRING; 10090.ENSMUSP00000039604; -. DR iPTMnet; Q8VCM5; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q8VCM5; -. DR PaxDb; 10090-ENSMUSP00000039604; -. DR PeptideAtlas; Q8VCM5; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 290221; -. [Q8VCM5-1] DR ProteomicsDB; 290222; -. [Q8VCM5-2] DR ProteomicsDB; 290223; -. [Q8VCM5-3] DR Pumba; Q8VCM5; -. DR Antibodypedia; 2986; 344 antibodies from 30 providers. DR DNASU; 68350; -. DR Ensembl; ENSMUST00000044058.11; ENSMUSP00000039604.5; ENSMUSG00000041241.13. [Q8VCM5-1] DR Ensembl; ENSMUST00000105813.8; ENSMUSP00000101439.2; ENSMUSG00000041241.13. [Q8VCM5-3] DR Ensembl; ENSMUST00000105815.2; ENSMUSP00000101441.2; ENSMUSG00000041241.13. [Q8VCM5-2] DR GeneID; 68350; -. DR KEGG; mmu:68350; -. DR UCSC; uc008vky.1; mouse. [Q8VCM5-1] DR AGR; MGI:1915600; -. DR CTD; 79594; -. DR MGI; MGI:1915600; Mul1. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSMUSG00000041241; -. DR eggNOG; KOG1571; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00390000012141; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_050604_1_0_1; -. DR InParanoid; Q8VCM5; -. DR OMA; YILWKQY; -. DR OrthoDB; 66726at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; Q8VCM5; -. DR TreeFam; TF325195; -. DR Reactome; R-MMU-5689880; Ub-specific processing proteases. DR Reactome; R-MMU-8951664; Neddylation. DR Reactome; R-MMU-9755511; KEAP1-NFE2L2 pathway. DR UniPathway; UPA00143; -. DR UniPathway; UPA00886; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 68350; 3 hits in 81 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; Mul1; mouse. DR PRO; PR:Q8VCM5; -. DR Proteomes; UP000000589; Chromosome 4. DR RNAct; Q8VCM5; protein. DR Bgee; ENSMUSG00000041241; Expressed in facial nucleus and 254 other cell types or tissues. DR GO; GO:0030424; C:axon; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0005741; C:mitochondrial outer membrane; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0005739; C:mitochondrion; HDA:MGI. DR GO; GO:0043025; C:neuronal cell body; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0005777; C:peroxisome; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0042802; F:identical protein binding; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0002039; F:p53 binding; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0019789; F:SUMO transferase activity; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0061630; F:ubiquitin protein ligase activity; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0031625; F:ubiquitin protein ligase binding; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0008270; F:zinc ion binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0006915; P:apoptotic process; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0071360; P:cellular response to exogenous dsRNA; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0000266; P:mitochondrial fission; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0051646; P:mitochondrion localization; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0071650; P:negative regulation of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 production; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0050689; P:negative regulation of defense response to virus by host; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0045824; P:negative regulation of innate immune response; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0010637; P:negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0051898; P:negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0060339; P:negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0043123; P:positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:1903861; P:positive regulation of dendrite extension; IMP:ParkinsonsUK-UCL. DR GO; GO:0090141; P:positive regulation of mitochondrial fission; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0033235; P:positive regulation of protein sumoylation; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:1905091; P:positive regulation of type 2 mitophagy; IMP:ParkinsonsUK-UCL. DR GO; GO:0031648; P:protein destabilization; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0000209; P:protein polyubiquitination; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0050821; P:protein stabilization; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0016925; P:protein sumoylation; IEA:UniProtKB-UniPathway. DR GO; GO:0016567; P:protein ubiquitination; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0051881; P:regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential; IGI:ParkinsonsUK-UCL. DR GO; GO:1901028; P:regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization involved in apoptotic signaling pathway; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0031647; P:regulation of protein stability; IMP:ParkinsonsUK-UCL. DR CDD; cd16648; mRING-HC-C3HC5_MAPL; 1. DR FunFam; 3.30.40.10:FF:000351; Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.30.40.10; Zinc/RING finger domain, C3HC4 (zinc finger); 1. DR InterPro; IPR051652; MDM2_MDM4_MUL1. DR InterPro; IPR022170; MUL1-like. DR InterPro; IPR001841; Znf_RING. DR InterPro; IPR013083; Znf_RING/FYVE/PHD. DR PANTHER; PTHR12183; MITOCHONDRIAL UBIQUITIN LIGASE ACTIVATOR OF NFKB 1; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR12183:SF4; MITOCHONDRIAL UBIQUITIN LIGASE ACTIVATOR OF NFKB 1; 1. DR Pfam; PF12483; GIDE; 1. DR Pfam; PF13920; zf-C3HC4_3; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF57850; RING/U-box; 1. DR PROSITE; PS50089; ZF_RING_2; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Alternative splicing; Apoptosis; Isopeptide bond; Membrane; Metal-binding; KW Mitochondrion; Mitochondrion outer membrane; Peroxisome; KW Reference proteome; Transferase; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix; KW Ubl conjugation; Ubl conjugation pathway; Zinc; Zinc-finger. FT CHAIN 1..352 FT /note="Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase activator of NFKB 1" FT /id="PRO_0000277662" FT TOPO_DOM 1..8 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 9..29 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 30..238 FT /note="Mitochondrial intermembrane" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TRANSMEM 239..259 FT /note="Helical" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT TOPO_DOM 260..352 FT /note="Cytoplasmic" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255" FT ZN_FING 302..340 FT /note="RING-type" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00175" FT CROSSLNK 52 FT /note="Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with FT G-Cter in ubiquitin)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q969V5" FT CROSSLNK 299 FT /note="Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with FT G-Cter in ubiquitin)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q969V5" FT VAR_SEQ 1..40 FT /note="MESGSRPSLGQVILLGTSSMVTAVLYSIYRQKAQVAQELK -> MVVVLCWL FT EFHSPSAKDLFWQLYGRWTLEPKSYHQ (in isoform 3)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT /id="VSP_034453" FT VAR_SEQ 111..123 FT /note="NDYSKIIHQRTNT -> CVSSGFYTSEVVV (in isoform 2)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT /id="VSP_034454" FT VAR_SEQ 124..352 FT /note="Missing (in isoform 2)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT /id="VSP_034455" FT CONFLICT 38 FT /note="E -> V (in Ref. 2; BAE41597)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 208 FT /note="V -> F (in Ref. 2; BAB22084)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 242 FT /note="I -> V (in Ref. 1; ACH72646 and 4; AAH19516)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" SQ SEQUENCE 352 AA; 39835 MW; 252530F1BD917871 CRC64; MESGSRPSLG QVILLGTSSM VTAVLYSIYR QKAQVAQELK GAKKIHLGED LKGILSEAPG KCVPYAVIEG AVRSVKETLN SQFVENCKGV IQRLSLQEHK MVWNRTTHLW NDYSKIIHQR TNTVPFDLVP HEDGVAVSVR VLKPLDSVDL GLETVYEKFH PSVQSFTDAI GHYISGERPK GIQETEEMLK VGATLTGIGE LVLDNNAVRL QPPKQGMQYY LSSQDFDSLL HRQESSVRLW KILVLVFGFA TCATLFFILR KQYLHRQERL RQQQLQEEFL EHEAQLLSQA SPEDRESLKS ACVVCLSNFK SCVFLECGHV CSCRQCYLAL PEPKRCPICR REITRVIPLY NS //