ID HMGC2_HUMAN Reviewed; 370 AA. AC Q8TB92; B1AQ42; B3KNV0; B7Z1S7; F8W793; Q6ZSA9; DT 20-MAY-2008, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 20-MAY-2008, sequence version 3. DT 27-NOV-2024, entry version 166. DE RecName: Full=3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, cytoplasmic; DE EC=4.1.3.4 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22847177, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22865860}; DE AltName: Full=3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase-like protein 1; DE Short=HMGCL-like 1; DE AltName: Full=Endoplasmic reticulum 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase {ECO:0000303|PubMed:22847177}; DE Short=er-cHL {ECO:0000303|PubMed:22847177}; GN Name=HMGCLL1; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORMS 1; 3 AND 4). RC TISSUE=Brain, and Cerebellum; RX PubMed=14702039; DOI=10.1038/ng1285; RA Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., RA Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., RA Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S., RA Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., RA Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., RA Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., RA Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., RA Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., RA Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., RA Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., RA Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., RA Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., RA Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., RA Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., RA Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., RA Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., RA Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., RA Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., RA Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., RA Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., RA Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., RA Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., RA Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., RA Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., RA Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., RA Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., RA Isogai T., Sugano S.; RT "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human RT cDNAs."; RL Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=14574404; DOI=10.1038/nature02055; RA Mungall A.J., Palmer S.A., Sims S.K., Edwards C.A., Ashurst J.L., RA Wilming L., Jones M.C., Horton R., Hunt S.E., Scott C.E., Gilbert J.G.R., RA Clamp M.E., Bethel G., Milne S., Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., RA Andrews T.D., Ashwell R.I.S., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., RA Banerjee R., Barker D.J., Barlow K.F., Bates K., Beare D.M., Beasley H., RA Beasley O., Bird C.P., Blakey S.E., Bray-Allen S., Brook J., Brown A.J., RA Brown J.Y., Burford D.C., Burrill W., Burton J., Carder C., Carter N.P., RA Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., Clark G., Clee C.M., Clegg S., Cobley V., RA Collier R.E., Collins J.E., Colman L.K., Corby N.R., Coville G.J., RA Culley K.M., Dhami P., Davies J., Dunn M., Earthrowl M.E., Ellington A.E., RA Evans K.A., Faulkner L., Francis M.D., Frankish A., Frankland J., RA French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Ghori M.J., Gilby L.M., Gillson C.J., RA Glithero R.J., Grafham D.V., Grant M., Gribble S., Griffiths C., RA Griffiths M.N.D., Hall R., Halls K.S., Hammond S., Harley J.L., Hart E.A., RA Heath P.D., Heathcott R., Holmes S.J., Howden P.J., Howe K.L., Howell G.R., RA Huckle E., Humphray S.J., Humphries M.D., Hunt A.R., Johnson C.M., RA Joy A.A., Kay M., Keenan S.J., Kimberley A.M., King A., Laird G.K., RA Langford C., Lawlor S., Leongamornlert D.A., Leversha M., Lloyd C.R., RA Lloyd D.M., Loveland J.E., Lovell J., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., RA Maslen G.L., Matthews L., McCann O.T., McLaren S.J., McLay K., McMurray A., RA Moore M.J.F., Mullikin J.C., Niblett D., Nickerson T., Novik K.L., RA Oliver K., Overton-Larty E.K., Parker A., Patel R., Pearce A.V., Peck A.I., RA Phillimore B.J.C.T., Phillips S., Plumb R.W., Porter K.M., Ramsey Y., RA Ranby S.A., Rice C.M., Ross M.T., Searle S.M., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E., RA Skuce C.D., Smith S., Smith M., Spraggon L., Squares S.L., Steward C.A., RA Sycamore N., Tamlyn-Hall G., Tester J., Theaker A.J., Thomas D.W., RA Thorpe A., Tracey A., Tromans A., Tubby B., Wall M., Wallis J.M., RA West A.P., White S.S., Whitehead S.L., Whittaker H., Wild A., Willey D.J., RA Wilmer T.E., Wood J.M., Wray P.W., Wyatt J.C., Young L., Younger R.M., RA Bentley D.R., Coulson A., Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Sulston J.E., Dunham I., RA Rogers J., Beck S.; RT "The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6."; RL Nature 425:805-811(2003). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RA Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G.G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., Mobarry C.M., RA Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., Flanigan M.J., RA Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., Hannenhalli S., RA Turner R., Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., RA Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., RA Remington K.A., Clark A.G., Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., RA Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., Venter J.C.; RL Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA] (ISOFORM 2). RC TISSUE=Brain; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [5] RP FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, COFACTOR, RP SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, MYRISTOYLATION AT GLY-2, AND MUTAGENESIS OF GLY-2. RX PubMed=22865860; DOI=10.1074/jbc.m112.393231; RA Montgomery C., Pei Z., Watkins P.A., Miziorko H.M.; RT "Identification and characterization of an extramitochondrial human 3- RT Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 287:33227-33236(2012). RN [6] RP FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, SUBCELLULAR LOCATION, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL RP PROPERTIES, AND MUTAGENESIS OF ARG-86; LEU-237 AND HIS-278. RX PubMed=22847177; DOI=10.1194/jlr.m025700; RA Arnedo M., Menao S., Puisac B., Teresa-Rodrigo M.E., Gil-Rodriguez M.C., RA Lopez-Vinas E., Gomez-Puertas P., Casals N., Casale C.H., Hegardt F.G., RA Pie J.; RT "Characterization of a novel HMG-CoA Lyase enzyme with a dual location in RT endoplasmic reticulum and cytosol."; RL J. Lipid Res. 53:2046-2056(2012). CC -!- FUNCTION: Non-mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase CC that catalyzes a cation-dependent cleavage of (S)-3-hydroxy-3- CC methylglutaryl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and acetoacetate, a key step in CC ketogenesis, the products of which support energy production in CC nonhepatic animal tissues. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22847177, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:22865860}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=(3S)-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetoacetate + acetyl-CoA; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:24404, ChEBI:CHEBI:13705, ChEBI:CHEBI:43074, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:57288; EC=4.1.3.4; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:22847177, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:22865860}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=a divalent metal cation; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:60240; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:22865860}; CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: CC Kinetic parameters: CC KM=40 uM for (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (at pH 9) CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22847177}; CC KM=75 uM for (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (at pH 8) CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22847177}; CC KM=28 uM for (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22865860}; CC KM=49 uM for (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (in presence of CC magnesium) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22865860}; CC KM=0.18 uM for (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (in presence of CC manganese) {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22865860}; CC Vmax=12 nmol/min/mg enzyme with (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA as CC substrate at pH 9 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22847177}; CC Vmax=25 nmol/min/mg enzyme with (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA as CC substrate at pH 8 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22847177}; CC -!- PATHWAY: Metabolic intermediate metabolism; (S)-3-hydroxy-3- CC methylglutaryl-CoA degradation; acetoacetate from (S)-3-hydroxy-3- CC methylglutaryl-CoA: step 1/1. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytosol {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22847177}. CC Endoplasmic reticulum membrane {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22847177}; CC Peripheral membrane protein. CC -!- ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS: CC Event=Alternative splicing; Named isoforms=4; CC Name=1; CC IsoId=Q8TB92-1; Sequence=Displayed; CC Name=2; CC IsoId=Q8TB92-2; Sequence=VSP_033752; CC Name=3; CC IsoId=Q8TB92-4; Sequence=VSP_038021, VSP_038022; CC Name=4; CC IsoId=Q8TB92-5; Sequence=VSP_033752, VSP_044324; CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: [Isoform 3]: May be produced at very low levels due to a CC premature stop codon in the mRNA, leading to nonsense-mediated mRNA CC decay. {ECO:0000305}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HMG-CoA lyase family. {ECO:0000305}. CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION: CC Sequence=BAC87045.1; Type=Frameshift; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; CC Sequence=BAG51462.1; Type=Erroneous translation; Note=Wrong choice of CDS.; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; AK055075; BAG51462.1; ALT_SEQ; mRNA. DR EMBL; AK127587; BAC87045.1; ALT_FRAME; mRNA. DR EMBL; AK293856; BAH11613.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AL590290; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AL590406; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; CH471081; EAX04442.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; CH471081; EAX04444.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC024194; AAH24194.2; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS43474.1; -. [Q8TB92-2] DR CCDS; CCDS43475.1; -. [Q8TB92-1] DR CCDS; CCDS75473.1; -. [Q8TB92-5] DR RefSeq; NP_001035865.1; NM_001042406.1. [Q8TB92-2] DR RefSeq; NP_001274670.1; NM_001287741.1. [Q8TB92-5] DR RefSeq; NP_001274675.1; NM_001287746.1. DR RefSeq; NP_061909.2; NM_019036.2. [Q8TB92-1] DR AlphaFoldDB; Q8TB92; -. DR SMR; Q8TB92; -. DR BioGRID; 120006; 21. DR IntAct; Q8TB92; 13. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000381654; -. DR SwissLipids; SLP:000001291; -. [Q8TB92-2] DR iPTMnet; Q8TB92; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; Q8TB92; -. DR BioMuta; HMGCLL1; -. DR DMDM; 189028466; -. DR MassIVE; Q8TB92; -. DR PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000381654; -. DR PeptideAtlas; Q8TB92; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 29914; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 73974; -. [Q8TB92-1] DR ProteomicsDB; 73975; -. [Q8TB92-2] DR Antibodypedia; 31030; 53 antibodies from 13 providers. DR DNASU; 54511; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000274901.9; ENSP00000274901.4; ENSG00000146151.14. [Q8TB92-2] DR Ensembl; ENST00000308161.8; ENSP00000309737.4; ENSG00000146151.14. [Q8TB92-5] DR Ensembl; ENST00000370852.6; ENSP00000359889.2; ENSG00000146151.14. [Q8TB92-4] DR Ensembl; ENST00000398661.6; ENSP00000381654.2; ENSG00000146151.14. [Q8TB92-1] DR GeneID; 54511; -. DR KEGG; hsa:54511; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000274901.9; ENSP00000274901.4; NM_001042406.2; NP_001035865.1. [Q8TB92-2] DR UCSC; uc003pcn.4; human. [Q8TB92-1] DR AGR; HGNC:21359; -. DR CTD; 54511; -. DR DisGeNET; 54511; -. DR GeneCards; HMGCLL1; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:21359; HMGCLL1. DR HPA; ENSG00000146151; Tissue enhanced (brain). DR MIM; 619050; gene. DR neXtProt; NX_Q8TB92; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000146151; -. DR PharmGKB; PA134989971; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000146151; -. DR eggNOG; KOG2368; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000159467; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_214024_0_0_1; -. DR InParanoid; Q8TB92; -. DR OMA; VATAWDC; -. DR OrthoDB; 1210873at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; Q8TB92; -. DR TreeFam; TF105363; -. DR PathwayCommons; Q8TB92; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-77111; Synthesis of Ketone Bodies. DR SABIO-RK; Q8TB92; -. DR SignaLink; Q8TB92; -. DR UniPathway; UPA00896; UER00863. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 54511; 39 hits in 1138 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; HMGCLL1; human. DR GenomeRNAi; 54511; -. DR Pharos; Q8TB92; Tbio. DR PRO; PR:Q8TB92; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 6. DR RNAct; Q8TB92; protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000146151; Expressed in cortical plate and 138 other cell types or tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; Q8TB92; baseline and differential. DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0005783; C:endoplasmic reticulum; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0005789; C:endoplasmic reticulum membrane; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell. DR GO; GO:0016020; C:membrane; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0048471; C:perinuclear region of cytoplasm; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0004419; F:hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0046872; F:metal ion binding; ISS:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0046951; P:ketone body biosynthetic process; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0006552; P:L-leucine catabolic process; IBA:GO_Central. DR CDD; cd07938; DRE_TIM_HMGL; 1. DR FunFam; 3.20.20.70:FF:000038; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase, mitochondrial; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.20.20.70; Aldolase class I; 1. DR InterPro; IPR013785; Aldolase_TIM. DR InterPro; IPR043594; HMGL. DR InterPro; IPR000891; PYR_CT. DR PANTHER; PTHR42738:SF5; 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL-COA LYASE, CYTOPLASMIC; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR42738; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA LYASE; 1. DR Pfam; PF00682; HMGL-like; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF51569; Aldolase; 1. DR PROSITE; PS50991; PYR_CT; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Alternative splicing; Cytoplasm; Endoplasmic reticulum; Lipid metabolism; KW Lipoprotein; Lyase; Membrane; Metal-binding; Myristate; KW Proteomics identification; Reference proteome. FT INIT_MET 1 FT /note="Removed" FT CHAIN 2..370 FT /note="3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase, cytoplasmic" FT /id="PRO_0000334669" FT DOMAIN 78..345 FT /note="Pyruvate carboxyltransferase" FT /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01151" FT ACT_SITE 311 FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT BINDING 86 FT /ligand="substrate" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT BINDING 87 FT /ligand="a divalent metal cation" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:60240" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT BINDING 278 FT /ligand="a divalent metal cation" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:60240" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT BINDING 280 FT /ligand="a divalent metal cation" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:60240" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT BINDING 320 FT /ligand="a divalent metal cation" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:60240" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250" FT LIPID 2 FT /note="N-myristoyl glycine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:22865860" FT VAR_SEQ 37..66 FT /note="Missing (in isoform 2 and isoform 4)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:14702039, FT ECO:0000303|PubMed:15489334" FT /id="VSP_033752" FT VAR_SEQ 37..53 FT /note="TSLLTNLHCFQPDVSGF -> ELQSVMLMLHHGPLRKP (in isoform FT 3)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:14702039" FT /id="VSP_038021" FT VAR_SEQ 54..370 FT /note="Missing (in isoform 3)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:14702039" FT /id="VSP_038022" FT VAR_SEQ 130..161 FT /note="Missing (in isoform 4)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000303|PubMed:14702039" FT /id="VSP_044324" FT MUTAGEN 2 FT /note="G->A: Abolishes myristoylation and induces a FT subcellular location change." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:22865860" FT MUTAGEN 86 FT /note="R->Q: Abolishes catalytic activity." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:22847177" FT MUTAGEN 237 FT /note="L->S: Abolishes catalytic activity." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:22847177" FT MUTAGEN 278 FT /note="H->R: Abolishes catalytic activity." FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:22847177" FT CONFLICT 99 FT /note="D -> G (in Ref. 1; BAH11613)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" SQ SEQUENCE 370 AA; 39514 MW; 7DDEE81555E092A1 CRC64; MGNVPSAVKH CLSYQQLLRE HLWIGDSVAG ALDPAQTSLL TNLHCFQPDV SGFSVSLAGT VACIHWETSQ LSGLPEFVKI VEVGPRDGLQ NEKVIVPTDI KIEFINRLSQ TGLSVIEVTS FVSSRWVPQM ADHTEVMKGI HQYPGVRYPV LTPNLQGFHH AVAAGATEIS VFGAASESFS KKNINCSIEE SMGKFEEVVK SARHMNIPAR GYVSCALGCP YEGSITPQKV TEVSKRLYGM GCYEISLGDT IGVGTPGSMK RMLESVMKEI PPGALAVHCH DTYGQALANI LTALQMGINV VDSAVSGLGG CPYAKGASGN VATEDLIYML NGLGLNTGVN LYKVMEAGDF ICKAVNKTTN SKVAQASFNA //