ID   K1C39_HUMAN             Reviewed;         491 AA.
AC   Q6A163; B2RXK6; Q6IFU6;
DT   15-JAN-2008, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   15-JAN-2008, sequence version 2.
DT   12-AUG-2020, entry version 129.
DE   RecName: Full=Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 39;
DE   AltName: Full=Cytokeratin-39;
DE            Short=CK-39;
DE   AltName: Full=Keratin-39;
DE            Short=K39;
DE   AltName: Full=Type I hair keratin Ka35;
GN   Name=KRT39; Synonyms=KA35;
OS   Homo sapiens (Human).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC   Homo.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9606;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND VARIANT GLN-456.
RC   TISSUE=Scalp;
RX   PubMed=15617563; DOI=10.1111/j.1432-0436.2004.07209006.x;
RA   Rogers M.A., Winter H., Langbein L., Bleiler R., Schweizer J.;
RT   "The human type I keratin gene family: characterization of new hair
RT   follicle specific members and evaluation of the chromosome 17q21.2 gene
RT   domain.";
RL   Differentiation 72:527-540(2004).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=16625196; DOI=10.1038/nature04689;
RA   Zody M.C., Garber M., Adams D.J., Sharpe T., Harrow J., Lupski J.R.,
RA   Nicholson C., Searle S.M., Wilming L., Young S.K., Abouelleil A.,
RA   Allen N.R., Bi W., Bloom T., Borowsky M.L., Bugalter B.E., Butler J.,
RA   Chang J.L., Chen C.-K., Cook A., Corum B., Cuomo C.A., de Jong P.J.,
RA   DeCaprio D., Dewar K., FitzGerald M., Gilbert J., Gibson R., Gnerre S.,
RA   Goldstein S., Grafham D.V., Grocock R., Hafez N., Hagopian D.S., Hart E.,
RA   Norman C.H., Humphray S., Jaffe D.B., Jones M., Kamal M., Khodiyar V.K.,
RA   LaButti K., Laird G., Lehoczky J., Liu X., Lokyitsang T., Loveland J.,
RA   Lui A., Macdonald P., Major J.E., Matthews L., Mauceli E., McCarroll S.A.,
RA   Mihalev A.H., Mudge J., Nguyen C., Nicol R., O'Leary S.B., Osoegawa K.,
RA   Schwartz D.C., Shaw-Smith C., Stankiewicz P., Steward C., Swarbreck D.,
RA   Venkataraman V., Whittaker C.A., Yang X., Zimmer A.R., Bradley A.,
RA   Hubbard T., Birren B.W., Rogers J., Lander E.S., Nusbaum C.;
RT   "DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the
RT   human lineage.";
RL   Nature 440:1045-1049(2006).
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], AND VARIANT GLN-456.
RX   PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504;
RG   The MGC Project Team;
RT   "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project:
RT   the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).";
RL   Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004).
RN   [4]
RP   IDENTIFICATION.
RX   PubMed=15085952; DOI=10.1078/0171-9335-00354;
RA   Hesse M., Zimek A., Weber K., Magin T.M.;
RT   "Comprehensive analysis of keratin gene clusters in humans and rodents.";
RL   Eur. J. Cell Biol. 83:19-26(2004).
RN   [5]
RP   POSSIBLE FUNCTION, TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE.
RX   PubMed=17301834; DOI=10.1038/sj.jid.5700734;
RA   Langbein L., Rogers M.A., Praetzel-Wunder S., Boeckler D., Schirmacher P.,
RA   Schweizer J.;
RT   "Novel type I hair keratins K39 and K40 are the last to be expressed in
RT   differentiation of the hair: completion of the human hair keratin
RT   catalog.";
RL   J. Invest. Dermatol. 127:1532-1535(2007).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: May play a role in late hair differentiation.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Heterotetramer of two type I and two type II keratins.
CC   -!- INTERACTION:
CC       Q6A163; Q49AR9: ANKS1A; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-11954519;
CC       Q6A163; Q9H6L4: ARMC7; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-742909;
CC       Q6A163; Q9BXY8: BEX2; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-745073;
CC       Q6A163; Q8TAB5: C1orf216; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-747505;
CC       Q6A163; A0A1B0GWI1: CCDC196; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-10181422;
CC       Q6A163; P51800-3: CLCNKA; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-11980535;
CC       Q6A163; Q9BQ89: FAM110A; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-1752811;
CC       Q6A163; P14136: GFAP; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-744302;
CC       Q6A163; O14964: HGS; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-740220;
CC       Q6A163; Q86VF2-5: IGFN1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-11955401;
CC       Q6A163; O60341: KDM1A; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-710124;
CC       Q6A163; Q2WGJ6: KLHL38; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-6426443;
CC       Q6A163; P04264: KRT1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-298429;
CC       Q6A163; P12035: KRT3; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-2430095;
CC       Q6A163; P04259: KRT6B; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-740907;
CC       Q6A163; Q7RTS7: KRT74; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-968660;
CC       Q6A163; Q01546: KRT76; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-2952745;
CC       Q6A163; Q8N1N4: KRT78; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-1056564;
CC       Q6A163; Q14533: KRT81; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-739648;
CC       Q6A163; P78385: KRT83; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-10221390;
CC       Q6A163; P78386: KRT85; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-1049371;
CC       Q6A163; O43790: KRT86; NbExp=5; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-9996498;
CC       Q6A163; P61968: LMO4; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-2798728;
CC       Q6A163; O60437: PPL; NbExp=4; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-368321;
CC       Q6A163; Q99633: PRPF18; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-2798416;
CC       Q6A163; Q9BWG6: SCNM1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-748391;
CC       Q6A163; Q92529: SHC3; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-79084;
CC       Q6A163; Q969G3: SMARCE1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-455078;
CC       Q6A163; Q96PF1: TGM7; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-12029034;
CC       Q6A163; Q8N3L3: TXLNB; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-6116822;
CC       Q6A163; P57075-2: UBASH3A; NbExp=5; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-7353612;
CC       Q6A163; Q9Y2B5: VPS9D1; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-9031083;
CC       Q6A163; Q8TAU3: ZNF417; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-11958242, EBI-740727;
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in skin and scalp. In the hair follicle,
CC       it is present in the upper hair cuticle and the upper cortex. Also
CC       present in the in the upper portion of beard hairs (at protein level).
CC       {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15617563, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17301834}.
CC   -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: During differentiation of the hair, it is one of
CC       the last keratins expressed. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17301834}.
CC   -!- MISCELLANEOUS: There are two types of cytoskeletal and microfibrillar
CC       keratin, I (acidic) and II (neutral to basic) (40-55 and 56-70 kDa,
CC       respectively).
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the intermediate filament family.
CC       {ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01188}.
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DR   EMBL; AJ786657; CAH10352.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AC004231; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AC007455; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; BC157887; AAI57888.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; BK004054; DAA04487.1; -; mRNA.
DR   CCDS; CCDS11382.1; -.
DR   RefSeq; NP_998821.3; NM_213656.3.
DR   SMR; Q6A163; -.
DR   BioGRID; 133686; 1.
DR   IntAct; Q6A163; 34.
DR   STRING; 9606.ENSP00000347823; -.
DR   iPTMnet; Q6A163; -.
DR   PhosphoSitePlus; Q6A163; -.
DR   BioMuta; KRT39; -.
DR   DMDM; 166218816; -.
DR   jPOST; Q6A163; -.
DR   MassIVE; Q6A163; -.
DR   PaxDb; Q6A163; -.
DR   PeptideAtlas; Q6A163; -.
DR   PRIDE; Q6A163; -.
DR   ProteomicsDB; 66177; -.
DR   Antibodypedia; 55323; 32 antibodies.
DR   DNASU; 390792; -.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000355612; ENSP00000347823; ENSG00000196859.
DR   Ensembl; ENST00000575391; ENSP00000459016; ENSG00000262164.
DR   GeneID; 390792; -.
DR   KEGG; hsa:390792; -.
DR   UCSC; uc002hvo.1; human.
DR   CTD; 390792; -.
DR   EuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000196859.7; -.
DR   GeneCards; KRT39; -.
DR   HGNC; HGNC:32971; KRT39.
DR   HPA; ENSG00000196859; Tissue enriched (skin).
DR   MIM; 616678; gene.
DR   neXtProt; NX_Q6A163; -.
DR   OpenTargets; ENSG00000196859; -.
DR   PharmGKB; PA147357633; -.
DR   eggNOG; ENOG502SH7Y; Eukaryota.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00940000162203; -.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_012560_8_0_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; Q6A163; -.
DR   KO; K07604; -.
DR   OMA; CQNCSRI; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 798081at2759; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; Q6A163; -.
DR   TreeFam; TF332742; -.
DR   PathwayCommons; Q6A163; -.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-6805567; Keratinization.
DR   Reactome; R-HSA-6809371; Formation of the cornified envelope.
DR   BioGRID-ORCS; 390792; 0 hits in 870 CRISPR screens.
DR   GenomeRNAi; 390792; -.
DR   Pharos; Q6A163; Tdark.
DR   PRO; PR:Q6A163; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 17.
DR   RNAct; Q6A163; protein.
DR   Bgee; ENSG00000196859; Expressed in skin of abdomen and 36 other tissues.
DR   ExpressionAtlas; Q6A163; baseline and differential.
DR   GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; TAS:Reactome.
DR   GO; GO:0005882; C:intermediate filament; IEA:UniProtKB-KW.
DR   GO; GO:0005198; F:structural molecule activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0070268; P:cornification; TAS:Reactome.
DR   GO; GO:0031424; P:keratinization; TAS:Reactome.
DR   Gene3D; 1.20.5.1160; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR018039; IF_conserved.
DR   InterPro; IPR039008; IF_rod_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR042180; IF_rod_dom_coil1B.
DR   InterPro; IPR002957; Keratin_I.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR23239; PTHR23239; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00038; Filament; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR01248; TYPE1KERATIN.
DR   SMART; SM01391; Filament; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00226; IF_ROD_1; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS51842; IF_ROD_2; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Coiled coil; Intermediate filament; Keratin; Polymorphism;
KW   Reference proteome.
FT   CHAIN           1..491
FT                   /note="Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 39"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000314853"
FT   DOMAIN          96..407
FT                   /note="IF rod"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01188"
FT   REGION          1..96
FT                   /note="Head"
FT   REGION          97..131
FT                   /note="Coil 1A"
FT   REGION          132..142
FT                   /note="Linker 1"
FT   REGION          143..243
FT                   /note="Coil 1B"
FT   REGION          244..259
FT                   /note="Linker 12"
FT   REGION          260..403
FT                   /note="Coil 2"
FT   REGION          404..491
FT                   /note="Tail"
FT   SITE            345
FT                   /note="Stutter"
FT   VARIANT         341
FT                   /note="T -> M (in dbSNP:rs17843021)"
FT                   /id="VAR_038075"
FT   VARIANT         383
FT                   /note="L -> M (in dbSNP:rs17843023)"
FT                   /id="VAR_038076"
FT   VARIANT         456
FT                   /note="R -> Q (in dbSNP:rs7213256)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:15489334,
FT                   ECO:0000269|PubMed:15617563"
FT                   /id="VAR_038077"
SQ   SEQUENCE   491 AA;  55651 MW;  4299E51361B30BAC CRC64;
     MDTKGCTTTN SPSTPCQNCS RITNVSTISS NNGCHPGGLT VNNCQPAGHV LRIPWDQGCQ
     PTPRFCRKPI YLMNNFNARF SLDDCSWYGE GINSNEKETM QILNERLANY LQKVRMLERE
     NAELESKIQE ESNKELPVLC PDYLSYYTTI EELQQKILCT KAENSRLVSQ IDNTKLTADD
     LRAKYEAEVS LRQLVESDAN GLKQILNVLT LGKADLEAQV QSLKEELLCL KNNHKEEINS
     LQCQLGERLD IEVTAAPSAD LNQVLQEMRC QYEPIMETNR KDVEQWFNTQ IEELNQQVVT
     SSQQQQCCQK EIIELRRSVN TLEVELQAQH RMRDSQECIL TETEARYTAL LTQIQSLIDN
     LEAQLAEIRC ALERQNQEYE ILLDVKSRLE CEITTYRSLL ESSDGKRPCY PRATKCEPSP
     WTSCKSGAIE STAPACTSSS PCSLKEHCSA CGPLSRILVK ICTITKEIKD GKVISSYEHV
     QPCFIIRPAK V
//