ID T2R38_HUMAN STANDARD; PRT; 333 AA. AC P59533; P59552; Q645W3; Q86UK3; DT 10-OCT-2003 (Rel. 42, Created) DT 25-OCT-2004 (Rel. 45, Last sequence update) DT 01-MAY-2005 (Rel. 47, Last annotation update) DE Taste receptor type 2 member 38 (T2R38) (T2R61) (PTC bitter taste DE receptor). GN Name=TAS2R38; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; OC Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE. RX MEDLINE=22297730; PubMed=12379855; DOI=10.1038/ng1014; RA Bufe B., Hofmann T., Krautwurst D., Raguse J.-D., Meyerhof W.; RT "The human TAS2R16 receptor mediates bitter taste in response to beta- RT glucopyranosides."; RL Nat. Genet. 32:397-401(2002). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE, AND VARIANT ALA-262. RX MEDLINE=22471936; PubMed=12584440; DOI=10.1159/000068546; RA Conte C., Ebeling M., Marcuz A., Nef P., Andres-Barquin P.J.; RT "Identification and characterization of human taste receptor genes RT belonging to the TAS2R family."; RL Cytogenet. Genome Res. 98:45-53(2002). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE, AND VARIANTS PRO-49; ALA-262 AND VAL-296. RX MEDLINE=22484292; PubMed=12595690; DOI=10.1126/science.1080190; RA Kim U.-K., Jorgenson E., Coon H., Leppert M., Risch N., Drayna D.T.; RT "Positional cloning of the human quantitative trait locus underlying RT taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide."; RL Science 299:1221-1225(2003). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE. RX PubMed=15496549; DOI=10.1093/molbev/msi027; RA Fischer A., Gilad Y., Man O., Paabo S.; RT "Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes."; RL Mol. Biol. Evol. 22:432-436(2005). RN [5] RP REVIEW. RX MEDLINE=22135574; PubMed=12139982; DOI=10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00345-8; RA Montmayeur J.-P., Matsunami H.; RT "Receptors for bitter and sweet taste."; RL Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12:366-371(2002). RN [6] RP REVIEW. RX MEDLINE=21634924; PubMed=11696554; DOI=10.1074/jbc.R100054200; RA Margolskee R.F.; RT "Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 277:1-4(2002). RN [7] RP REVIEW. RX MEDLINE=22469025; PubMed=12581520; DOI=10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00071-0; RA Zhang Y., Hoon M.A., Chandrashekar J., Mueller K.L., Cook B., Wu D., RA Zuker C.S., Ryba N.J.; RT "Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells RT sharing similar signaling pathways."; RL Cell 112:293-301(2003). CC -!- FUNCTION: Receptor that may play a role in the perception of CC bitterness and is gustducin-linked. May play a role in sensing the CC chemical composition of the gastrointestinal content. The activity CC of this receptor may stimulate alpha gustducin, mediate PLC-beta-2 CC activation and lead to the gating of TRPM5 (By similarity). CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Integral membrane protein. CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells CC of the tongue and exclusively in gustducin-positive cells. CC -!- POLYMORPHISM: Variations in TAS2R38 are associated with the CC ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC tasting); also called CC thiourea tasting. The ability to taste the substance PTC and a CC number of related substances is genetically controlled. Genetic CC studies have demonstrated complex inheritance for this trait. For CC some people (and some chimpanzees also), the chemical PTC tastes CC very bitter. For others, it is tasteless. Actually, substantial CC variation in taste sensitivity exists in human. Five haplotypes CC arising from three coding SNPs in the TAS2R38 gene are associated CC with distinct phenotypes of PTC taste sensitivity. CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Most taste cells may be activated by a limited CC number of bitter compounds; individual taste cells can CC discriminate among bitter stimuli. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; AF494231; AAM19322.1; -. DR EMBL; AY114095; AAM63545.1; -. DR EMBL; AY258598; AAP14667.1; -. DR EMBL; AY724960; AAU21156.1; -. DR Ensembl; ENSG00000183609; Homo sapiens. DR Genew; HGNC:9584; TAS2R38. DR MIM; 607751; -. DR MIM; 171200; -. DR InterPro; IPR007960; TAS2_recept. DR Pfam; PF05296; TAS2R; 1. KW G-protein coupled receptor; Glycoprotein; Polymorphism; Receptor; KW Sensory transduction; Taste; Transducer; Transmembrane. FT DOMAIN 1 17 Extracellular (Potential). FT TRANSMEM 18 38 1 (Potential). FT DOMAIN 39 55 Cytoplasmic (Potential). FT TRANSMEM 56 76 2 (Potential). FT DOMAIN 77 94 Extracellular (Potential). FT TRANSMEM 95 115 3 (Potential). FT DOMAIN 116 142 Cytoplasmic (Potential). FT TRANSMEM 143 163 4 (Potential). FT DOMAIN 164 190 Extracellular (Potential). FT TRANSMEM 191 211 5 (Potential). FT DOMAIN 212 251 Cytoplasmic (Potential). FT TRANSMEM 252 272 6 (Potential). FT DOMAIN 273 276 Extracellular (Potential). FT TRANSMEM 277 297 7 (Potential). FT DOMAIN 298 333 Cytoplasmic (Potential). FT CARBOHYD 89 89 N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential). FT CARBOHYD 178 178 N-linked (GlcNAc...) (Potential). FT VARIANT 49 49 A -> P (in dbSNP:713598). FT /FTId=VAR_017860. FT VARIANT 262 262 V -> A (in dbSNP:1726866). FT /FTId=VAR_017861. FT VARIANT 296 296 I -> V (in dbSNP:10246939). FT /FTId=VAR_017862. FT CONFLICT 186 186 I -> N (in Ref. 1). SQ SEQUENCE 333 AA; 37921 MW; EA3EFF4C20999953 CRC64; MLTLTRIRTV SYEVRSTFLF ISVLEFAVGF LTNAFVFLVN FWDVVKRQAL SNSDCVLLCL SISRLFLHGL LFLSAIQLTH FQKLSEPLNH SYQAIIMLWM IANQANLWLA ACLSLLYCSK LIRFSHTFLI CLASWVSRKI SQMLLGIILC SCICTVLCVW CFFSRPHFTV TTVLFMNNNT RLNWQIKDLN LFYSFLFCYL WSVPPFLLFL VSSGMLTVSL GRHMRTMKVY TRNSRDPSLE AHIKALKSLV SFFCFFVISS CVAFISVPLL ILWRDKIGVM VCVGIMAACP SGHAAILISG NAKLRRAVMT ILLWAQSSLK VRADHKADSR TLC //