ID T2R38_HUMAN Reviewed; 333 AA. AC P59533; A4D1U6; P59552; Q2M3E8; Q645W3; Q86UK3; DT 11-APR-2003, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 21-JUN-2005, sequence version 3. DT 10-MAY-2017, entry version 127. DE RecName: Full=Taste receptor type 2 member 38; DE Short=T2R38; DE AltName: Full=PTC bitter taste receptor; DE AltName: Full=Taste receptor type 2 member 61; DE Short=T2R61; GN Name=TAS2R38; Synonyms=PTC; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; OC Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; OC Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT VAL-262. RX PubMed=12379855; DOI=10.1038/ng1014; RA Bufe B., Hofmann T., Krautwurst D., Raguse J.-D., Meyerhof W.; RT "The human TAS2R16 receptor mediates bitter taste in response to beta- RT glucopyranosides."; RL Nat. Genet. 32:397-401(2002). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=12584440; DOI=10.1159/000068546; RA Conte C., Ebeling M., Marcuz A., Nef P., Andres-Barquin P.J.; RT "Identification and characterization of human taste receptor genes RT belonging to the TAS2R family."; RL Cytogenet. Genome Res. 98:45-53(2002). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANTS PRO-49 AND VAL-296. RX PubMed=12595690; DOI=10.1126/science.1080190; RA Kim U.-K., Jorgenson E., Coon H., Leppert M., Risch N., Drayna D.T.; RT "Positional cloning of the human quantitative trait locus underlying RT taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide."; RL Science 299:1221-1225(2003). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT VAL-262. RX PubMed=15496549; DOI=10.1093/molbev/msi027; RA Fischer A., Gilad Y., Man O., Paeaebo S.; RT "Evolution of bitter taste receptors in humans and apes."; RL Mol. Biol. Evol. 22:432-436(2005). RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT VAL-262. RX PubMed=12690205; DOI=10.1126/science.1083423; RA Scherer S.W., Cheung J., MacDonald J.R., Osborne L.R., Nakabayashi K., RA Herbrick J.-A., Carson A.R., Parker-Katiraee L., Skaug J., Khaja R., RA Zhang J., Hudek A.K., Li M., Haddad M., Duggan G.E., Fernandez B.A., RA Kanematsu E., Gentles S., Christopoulos C.C., Choufani S., RA Kwasnicka D., Zheng X.H., Lai Z., Nusskern D.R., Zhang Q., Gu Z., RA Lu F., Zeesman S., Nowaczyk M.J., Teshima I., Chitayat D., Shuman C., RA Weksberg R., Zackai E.H., Grebe T.A., Cox S.R., Kirkpatrick S.J., RA Rahman N., Friedman J.M., Heng H.H.Q., Pelicci P.G., Lo-Coco F., RA Belloni E., Shaffer L.G., Pober B., Morton C.C., Gusella J.F., RA Bruns G.A.P., Korf B.R., Quade B.J., Ligon A.H., Ferguson H., RA Higgins A.W., Leach N.T., Herrick S.R., Lemyre E., Farra C.G., RA Kim H.-G., Summers A.M., Gripp K.W., Roberts W., Szatmari P., RA Winsor E.J.T., Grzeschik K.-H., Teebi A., Minassian B.A., Kere J., RA Armengol L., Pujana M.A., Estivill X., Wilson M.D., Koop B.F., RA Tosi S., Moore G.E., Boright A.P., Zlotorynski E., Kerem B., RA Kroisel P.M., Petek E., Oscier D.G., Mould S.J., Doehner H., RA Doehner K., Rommens J.M., Vincent J.B., Venter J.C., Li P.W., RA Mural R.J., Adams M.D., Tsui L.-C.; RT "Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology."; RL Science 300:767-772(2003). RN [6] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA], AND VARIANT VAL-262. RA Mural R.J., Istrail S., Sutton G., Florea L., Halpern A.L., RA Mobarry C.M., Lippert R., Walenz B., Shatkay H., Dew I., Miller J.R., RA Flanigan M.J., Edwards N.J., Bolanos R., Fasulo D., Halldorsson B.V., RA Hannenhalli S., Turner R., Yooseph S., Lu F., Nusskern D.R., RA Shue B.C., Zheng X.H., Zhong F., Delcher A.L., Huson D.H., RA Kravitz S.A., Mouchard L., Reinert K., Remington K.A., Clark A.G., RA Waterman M.S., Eichler E.E., Adams M.D., Hunkapiller M.W., Myers E.W., RA Venter J.C.; RL Submitted (JUL-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [7] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA], AND VARIANT VAL-262. RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA RT project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [8] RP REVIEW. RX PubMed=12139982; DOI=10.1016/S0959-4388(02)00345-8; RA Montmayeur J.-P., Matsunami H.; RT "Receptors for bitter and sweet taste."; RL Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 12:366-371(2002). RN [9] RP REVIEW. RX PubMed=11696554; DOI=10.1074/jbc.R100054200; RA Margolskee R.F.; RT "Molecular mechanisms of bitter and sweet taste transduction."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 277:1-4(2002). RN [10] RP REVIEW. RX PubMed=12581520; DOI=10.1016/S0092-8674(03)00071-0; RA Zhang Y., Hoon M.A., Chandrashekar J., Mueller K.L., Cook B., Wu D., RA Zuker C.S., Ryba N.J.; RT "Coding of sweet, bitter, and umami tastes: different receptor cells RT sharing similar signaling pathways."; RL Cell 112:293-301(2003). RN [11] RP TISSUE SPECIFICITY. RX PubMed=16720576; DOI=10.1074/jbc.M513637200; RA Behrens M., Bartelt J., Reichling C., Winnig M., Kuhn C., Meyerhof W.; RT "Members of RTP and REEP gene families influence functional bitter RT taste receptor expression."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 281:20650-20659(2006). CC -!- FUNCTION: Receptor that may play a role in the perception of CC bitterness and is gustducin-linked. May play a role in sensing the CC chemical composition of the gastrointestinal content. The activity CC of this receptor may stimulate alpha gustducin, mediate PLC-beta-2 CC activation and lead to the gating of TRPM5 (By similarity). CC {ECO:0000250}. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in subsets of taste receptor cells CC of the tongue and exclusively in gustducin-positive cells. CC Expressed in testis (PubMed:16720576). CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16720576}. CC -!- POLYMORPHISM: Variations in TAS2R38 are associated with the CC ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC tasting) [MIM:171200]; CC also called thiourea tasting. The ability to taste the substance CC PTC and a number of related substances is genetically controlled. CC Genetic studies have demonstrated complex inheritance for this CC trait. For some people (and some chimpanzees also), the chemical CC PTC tastes very bitter. For others, it is tasteless. Actually, CC substantial variation in taste sensitivity exists in human. Five CC haplotypes arising from three coding SNPs in the TAS2R38 gene are CC associated with distinct phenotypes of PTC taste sensitivity. CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Most taste cells may be activated by a limited CC number of bitter compounds; individual taste cells can CC discriminate among bitter stimuli. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor T2R family. CC {ECO:0000305}. CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=Protein Spotlight; Note=A tail of protection - CC Issue 119 of July 2010; CC URL="http://web.expasy.org/spotlight/back_issues/119"; CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; AF494231; AAM19322.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AY114095; AAM63545.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AY258598; AAP14667.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AY724960; AAU21156.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; CH236950; EAL24011.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; CH471070; EAW83993.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC104933; AAI04934.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC104937; AAI04938.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS34765.1; -. DR RefSeq; NP_789787.4; NM_176817.4. DR UniGene; Hs.647085; -. DR ProteinModelPortal; P59533; -. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000448219; -. DR TCDB; 9.A.14.17.5; the g-protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) family. DR iPTMnet; P59533; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; P59533; -. DR BioMuta; TAS2R38; -. DR DMDM; 68068016; -. DR PaxDb; P59533; -. DR PeptideAtlas; P59533; -. DR PRIDE; P59533; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000547270; ENSP00000448219; ENSG00000257138. DR GeneID; 5726; -. DR KEGG; hsa:5726; -. DR UCSC; uc003vwx.1; human. DR CTD; 5726; -. DR DisGeNET; 5726; -. DR GeneCards; TAS2R38; -. DR H-InvDB; HIX0033729; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:9584; TAS2R38. DR HPA; HPA043862; -. DR HPA; HPA054366; -. DR MIM; 171200; phenotype. DR MIM; 607751; gene. DR neXtProt; NX_P59533; -. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000257138; -. DR PharmGKB; PA33936; -. DR eggNOG; ENOG410IH9N; Eukaryota. DR eggNOG; ENOG410Z3YE; LUCA. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00760000119096; -. DR HOGENOM; HOG000041379; -. DR HOVERGEN; HBG098741; -. DR InParanoid; P59533; -. DR KO; K08474; -. DR OMA; HMRTMKV; -. DR OrthoDB; EOG091G0ERQ; -. DR PhylomeDB; P59533; -. DR TreeFam; TF335891; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-418594; G alpha (i) signalling events. DR Reactome; R-HSA-420499; Class C/3 (Metabotropic glutamate/pheromone receptors). DR GeneWiki; TAS2R38; -. DR GenomeRNAi; 5726; -. DR PRO; PR:P59533; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 7. DR CleanEx; HS_TAS2R38; -. DR Genevisible; P59533; HS. DR GO; GO:0016021; C:integral component of membrane; IC:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IDA:CACAO. DR GO; GO:0033038; F:bitter taste receptor activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0004930; F:G-protein coupled receptor activity; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0001580; P:detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of bitter taste; IDA:UniProtKB. DR InterPro; IPR007960; T2R. DR InterPro; IPR030050; TAS2R38. DR PANTHER; PTHR11394; PTHR11394; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR11394:SF86; PTHR11394:SF86; 1. DR Pfam; PF05296; TAS2R; 1. PE 2: Evidence at transcript level; KW Complete proteome; G-protein coupled receptor; Glycoprotein; Membrane; KW Polymorphism; Receptor; Reference proteome; Sensory transduction; KW Taste; Transducer; Transmembrane; Transmembrane helix. FT CHAIN 1 333 Taste receptor type 2 member 38. FT /FTId=PRO_0000082273. FT TOPO_DOM 1 17 Extracellular. {ECO:0000255}. FT TRANSMEM 18 38 Helical; Name=1. {ECO:0000255}. FT TOPO_DOM 39 55 Cytoplasmic. {ECO:0000255}. FT TRANSMEM 56 76 Helical; Name=2. {ECO:0000255}. FT TOPO_DOM 77 94 Extracellular. {ECO:0000255}. FT TRANSMEM 95 115 Helical; Name=3. {ECO:0000255}. FT TOPO_DOM 116 142 Cytoplasmic. {ECO:0000255}. FT TRANSMEM 143 163 Helical; Name=4. {ECO:0000255}. FT TOPO_DOM 164 190 Extracellular. {ECO:0000255}. FT TRANSMEM 191 211 Helical; Name=5. {ECO:0000255}. FT TOPO_DOM 212 251 Cytoplasmic. {ECO:0000255}. FT TRANSMEM 252 272 Helical; Name=6. {ECO:0000255}. FT TOPO_DOM 273 276 Extracellular. {ECO:0000255}. FT TRANSMEM 277 297 Helical; Name=7. {ECO:0000255}. FT TOPO_DOM 298 333 Cytoplasmic. {ECO:0000255}. FT CARBOHYD 89 89 N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine. FT {ECO:0000255}. FT CARBOHYD 178 178 N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine. FT {ECO:0000255}. FT VARIANT 49 49 A -> P (in dbSNP:rs713598). FT {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12595690}. FT /FTId=VAR_017860. FT VARIANT 262 262 A -> V (in dbSNP:rs1726866). FT {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12379855, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:12690205, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:15489334, FT ECO:0000269|PubMed:15496549, FT ECO:0000269|Ref.6}. FT /FTId=VAR_017861. FT VARIANT 296 296 I -> V (in dbSNP:rs10246939). FT {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12595690}. FT /FTId=VAR_017862. FT CONFLICT 186 186 I -> N (in Ref. 1; AAM19322). FT {ECO:0000305}. SQ SEQUENCE 333 AA; 37892 MW; E3B5EDD5AB99994C CRC64; MLTLTRIRTV SYEVRSTFLF ISVLEFAVGF LTNAFVFLVN FWDVVKRQAL SNSDCVLLCL SISRLFLHGL LFLSAIQLTH FQKLSEPLNH SYQAIIMLWM IANQANLWLA ACLSLLYCSK LIRFSHTFLI CLASWVSRKI SQMLLGIILC SCICTVLCVW CFFSRPHFTV TTVLFMNNNT RLNWQIKDLN LFYSFLFCYL WSVPPFLLFL VSSGMLTVSL GRHMRTMKVY TRNSRDPSLE AHIKALKSLV SFFCFFVISS CAAFISVPLL ILWRDKIGVM VCVGIMAACP SGHAAILISG NAKLRRAVMT ILLWAQSSLK VRADHKADSR TLC //