ID HMGA2_HUMAN Reviewed; 109 AA. AC P52926; DT 01-OCT-1996, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 01-OCT-1996, sequence version 1. DT 11-JAN-2011, entry version 105. DE RecName: Full=High mobility group protein HMGI-C; DE AltName: Full=High mobility group AT-hook protein 2; GN Name=HMGA2; Synonyms=HMGIC; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; OC Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; OC Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Hepatoma; RX MEDLINE=94257023; PubMed=8198613; DOI=10.1006/bbrc.1994.1669; RA Patel U.A., Bandiera A., Manfioletti G., Giancotti V., Chau K.-Y., RA Crane-Robinson C.; RT "Expression and cDNA cloning of human HMGI-C phosphoprotein."; RL Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 201:63-70(1994). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA / MRNA]. RX MEDLINE=95400325; PubMed=7670494; DOI=10.1038/ng0895-436; RA Schoenmakers E.F.P.M., Wanschura S., Mols R., Bullerdiek J., RA van den Berghe H., van de Ven W.J.M.; RT "Recurrent rearrangements in the high mobility group protein gene, RT HMGI-C, in benign mesenchymal tumours."; RL Nat. Genet. 10:436-444(1995). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RX MEDLINE=96091170; PubMed=7501444; DOI=10.1093/nar/23.21.4262; RA Chau K.-Y., Patel U.A., Lee K.-L.D., Lam H.-Y.P., Crane-Robinson C.; RT "The gene for the human architectural transcription factor HMGI-C RT consists of five exons each coding for a distinct functional RT element."; RL Nucleic Acids Res. 23:4262-4266(1995). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RX MEDLINE=96422186; PubMed=8824803; DOI=10.1006/geno.1996.0033; RA Ashar H.R., Cherath L., Przysybz K., Chada K.; RT "Genomic characterization of human HMGIC, a member of the accessory RT transcription factor family found at translocation breakpoints in RT lipomas."; RL Genomics 31:207-214(1996). RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=16541075; DOI=10.1038/nature04569; RA Scherer S.E., Muzny D.M., Buhay C.J., Chen R., Cree A., Ding Y., RA Dugan-Rocha S., Gill R., Gunaratne P., Harris R.A., Hawes A.C., RA Hernandez J., Hodgson A.V., Hume J., Jackson A., Khan Z.M., RA Kovar-Smith C., Lewis L.R., Lozado R.J., Metzker M.L., RA Milosavljevic A., Miner G.R., Montgomery K.T., Morgan M.B., RA Nazareth L.V., Scott G., Sodergren E., Song X.-Z., Steffen D., RA Lovering R.C., Wheeler D.A., Worley K.C., Yuan Y., Zhang Z., RA Adams C.Q., Ansari-Lari M.A., Ayele M., Brown M.J., Chen G., Chen Z., RA Clerc-Blankenburg K.P., Davis C., Delgado O., Dinh H.H., Draper H., RA Gonzalez-Garay M.L., Havlak P., Jackson L.R., Jacob L.S., Kelly S.H., RA Li L., Li Z., Liu J., Liu W., Lu J., Maheshwari M., Nguyen B.-V., RA Okwuonu G.O., Pasternak S., Perez L.M., Plopper F.J.H., Santibanez J., RA Shen H., Tabor P.E., Verduzco D., Waldron L., Wang Q., Williams G.A., RA Zhang J., Zhou J., Allen C.C., Amin A.G., Anyalebechi V., Bailey M., RA Barbaria J.A., Bimage K.E., Bryant N.P., Burch P.E., Burkett C.E., RA Burrell K.L., Calderon E., Cardenas V., Carter K., Casias K., RA Cavazos I., Cavazos S.R., Ceasar H., Chacko J., Chan S.N., Chavez D., RA Christopoulos C., Chu J., Cockrell R., Cox C.D., Dang M., RA Dathorne S.R., David R., Davis C.M., Davy-Carroll L., Deshazo D.R., RA Donlin J.E., D'Souza L., Eaves K.A., Egan A., Emery-Cohen A.J., RA Escotto M., Flagg N., Forbes L.D., Gabisi A.M., Garza M., Hamilton C., RA Henderson N., Hernandez O., Hines S., Hogues M.E., Huang M., RA Idlebird D.G., Johnson R., Jolivet A., Jones S., Kagan R., King L.M., RA Leal B., Lebow H., Lee S., LeVan J.M., Lewis L.C., London P., RA Lorensuhewa L.M., Loulseged H., Lovett D.A., Lucier A., Lucier R.L., RA Ma J., Madu R.C., Mapua P., Martindale A.D., Martinez E., Massey E., RA Mawhiney S., Meador M.G., Mendez S., Mercado C., Mercado I.C., RA Merritt C.E., Miner Z.L., Minja E., Mitchell T., Mohabbat F., RA Mohabbat K., Montgomery B., Moore N., Morris S., Munidasa M., RA Ngo R.N., Nguyen N.B., Nickerson E., Nwaokelemeh O.O., Nwokenkwo S., RA Obregon M., Oguh M., Oragunye N., Oviedo R.J., Parish B.J., RA Parker D.N., Parrish J., Parks K.L., Paul H.A., Payton B.A., Perez A., RA Perrin W., Pickens A., Primus E.L., Pu L.-L., Puazo M., Quiles M.M., RA Quiroz J.B., Rabata D., Reeves K., Ruiz S.J., Shao H., Sisson I., RA Sonaike T., Sorelle R.P., Sutton A.E., Svatek A.F., Svetz L.A., RA Tamerisa K.S., Taylor T.R., Teague B., Thomas N., Thorn R.D., RA Trejos Z.Y., Trevino B.K., Ukegbu O.N., Urban J.B., Vasquez L.I., RA Vera V.A., Villasana D.M., Wang L., Ward-Moore S., Warren J.T., RA Wei X., White F., Williamson A.L., Wleczyk R., Wooden H.S., RA Wooden S.H., Yen J., Yoon L., Yoon V., Zorrilla S.E., Nelson D., RA Kucherlapati R., Weinstock G., Gibbs R.A.; RT "The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12."; RL Nature 440:346-351(2006). RN [6] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-27, CLEAVAGE OF INITIATOR METHIONINE, RP ACETYLATION AT SER-2, AND MASS SPECTROMETRY. RC TISSUE=Hepatoma; RA Bienvenut W.V., Fleming J., Leug H.Y.; RL Submitted (JAN-2010) to UniProtKB. RN [7] RP CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION WITH LPP. RX MEDLINE=98446081; PubMed=9772904; DOI=10.1016/S0165-4608(98)00038-7; RA Petit M.M., Swarts S., Bridge J.A., Van de Ven W.J.M.; RT "Expression of reciprocal fusion transcripts of the HMGIC and LPP RT genes in parosteal lipoma."; RL Cancer Genet. Cytogenet. 106:18-23(1998). RN [8] RP CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION WITH RAD51L1. RX MEDLINE=99107195; PubMed=9892177; RA Schoenmakers E.F.P.M., Huysmans C., Van de Ven W.J.M.; RT "Allelic knockout of novel splice variants of human recombination RT repair gene RAD51B in t(12;14) uterine leiomyomas."; RL Cancer Res. 59:19-23(1999). RN [9] RP CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION WITH LPP. RX PubMed=11066083; RX DOI=10.1002/1098-2264(2000)9999:9999<1::AID-GCC1043>3.3.CO;2-E; RA Rogalla P., Lemke I., Kazmierczak B., Bullerdiek J.; RT "An identical HMGIC-LPP fusion transcript is consistently expressed in RT pulmonary chondroid hamartomas with t(3;12)(q27-28;q14-15)."; RL Genes Chromosomes Cancer 29:363-366(2000). RN [10] RP CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION WITH RAD51L1. RX MEDLINE=22535398; PubMed=12649198; RA Quade B.J., Weremowicz S., Neskey D.M., Vanni R., Ladd C., Dal Cin P., RA Morton C.C.; RT "Fusion transcripts involving HMGA2 are not a common molecular RT mechanism in uterine leiomyomata with rearrangements in 12q15."; RL Cancer Res. 63:1351-1358(2003). RN [11] RP FUNCTION, AND INTERACTION WITH E4F1. RX PubMed=14645522; DOI=10.1128/MCB.23.24.9104-9116.2003; RA Tessari M.A., Gostissa M., Altamura S., Sgarra R., Rustighi A., RA Salvagno C., Caretti G., Imbriano C., Mantovani R., Del Sal G., RA Giancotti V., Manfioletti G.; RT "Transcriptional activation of the cyclin A gene by the architectural RT transcription factor HMGA2."; RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 23:9104-9116(2003). RN [12] RP INVOLVEMENT IN STQTL9. RX PubMed=17767157; DOI=10.1038/ng2121; RG The Diabetes Genetics Initiative; RG The Wellcome Trust case control consortium; RA Weedon M.N., Lettre G., Freathy R.M., Lindgren C.M., Voight B.F., RA Perry J.R.B., Elliott K.S., Hackett R., Guiducci C., Shields B., RA Zeggini E., Lango H., Lyssenko V., Timpson N.J., Burtt N.P., RA Rayner N.W., Saxena R., Ardlie K., Tobias J.H., Ness A.R., Ring S.M., RA Palmer C.N.A., Morris A.D., Peltonen L., Salomaa V., Smith G.D., RA Groop L.C., Hattersley A.T., McCarthy M.I., Hirschhorn J.N., RA Frayling T.M.; RT "A common variant of HMGA2 is associated with adult and childhood RT height in the general population."; RL Nat. Genet. 39:1245-1250(2007). RN [13] RP PHOSPHORYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT SER-14; THR-40 AND SER-44, RP AND MASS SPECTROMETRY. RC TISSUE=Embryonic kidney; RX PubMed=19413330; DOI=10.1021/ac9004309; RA Gauci S., Helbig A.O., Slijper M., Krijgsveld J., Heck A.J., RA Mohammed S.; RT "Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in RT a refined SCX-based approach."; RL Anal. Chem. 81:4493-4501(2009). CC -!- FUNCTION: Functions as a transcriptional regulator. Functions in CC cell cycle regulation through CCNA2. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with E4F1. CC -!- INTERACTION: CC Q96LA8:PRMT6; NbExp=1; IntAct=EBI-912511, EBI-912440; CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Nucleus. CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Expressed predominantly during embryogenesis. CC -!- PTM: Regulated by cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation which CC alters its DNA binding affinity. CC -!- POLYMORPHISM: Genetic variations in HMGA2 define the stature CC quantitative trait locus 9 (STQTL9) [MIM:611547]. Human height is CC a classic, highly heritable quantitative trait. CC -!- DISEASE: Note=A chromosomal aberration involving HMGA2 is CC associated with a subclass of benign mesenchymal tumors known as CC lipomas. Translocation t(3;12)(q27-q28;q13-q15) with LPP is shown CC in lipomas. HMGA2 is also fused with a number of other genes in CC lipomas. CC -!- DISEASE: Note=A chromosomal aberration involving HMGA2 is CC associated with pulmonary chondroid hamartomas. Translocation CC t(3;12)(q27-q28;q14-q15) with LPP is detected in pulmonary CC chondroid hamartomas. CC -!- DISEASE: Note=A chromosomal aberration involving HMGA2 is CC associated with parosteal lipomas. Translocation t(3;12)(q28;q14) CC with LPP is also shown in one parosteal lipoma. CC -!- DISEASE: Note=A chromosomal aberration involving HMGA2 is found in CC uterine leiomyoma. Translocation t(12;14)(q15;q23-24) with CC RAD51L1. Chromosomal rearrangements involving HMGA2 do not seem to CC be the principle pathobiological mechanism in uterine leiomyoma. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the HMGA family. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Contains 3 A.T hook DNA-binding domains. CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology CC and Haematology; CC URL="http://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/Genes/HMGICID82.html"; CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; Z31595; CAA83472.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; U28749; AAA68613.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; U28754; AAA68614.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; U28750; AAA68614.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; U28751; AAA68614.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; U28752; AAA68614.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; U28753; AAA68614.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; L46353; AAA96484.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; L41044; AAA96484.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; L44578; AAA96484.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; X92518; CAA63295.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AC090673; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AC107308; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR IPI; IPI00005996; -. DR PIR; JC2232; JC2232. DR RefSeq; NP_003474.1; NM_003483.4. DR RefSeq; NP_003475.1; NM_003484.1. DR UniGene; Hs.505924; -. DR ProteinModelPortal; P52926; -. DR IntAct; P52926; 3. DR STRING; P52926; -. DR PhosphoSite; P52926; -. DR PRIDE; P52926; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000403681; ENSP00000384026; ENSG00000149948. DR GeneID; 8091; -. DR KEGG; hsa:8091; -. DR UCSC; uc001ssx.1; human. DR CTD; 8091; -. DR GeneCards; GC12P066218; -. DR H-InvDB; HIX0036730; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:5009; HMGA2. DR HPA; CAB017809; -. DR MIM; 150699; phenotype. DR MIM; 600698; gene. DR MIM; 611547; phenotype. DR PharmGKB; PA35093; -. DR HOVERGEN; HBG051913; -. DR OMA; TAPKKVE; -. DR OrthoDB; EOG9962B5; -. DR NextBio; 30727; -. DR ArrayExpress; P52926; -. DR Bgee; P52926; -. DR CleanEx; HS_HMGA2; -. DR Genevestigator; P52926; -. DR GO; GO:0000785; C:chromatin; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:0005634; C:nucleus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell. DR GO; GO:0003680; F:AT DNA binding; TAS:ProtInc. DR GO; GO:0005515; F:protein binding; IPI:IntAct. DR GO; GO:0051301; P:cell division; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0006325; P:chromatin organization; TAS:ProtInc. DR GO; GO:0007067; P:mitosis; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0007275; P:multicellular organismal development; TAS:ProtInc. DR GO; GO:0040008; P:regulation of growth; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0006355; P:regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent; TAS:ProtInc. DR InterPro; IPR020478; AT_hook-like. DR InterPro; IPR017956; AT_hook_DNA-bd_motif. DR InterPro; IPR000116; HMGI/HMGY. DR InterPro; IPR000637; HMGI/Y_DNA-bd_CS. DR Pfam; PF02178; AT_hook; 2. DR PRINTS; PR00929; ATHOOK. DR PRINTS; PR00930; HIGHMOBLTYIY. DR SMART; SM00384; AT_hook; 3. DR PROSITE; PS00354; HMGI_Y; 2. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Acetylation; Cell cycle; Cell division; Chromosomal rearrangement; KW Complete proteome; Direct protein sequencing; DNA-binding; KW Growth regulation; Mitosis; Nucleus; Phosphoprotein; Proto-oncogene; KW Repeat; Transcription; Transcription regulation. FT INIT_MET 1 1 Removed. FT CHAIN 2 109 High mobility group protein HMGI-C. FT /FTId=PRO_0000206711. FT DNA_BIND 24 34 A.T hook 1. FT DNA_BIND 44 54 A.T hook 2. FT DNA_BIND 71 82 A.T hook 3. FT REGION 44 63 Interaction with E4F1. FT MOD_RES 2 2 N-acetylserine. FT MOD_RES 14 14 Phosphoserine. FT MOD_RES 40 40 Phosphothreonine. FT MOD_RES 44 44 Phosphoserine. FT MOD_RES 105 105 Phosphoserine (By similarity). SQ SEQUENCE 109 AA; 11832 MW; F36BABE623DA4615 CRC64; MSARGEGAGQ PSTSAQGQPA APAPQKRGRG RPRKQQQEPT GEPSPKRPRG RPKGSKNKSP SKAAQKKAEA TGEKRPRGRP RKWPQQVVQK KPAQEETEET SSQESAEED //