ID PAT_ECOLI Reviewed; 459 AA. AC P42588; P78108; Q2M9D3; Q46873; DT 01-NOV-1995, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 09-JAN-2007, sequence version 2. DT 27-NOV-2024, entry version 170. DE RecName: Full=Putrescine aminotransferase {ECO:0000303|PubMed:12617754}; DE Short=PAT; DE Short=PATase {ECO:0000303|PubMed:25423189}; DE EC=2.6.1.82 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12617754, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3510672}; DE AltName: Full=Cadaverine transaminase {ECO:0000305|PubMed:12617754}; DE AltName: Full=Diamine transaminase; DE EC=2.6.1.29 {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12617754, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30498244, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3510672, ECO:0000305|PubMed:28522202}; DE AltName: Full=Putrescine transaminase {ECO:0000305|PubMed:12617754}; DE AltName: Full=Putrescine--2-oxoglutaric acid transaminase; DE AltName: Full=Putrescine:2-OG aminotransferase {ECO:0000303|PubMed:12617754}; GN Name=patA {ECO:0000303|PubMed:22636776}; Synonyms=ygjG; GN OrderedLocusNames=b3073, JW5510; OS Escherichia coli (strain K12). OC Bacteria; Pseudomonadota; Gammaproteobacteria; Enterobacterales; OC Enterobacteriaceae; Escherichia. OX NCBI_TaxID=83333; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=K12 / MG1655 / ATCC 47076; RX PubMed=9278503; DOI=10.1126/science.277.5331.1453; RA Blattner F.R., Plunkett G. III, Bloch C.A., Perna N.T., Burland V., RA Riley M., Collado-Vides J., Glasner J.D., Rode C.K., Mayhew G.F., RA Gregor J., Davis N.W., Kirkpatrick H.A., Goeden M.A., Rose D.J., Mau B., RA Shao Y.; RT "The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12."; RL Science 277:1453-1462(1997). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=K12 / W3110 / ATCC 27325 / DSM 5911; RX PubMed=16738553; DOI=10.1038/msb4100049; RA Hayashi K., Morooka N., Yamamoto Y., Fujita K., Isono K., Choi S., RA Ohtsubo E., Baba T., Wanner B.L., Mori H., Horiuchi T.; RT "Highly accurate genome sequences of Escherichia coli K-12 strains MG1655 RT and W3110."; RL Mol. Syst. Biol. 2:E1-E5(2006). RN [3] RP FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, AND PATHWAY. RX PubMed=3510672; DOI=10.1016/0304-4165(86)90085-1; RA Prieto-Santos M.I., Martin-Checa J., Balana-Fouce R., Garrido-Pertierra A.; RT "A pathway for putrescine catabolism in Escherichia coli."; RL Biochim. Biophys. Acta 880:242-244(1986). RN [4] RP FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, IDENTIFICATION OF START CODON, RP BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES, SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY, AND INDUCTION. RC STRAIN=K12 / MG1655 / ATCC 47076; RX PubMed=12617754; DOI=10.1186/1471-2180-3-2; RA Samsonova N.N., Smirnov S.V., Altman I.B., Ptitsyn L.R.; RT "Molecular cloning and characterization of Escherichia coli K12 ygjG RT gene."; RL BMC Microbiol. 3:2-2(2003). RN [5] RP SUBUNIT. RC STRAIN=K12; RX PubMed=22949197; DOI=10.1107/s1744309112030886; RA Yeo S.J., Jeong J.H., Yu S.N., Kim Y.G.; RT "Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of YgjG RT from Escherichia coli."; RL Acta Crystallogr. F 68:1070-1072(2012). RN [6] RP FUNCTION, PATHWAY, AND DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE. RC STRAIN=K12 / W3110 / ATCC 27325 / DSM 5911; RX PubMed=22636776; DOI=10.1128/jb.05063-11; RA Schneider B.L., Reitzer L.; RT "Pathway and enzyme redundancy in putrescine catabolism in Escherichia RT coli."; RL J. Bacteriol. 194:4080-4088(2012). RN [7] RP INDUCTION. RX PubMed=24906570; DOI=10.1007/s00203-014-0991-1; RA Kim Y.S., Shin H.C., Lee J.H.; RT "Two mechanisms for putrescine-dependent transcriptional expression of the RT putrescine aminotransferase gene, ygjG, in Escherichia coli."; RL Arch. Microbiol. 196:611-618(2014). RN [8] RP BIOTECHNOLOGY, AND CATALYTIC ACTIVITY. RX PubMed=28522202; DOI=10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.108; RA Jorge J.M.P., Perez-Garcia F., Wendisch V.F.; RT "A new metabolic route for the fermentative production of 5-aminovalerate RT from glucose and alternative carbon sources."; RL Bioresour. Technol. 245:1701-1709(2017). RN [9] RP FUNCTION, CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, AND PATHWAY. RX PubMed=30498244; DOI=10.1038/s41467-018-07563-6; RA Knorr S., Sinn M., Galetskiy D., Williams R.M., Wang C., Mueller N., RA Mayans O., Schleheck D., Hartig J.S.; RT "Widespread bacterial lysine degradation proceeding via glutarate and L-2- RT hydroxyglutarate."; RL Nat. Commun. 9:5071-5071(2018). RN [10] {ECO:0007744|PDB:4UOX, ECO:0007744|PDB:4UOY} RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.08 ANGSTROMS) IN COMPLEXES WITH PUTRESCINE AND RP PLP, COFACTOR, AND PYRIDOXAL-PHOSPHATE AT LYS-300. RX PubMed=25423189; DOI=10.1371/journal.pone.0113212; RA Cha H.J., Jeong J.H., Rojviriya C., Kim Y.G.; RT "Structure of putrescine aminotransferase from Escherichia coli provides RT insights into the substrate specificity among class III RT aminotransferases."; RL PLoS ONE 9:E113212-E113212(2014). RN [11] {ECO:0007744|PDB:5H7D, ECO:0007744|PDB:5X3F} RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY (2.57 ANGSTROMS) OF 7-453. RX PubMed=28572639; DOI=10.1038/s41598-017-02803-z; RA Youn S.J., Kwon N.Y., Lee J.H., Kim J.H., Choi J., Lee H., Lee J.O.; RT "Construction of novel repeat proteins with rigid and predictable RT structures using a shared helix method."; RL Sci. Rep. 7:2595-2595(2017). CC -!- FUNCTION: Catalyzes the aminotransferase reaction from putrescine to 2- CC oxoglutarate, leading to glutamate and 4-aminobutanal, which CC spontaneously cyclizes to form 1-pyrroline (PubMed:12617754, CC PubMed:3510672). This is the first step in one of two pathways for CC putrescine degradation, where putrescine is converted into 4- CC aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyrate or GABA) via 4-aminobutanal, which CC allows E.coli to grow on putrescine as the sole nitrogen source CC (PubMed:22636776, PubMed:3510672). Also functions as a cadaverine CC transaminase in a a L-lysine degradation pathway to succinate that CC proceeds via cadaverine, glutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate CC (PubMed:12617754, PubMed:30498244). Is also able to transaminate CC spermidine, in lower extent, but not ornithine. Alpha-ketobutyrate and CC pyruvate can also act as amino acceptors, although much less CC efficiently (PubMed:12617754). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12617754, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:22636776, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30498244, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:3510672}. CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=an alkane-alpha,omega-diamine + 2-oxoglutarate = an omega- CC aminoaldehyde + L-glutamate; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:18217, Rhea:RHEA- CC COMP:9766, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:12750, ChEBI:CHEBI:16810, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:29985, ChEBI:CHEBI:70977, ChEBI:CHEBI:133427; CC EC=2.6.1.29; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12617754, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:30498244, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3510672, CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:28522202}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:18218; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:12617754, ECO:0000305|PubMed:30498244, CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:3510672}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=putrescine + 2-oxoglutarate = 1-pyrroline + L-glutamate + H2O; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:12268, ChEBI:CHEBI:15377, ChEBI:CHEBI:16810, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:29985, ChEBI:CHEBI:36781, ChEBI:CHEBI:326268; CC EC=2.6.1.82; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12617754, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:3510672}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:12269; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:12617754, ECO:0000305|PubMed:3510672}; CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: CC Reaction=cadaverine + 2-oxoglutarate = 5-aminopentanal + L-glutamate; CC Xref=Rhea:RHEA:61624, ChEBI:CHEBI:16810, ChEBI:CHEBI:29985, CC ChEBI:CHEBI:58384, ChEBI:CHEBI:144896; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:12617754, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30498244, CC ECO:0000305|PubMed:28522202}; CC PhysiologicalDirection=left-to-right; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:61625; CC Evidence={ECO:0000305|PubMed:30498244}; CC -!- COFACTOR: CC Name=pyridoxal 5'-phosphate; Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:597326; CC Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:25423189}; CC -!- BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES: CC Kinetic parameters: CC KM=22.5 uM for putrescine {ECO:0000269|PubMed:3510672}; CC pH dependence: CC Optimum pH is 7.2 (PubMed:3510672). Optimum pH is 9.0. Active at CC alkaline pH. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12617754, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:3510672}; CC Temperature dependence: CC Optimum temperature is 60 degrees Celsius. Highly active from 20 to CC 80 degrees Celsius. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12617754}; CC -!- PATHWAY: Amine and polyamine degradation; putrescine degradation; 4- CC aminobutanal from putrescine (transaminase route): step 1/1. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22636776, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3510672}. CC -!- PATHWAY: Amino-acid degradation. {ECO:0000305|PubMed:30498244}. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22949197}. CC -!- INDUCTION: Up-regulated under nitrogen starvation conditions. CC Expression is sigma-54-dependent (PubMed:12617754). Up-regulated by CC putrescine; this gene expression regulation is controlled by at least CC two sigma factors: rpoS under excess nitrogen conditions and rpoN under CC nitrogen-starvation conditions (PubMed:24906570). CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12617754, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24906570}. CC -!- DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE: Cells lacking this gene show a high decrease in CC putrescine aminotransferase activity, but are still able to grow with CC putrescine as the sole nitrogen source. However, a mutant lacking both CC patA and either puuA, puuB or puuC cannot grow with putrescine as the CC sole nitrogen source. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22636776}. CC -!- BIOTECHNOLOGY: Can be used in the industrial production of the value- CC added compound 5-aminovalerate. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:28522202}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-III pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent CC aminotransferase family. Putrescine aminotransferase subfamily. CC {ECO:0000305}. CC -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION: CC Sequence=AAA57874.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; CC Sequence=AAA89152.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; CC Sequence=BAE77123.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; U18997; AAA57874.1; ALT_INIT; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; U28379; AAA89152.1; ALT_INIT; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; U00096; AAC76108.3; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AP009048; BAE77123.1; ALT_INIT; Genomic_DNA. DR PIR; F65095; F65095. DR RefSeq; NP_417544.5; NC_000913.3. DR RefSeq; WP_001301395.1; NZ_LN832404.1. DR PDB; 4UOX; X-ray; 2.08 A; A/B/C/D=1-459. DR PDB; 4UOY; X-ray; 2.30 A; A/B/C/D=1-459. DR PDB; 5H7D; X-ray; 2.57 A; A/B/C/D/I/J/M/N=7-453. DR PDB; 5X3F; X-ray; 3.38 A; A=7-453. DR PDB; 8CPL; X-ray; 1.60 A; A/B/C/D=7-457. DR PDBsum; 4UOX; -. DR PDBsum; 4UOY; -. DR PDBsum; 5H7D; -. DR PDBsum; 5X3F; -. DR PDBsum; 8CPL; -. DR AlphaFoldDB; P42588; -. DR SMR; P42588; -. DR BioGRID; 4262398; 14. DR DIP; DIP-12233N; -. DR IntAct; P42588; 1. DR MINT; P42588; -. DR STRING; 511145.b3073; -. DR jPOST; P42588; -. DR PaxDb; 511145-b3073; -. DR EnsemblBacteria; AAC76108; AAC76108; b3073. DR GeneID; 947120; -. DR KEGG; ecj:JW5510; -. DR KEGG; eco:b3073; -. DR KEGG; ecoc:C3026_16785; -. DR PATRIC; fig|511145.12.peg.3167; -. DR EchoBASE; EB2577; -. DR eggNOG; COG4992; Bacteria. DR HOGENOM; CLU_016922_10_0_6; -. DR InParanoid; P42588; -. DR OMA; KWFAFQH; -. DR PhylomeDB; P42588; -. DR BioCyc; EcoCyc:G7596-MONOMER; -. DR BioCyc; MetaCyc:G7596-MONOMER; -. DR BRENDA; 2.6.1.82; 2026. DR SABIO-RK; P42588; -. DR UniPathway; UPA00188; UER00290. DR EvolutionaryTrace; P42588; -. DR PRO; PR:P42588; -. DR Proteomes; UP000000318; Chromosome. DR Proteomes; UP000000625; Chromosome. DR GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IDA:EcoCyc. DR GO; GO:0019161; F:diamine transaminase activity; IEA:UniProtKB-EC. DR GO; GO:0042802; F:identical protein binding; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0042803; F:protein homodimerization activity; IDA:EcoCyc. DR GO; GO:0033094; F:putrescine--2-oxoglutarate transaminase activity; IDA:EcoCyc. DR GO; GO:0030170; F:pyridoxal phosphate binding; IDA:EcoCyc. DR GO; GO:0019477; P:L-lysine catabolic process; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule. DR GO; GO:0009447; P:putrescine catabolic process; IDA:EcoCyc. DR CDD; cd00610; OAT_like; 1. DR FunFam; 3.40.640.10:FF:000004; Acetylornithine aminotransferase; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.90.1150.10; Aspartate Aminotransferase, domain 1; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.40.640.10; Type I PLP-dependent aspartate aminotransferase-like (Major domain); 1. DR HAMAP; MF_01276; Putres_aminotrans_3; 1. DR InterPro; IPR005814; Aminotrans_3. DR InterPro; IPR049704; Aminotrans_3_PPA_site. DR InterPro; IPR050103; Class-III_PLP-dep_AT. DR InterPro; IPR017747; Putrescine_aminotransferase. DR InterPro; IPR015424; PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase. DR InterPro; IPR015421; PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_major. DR InterPro; IPR015422; PyrdxlP-dep_Trfase_small. DR NCBIfam; TIGR03372; putres_am_tran; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR11986; AMINOTRANSFERASE CLASS III; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR11986:SF112; PUTRESCINE AMINOTRANSFERASE; 1. DR Pfam; PF00202; Aminotran_3; 1. DR PIRSF; PIRSF000521; Transaminase_4ab_Lys_Orn; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF53383; PLP-dependent transferases; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00600; AA_TRANSFER_CLASS_3; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW 3D-structure; Aminotransferase; Pyridoxal phosphate; Reference proteome; KW Transferase. FT CHAIN 1..459 FT /note="Putrescine aminotransferase" FT /id="PRO_0000120507" FT BINDING 150..151 FT /ligand="pyridoxal 5'-phosphate" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:597326" FT /ligand_note="ligand shared between dimeric partners" FT /note="in other chain" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:25423189" FT BINDING 274 FT /ligand="pyridoxal 5'-phosphate" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:597326" FT /ligand_note="ligand shared between dimeric partners" FT /note="in other chain" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:25423189" FT BINDING 332 FT /ligand="pyridoxal 5'-phosphate" FT /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:597326" FT /ligand_note="ligand shared between dimeric partners" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:25423189" FT MOD_RES 300 FT /note="N6-(pyridoxal phosphate)lysine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:25423189, FT ECO:0007744|PDB:4UOY" FT HELIX 10..22 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 28..45 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 48..56 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 60..62 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 66..70 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 75..78 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 83..88 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT TURN 89..93 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 101..113 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 119..122 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 124..136 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 141..149 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 150..165 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT TURN 166..169 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 172..176 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 185..190 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 194..197 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 198..200 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 207..210 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 215..228 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 232..237 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 239..241 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT TURN 242..245 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 253..264 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 267..271 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT TURN 273..280 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 281..284 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 285..287 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT TURN 288..290 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 294..298 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 300..303 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT TURN 304..306 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 310..315 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 316..319 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 320..322 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 323..325 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOY" FT HELIX 337..352 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 355..376 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT TURN 378..380 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 381..387 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 390..397 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 398..410 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT STRAND 416..418 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOY" FT STRAND 419..427 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" FT HELIX 435..456 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4UOX" SQ SEQUENCE 459 AA; 49661 MW; 0B4D42A24627335D CRC64; MNRLPSSASA LACSAHALNL IEKRTLDHEE MKALNREVIE YFKEHVNPGF LEYRKSVTAG GDYGAVEWQA GSLNTLVDTQ GQEFIDCLGG FGIFNVGHRN PVVVSAVQNQ LAKQPLHSQE LLDPLRAMLA KTLAALTPGK LKYSFFCNSG TESVEAALKL AKAYQSPRGK FTFIATSGAF HGKSLGALSA TAKSTFRKPF MPLLPGFRHV PFGNIEAMRT ALNECKKTGD DVAAVILEPI QGEGGVILPP PGYLTAVRKL CDEFGALMIL DEVQTGMGRT GKMFACEHEN VQPDILCLAK ALGGGVMPIG ATIATEEVFS VLFDNPFLHT TTFGGNPLAC AAALATINVL LEQNLPAQAE QKGDMLLDGF RQLAREYPDL VQEARGKGML MAIEFVDNEI GYNFASEMFR QRVLVAGTLN NAKTIRIEPP LTLTIEQCEL VIKAARKALA AMRVSVEEA //