ID SYG_HUMAN STANDARD; PRT; 739 AA. AC P41250; Q969Y1; DT 01-FEB-1995 (Rel. 31, Created) DT 28-FEB-2003 (Rel. 41, Last sequence update) DT 25-OCT-2004 (Rel. 45, Last annotation update) DE Glycyl-tRNA synthetase (EC 6.1.1.14) (Glycine--tRNA ligase) (GlyRS). GN Name=GARS; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; OC Mammalia; Eutheria; Primates; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP SEQUENCE FROM N.A. RX MEDLINE=95050870; PubMed=7962006; RA Shiba K., Schimmel P., Motegi H., Noda T.; RT "Human glycyl-tRNA synthetase. Wide divergence of primary structure RT from bacterial counterpart and species-specific aminoacylation."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 269:30049-30055(1994). RN [2] RP SEQUENCE FROM N.A. RX MEDLINE=95273165; PubMed=7753621; RA Williams J.H., Osvath S.R., Khong T.-F., Pearse M.J., Power D.A.; RT "Cloning, sequencing and bacterial expression of human glycine tRNA RT synthetase."; RL Nucleic Acids Res. 23:1307-1310(1995). RN [3] RP SEQUENCE FROM N.A. RC TISSUE=Eye, and Muscle; RX MEDLINE=22388257; PubMed=12477932; DOI=10.1073/pnas.242603899; RA Strausberg R.L., Feingold E.A., Grouse L.H., Derge J.G., RA Klausner R.D., Collins F.S., Wagner L., Shenmen C.M., Schuler G.D., RA Altschul S.F., Zeeberg B., Buetow K.H., Schaefer C.F., Bhat N.K., RA Hopkins R.F., Jordan H., Moore T., Max S.I., Wang J., Hsieh F., RA Diatchenko L., Marusina K., Farmer A.A., Rubin G.M., Hong L., RA Stapleton M., Soares M.B., Bonaldo M.F., Casavant T.L., Scheetz T.E., RA Brownstein M.J., Usdin T.B., Toshiyuki S., Carninci P., Prange C., RA Raha S.S., Loquellano N.A., Peters G.J., Abramson R.D., Mullahy S.J., RA Bosak S.A., McEwan P.J., McKernan K.J., Malek J.A., Gunaratne P.H., RA Richards S., Worley K.C., Hale S., Garcia A.M., Gay L.J., Hulyk S.W., RA Villalon D.K., Muzny D.M., Sodergren E.J., Lu X., Gibbs R.A., RA Fahey J., Helton E., Ketteman M., Madan A., Rodrigues S., Sanchez A., RA Whiting M., Madan A., Young A.C., Shevchenko Y., Bouffard G.G., RA Blakesley R.W., Touchman J.W., Green E.D., Dickson M.C., RA Rodriguez A.C., Grimwood J., Schmutz J., Myers R.M., RA Butterfield Y.S.N., Krzywinski M.I., Skalska U., Smailus D.E., RA Schnerch A., Schein J.E., Jones S.J.M., Marra M.A.; RT "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human RT and mouse cDNA sequences."; RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99:16899-16903(2002). RN [4] RP SEQUENCE OF 3-739 FROM N.A. RX MEDLINE=95050687; PubMed=7961834; RA Ge Q., Trieu E.P., Targoff I.N.; RT "Primary structure and functional expression of human glycyl-tRNA RT synthetase, an autoantigen in myositis."; RL J. Biol. Chem. 269:28790-28797(1994). RN [5] RP SEQUENCE OF 348-739 FROM N.A. RA Andrews S., Langston Y., Stoneking T., Maupin R.; RL Submitted (JUN-1998) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [6] RP VARIANTS CMT2D GLY-125 AND ARG-294, VARIANTS DSMA-V PRO-183 AND RP ARG-580, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY. RX PubMed=12690580; RA Antonellis A., Ellsworth R.E., Sambuughin N., Puls I., Abel A., RA Lee-Lin S.Q., Jordanova A., Kremensky I., Christodoulou K., RA Middleton L.T., Sivakumar K., Ionasescu V., Funalot B., Vance J.M., RA Goldfarb L.G., Fischbeck K.H., Green E.D.; RT "Glycyl tRNA synthetase mutations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type RT 2D and distal spinal muscular atrophy type V."; RL Am. J. Hum. Genet. 72:1293-1299(2003). CC -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY: ATP + glycine + tRNA(Gly) = AMP + diphosphate CC + glycyl-tRNA(Gly). CC -!- SUBUNIT: Homodimer. CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Widely expressed, including brain and spinal CC cord. CC -!- DISEASE: Defects in GARS are the cause of Charcot-Marie-Tooth CC disease type 2D (CMT2D) [MIM:601472]. CMT2D is an autosomal CC dominant form of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 (CMT2). CMT2, CC also known as hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy II (HMSN2), CC is a peripheral axonal neuropathy manifesting with progressive CC distal muscle weakness and atrophy. It is characterized by signs CC of axonal regeneration in the absence of obvious myelin CC alterations. Nerve conduction velocities are normal or slightly CC reduced. CMT2D is characterized by a more severe phenotype in the CC upper extremities that generally affects the thenar eminence and CC first dorsal interosseous muscle groups. CC -!- DISEASE: Defects in GARS are the cause of distal spinal muscular CC atrophy type V (DSMA-V) [MIM:600794]. DSMA-V is an autosomal CC dominant distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) with a CC phenotype similar to CMTD2. The main characteristic that CC distinguishes these disorders is the less severe distal sensory CC involvement in DSMA-V patients. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the class-II aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase CC family. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Contains 1 WHEP-TRS domain. CC -!- DATABASE: NAME=Inherited peripheral neuropathies mutation db; CC WWW="http://molgen-www.uia.ac.be/CMTMutations/". CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; D30658; BAA06338.1; -. DR EMBL; U09510; AAA86443.1; ALT_INIT. DR EMBL; BC007722; AAH07722.1; -. DR EMBL; BC007755; AAH07755.1; -. DR EMBL; U09587; AAA57001.1; ALT_INIT. DR EMBL; AC004976; AAC71652.1; -. DR PIR; A55314; A55314. DR HSSP; P07814; 1FYJ. DR Genew; HGNC:4162; GARS. DR H-InvDB; HIX0006570; -. DR MIM; 600287; -. DR MIM; 600794; -. DR MIM; 601472; -. DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; TAS. DR GO; GO:0005625; C:soluble fraction; TAS. DR GO; GO:0004820; F:glycine-tRNA ligase activity; TAS. DR InterPro; IPR004154; HGTP_anticodon. DR InterPro; IPR009068; S15/NS1_bind. DR InterPro; IPR002314; tRNA-synt_2b. DR InterPro; IPR002315; tRNA-synt_gly. DR InterPro; IPR006195; tRNA_ligase_II. DR InterPro; IPR000738; WHEP-TRS. DR Pfam; PF03129; HGTP_anticodon; 1. DR Pfam; PF00587; tRNA-synt_2b; 1. DR Pfam; PF00458; WHEP-TRS; 1. DR PRINTS; PR01043; TRNASYNTHGLY. DR TIGRFAMs; TIGR00389; glyS_dimeric; 1. DR PROSITE; PS50862; AA_TRNA_LIGASE_II; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00762; WHEP_TRS; 1. KW Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase; ATP-binding; Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; KW Disease mutation; Ligase; Protein biosynthesis. FT DOMAIN 74 119 WHEP-TRS. FT VARIANT 125 125 E -> G (in CMT2D; phenotype overlapping FT with DSMA-V). FT /FTId=VAR_018718. FT VARIANT 183 183 L -> P (in DSMA-V). FT /FTId=VAR_018719. FT VARIANT 294 294 G -> R (in CMT2D). FT /FTId=VAR_018720. FT VARIANT 580 580 G -> R (in DSMA-V). FT /FTId=VAR_018721. FT CONFLICT 530 530 M -> I (in Ref. 2). SQ SEQUENCE 739 AA; 83139 MW; 55DDD57119F438E5 CRC64; MPSPRPVLLR GARAALLLLL PPRLLARPSL LLRRSLSAAS CAPISLPAAA SRSSMDGAGA EEVLAPLRLA VRQQGDLVRK LKEDKAPQVD VDKAVAELKA RKRVLEAKEL ALQPKDDIVD RAKMEDTLKR RFFYDQAFAI YGGVSGLYDF GPVGCALKNN IIQTWRQHFI QEEQILEIDC TMLTPEPVLK TSGHVDKFAD FMVKDVKNGE CFRADHLLKA HLQKLMSDKK CSVEKKSEME SVLAQLDNYG QQELADLFVN YNVKSPITGN DLSPPVSFNL MFKTFIGPGG NMPGYLRPET AQGIFLNFKR LLEFNQGKLP FAAAQIGNSF RNEISPRSGL IRVREFTMAE IEHFVDPSEK DHPKFQNVAD LHLYLYSAKA QVSGQSARKM RLGDAVEQGV INNTVLGYFI GRIYLYLTKV GISPDKLRFR QHMENEMAHY ACDCWDAESK TSYGWIEIVG CADRSCYDLS CHARATKVPL VAEKPLKEPK TVNVVQFEPS KGAIGKAYKK DAKLVMEYLA ICDECYITEM EMLLNEKGEF TIETEGKTFQ LTKDMINVKR FQKTLYVEEV VPNVIEPSFG LGRIMYTVFE HTFHVREGDE QRTFFSFPAV VAPFKCSVLP LSQNQEFMPF VKELSEALTR HGVSHKVDDS SGSIGRRYAR TDEIGVAFGV TIDFDTVNKT PHTATLRDRD SMRQIRAEIS ELPSIVQDLA NGNITWADVE ARYPLFEGQE TGKKETIEE //