ID PENK_MOUSE Reviewed; 268 AA. AC P22005; Q68G73; DT 01-AUG-1991, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 16-JUN-2009, sequence version 2. DT 03-AUG-2022, entry version 152. DE RecName: Full=Proenkephalin-A {ECO:0000305}; DE Contains: DE RecName: Full=Synenkephalin; DE Contains: DE RecName: Full=Met-enkephalin; DE AltName: Full=Opioid growth factor; DE Short=OGF; DE Contains: DE RecName: Full=PENK(114-133) {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04094}; DE Contains: DE RecName: Full=PENK(143-184) {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04094}; DE Contains: DE RecName: Full=Met-enkephalin-Arg-Ser-Leu; DE Contains: DE RecName: Full=Leu-enkephalin; DE Contains: DE RecName: Full=PENK(238-259) {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04094}; DE Contains: DE RecName: Full=Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe {ECO:0000303|PubMed:35201898}; DE Flags: Precursor; GN Name=Penk; Synonyms=Penk1; OS Mus musculus (Mouse). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; OC Murinae; Mus; Mus. OX NCBI_TaxID=10090; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], TISSUE SPECIFICITY, AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE. RC TISSUE=Testis; RX PubMed=2355920; DOI=10.1128/mcb.10.7.3717-3726.1990; RA Kilpatrick D.L., Zinn S.A., Fitzgerald M., Higuchi H., Sabol S.L., RA Meyerhardt J.; RT "Transcription of the rat and mouse proenkephalin genes is initiated at RT distinct sites in spermatogenic and somatic cells."; RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:3717-3726(1990). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC STRAIN=C57BL/6J; TISSUE=Testis; RX PubMed=16141072; DOI=10.1126/science.1112014; RA Carninci P., Kasukawa T., Katayama S., Gough J., Frith M.C., Maeda N., RA Oyama R., Ravasi T., Lenhard B., Wells C., Kodzius R., Shimokawa K., RA Bajic V.B., Brenner S.E., Batalov S., Forrest A.R., Zavolan M., Davis M.J., RA Wilming L.G., Aidinis V., Allen J.E., Ambesi-Impiombato A., Apweiler R., RA Aturaliya R.N., Bailey T.L., Bansal M., Baxter L., Beisel K.W., Bersano T., RA Bono H., Chalk A.M., Chiu K.P., Choudhary V., Christoffels A., RA Clutterbuck D.R., Crowe M.L., Dalla E., Dalrymple B.P., de Bono B., RA Della Gatta G., di Bernardo D., Down T., Engstrom P., Fagiolini M., RA Faulkner G., Fletcher C.F., Fukushima T., Furuno M., Futaki S., RA Gariboldi M., Georgii-Hemming P., Gingeras T.R., Gojobori T., Green R.E., RA Gustincich S., Harbers M., Hayashi Y., Hensch T.K., Hirokawa N., Hill D., RA Huminiecki L., Iacono M., Ikeo K., Iwama A., Ishikawa T., Jakt M., RA Kanapin A., Katoh M., Kawasawa Y., Kelso J., Kitamura H., Kitano H., RA Kollias G., Krishnan S.P., Kruger A., Kummerfeld S.K., Kurochkin I.V., RA Lareau L.F., Lazarevic D., Lipovich L., Liu J., Liuni S., McWilliam S., RA Madan Babu M., Madera M., Marchionni L., Matsuda H., Matsuzawa S., Miki H., RA Mignone F., Miyake S., Morris K., Mottagui-Tabar S., Mulder N., Nakano N., RA Nakauchi H., Ng P., Nilsson R., Nishiguchi S., Nishikawa S., Nori F., RA Ohara O., Okazaki Y., Orlando V., Pang K.C., Pavan W.J., Pavesi G., RA Pesole G., Petrovsky N., Piazza S., Reed J., Reid J.F., Ring B.Z., RA Ringwald M., Rost B., Ruan Y., Salzberg S.L., Sandelin A., Schneider C., RA Schoenbach C., Sekiguchi K., Semple C.A., Seno S., Sessa L., Sheng Y., RA Shibata Y., Shimada H., Shimada K., Silva D., Sinclair B., Sperling S., RA Stupka E., Sugiura K., Sultana R., Takenaka Y., Taki K., Tammoja K., RA Tan S.L., Tang S., Taylor M.S., Tegner J., Teichmann S.A., Ueda H.R., RA van Nimwegen E., Verardo R., Wei C.L., Yagi K., Yamanishi H., RA Zabarovsky E., Zhu S., Zimmer A., Hide W., Bult C., Grimmond S.M., RA Teasdale R.D., Liu E.T., Brusic V., Quackenbush J., Wahlestedt C., RA Mattick J.S., Hume D.A., Kai C., Sasaki D., Tomaru Y., Fukuda S., RA Kanamori-Katayama M., Suzuki M., Aoki J., Arakawa T., Iida J., Imamura K., RA Itoh M., Kato T., Kawaji H., Kawagashira N., Kawashima T., Kojima M., RA Kondo S., Konno H., Nakano K., Ninomiya N., Nishio T., Okada M., Plessy C., RA Shibata K., Shiraki T., Suzuki S., Tagami M., Waki K., Watahiki A., RA Okamura-Oho Y., Suzuki H., Kawai J., Hayashizaki Y.; RT "The transcriptional landscape of the mammalian genome."; RL Science 309:1559-1563(2005). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=C57BL/6J; RX PubMed=19468303; DOI=10.1371/journal.pbio.1000112; RA Church D.M., Goodstadt L., Hillier L.W., Zody M.C., Goldstein S., She X., RA Bult C.J., Agarwala R., Cherry J.L., DiCuccio M., Hlavina W., Kapustin Y., RA Meric P., Maglott D., Birtle Z., Marques A.C., Graves T., Zhou S., RA Teague B., Potamousis K., Churas C., Place M., Herschleb J., Runnheim R., RA Forrest D., Amos-Landgraf J., Schwartz D.C., Cheng Z., Lindblad-Toh K., RA Eichler E.E., Ponting C.P.; RT "Lineage-specific biology revealed by a finished genome assembly of the RT mouse."; RL PLoS Biol. 7:E1000112-E1000112(2009). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RA Mural R.J., Adams M.D., Myers E.W., Smith H.O., Venter J.C.; RL Submitted (SEP-2005) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases. RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Testis; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [6] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA] OF 29-268. RC TISSUE=T-cell; RX PubMed=2938259; DOI=10.1126/science.2938259; RA Zurawski G., Benedik M., Kamb B.J., Abrams J.S., Zurawski S.M., Lee F.D.; RT "Activation of mouse T-helper cells induces abundant preproenkephalin mRNA RT synthesis."; RL Science 232:772-775(1986). RN [7] RP FUNCTION (MET-ENKEPHALIN-ARG-PHE). RX PubMed=6933569; DOI=10.1073/pnas.77.9.5512; RA Inturrisi C.E., Umans J.G., Wolff D., Stern A.S., Lewis R.V., Stein S., RA Udenfriend S.; RT "Analgesic activity of the naturally occurring heptapeptide RT [Met]enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7."; RL Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77:5512-5514(1980). RN [8] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Brain; RX PubMed=21183079; DOI=10.1016/j.cell.2010.12.001; RA Huttlin E.L., Jedrychowski M.P., Elias J.E., Goswami T., Rad R., RA Beausoleil S.A., Villen J., Haas W., Sowa M.E., Gygi S.P.; RT "A tissue-specific atlas of mouse protein phosphorylation and expression."; RL Cell 143:1174-1189(2010). RN [9] RP FUNCTION (MET-ENKEPHALIN-ARG-PHE), AND PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE RP (MET-ENKEPHALIN-ARG-PHE). RX PubMed=35201898; DOI=10.1126/science.abl5130; RA Trieu B.H., Remmers B.C., Toddes C., Brandner D.D., Lefevre E.M., RA Kocharian A., Retzlaff C.L., Dick R.M., Mashal M.A., Gauthier E.A., Xie W., RA Zhang Y., More S.S., Rothwell P.E.; RT "Angiotensin-converting enzyme gates brain circuit-specific plasticity via RT an endogenous opioid."; RL Science 2022:eabl5130-eabl5130(2022). CC -!- FUNCTION: [Met-enkephalin]: Neuropeptide that competes with and mimic CC the effects of opiate drugs. They play a role in a number of CC physiologic functions, including pain perception and responses to CC stress. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01210}. CC -!- FUNCTION: [Leu-enkephalin]: Neuropeptide that competes with and mimic CC the effects of opiate drugs. They play a role in a number of CC physiologic functions, including pain perception and responses to CC stress. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01210}. CC -!- FUNCTION: [Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe]: Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe neuropeptide CC acts as a strong ligand of Mu-type opioid receptor OPRM1 CC (PubMed:6933569, PubMed:35201898). Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe-binding to CC OPRM1 in the nucleus accumbens of the brain increases activation of CC OPRM1, leading to long-term synaptic depression of glutamate release CC (PubMed:35201898). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:35201898, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:6933569}. CC -!- FUNCTION: [PENK(114-133)]: Increases glutamate release in the striatum CC and decreases GABA concentration in the striatum. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04094}. CC -!- FUNCTION: [PENK(238-259)]: Increases glutamate release in the striatum. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04094}. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasmic vesicle, secretory vesicle, CC chromaffin granule lumen {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01211}. Secreted CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01211}. CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Spermatogenic and somatic cells. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2355920}. CC -!- DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE: Highest expression in late pachytene spermatocytes CC and postmeiotic round spermatids. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:2355920}. CC -!- PTM: Proenkephalin-A is cleaved by CTSL to generate Met-enkephalin. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01211}. CC -!- PTM: [Met-enkephalin]: Processed and degraded by ACE. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01210}. CC -!- PTM: [Leu-enkephalin]: Processed and degraded by ACE. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01210}. CC -!- PTM: [Met-enkephalin-Arg-Ser-Leu]: Probably cleaved by ACE. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01210}. CC -!- PTM: [Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe]: Processed by ACE to generate Met- CC enkephalin in the nucleus accumbens of the brain. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:35201898}. CC -!- PTM: The N-terminal domain contains 6 conserved cysteines thought to be CC involved in disulfide bonding and/or processing. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01210}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the opioid neuropeptide precursor family. CC {ECO:0000305}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; M55181; AAA40128.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AK161272; BAE36283.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BX004841; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; CH466538; EDL05699.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; CH466538; EDL05700.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC049766; AAH49766.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; M13227; AAA37553.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS17946.1; -. DR PIR; B35678; B35678. DR RefSeq; NP_001002927.1; NM_001002927.3. DR RefSeq; NP_001335138.1; NM_001348209.1. DR AlphaFoldDB; P22005; -. DR BioGRID; 202109; 1. DR STRING; 10090.ENSMUSP00000066822; -. DR GlyConnect; 2610; 1 N-Linked glycan (1 site). DR GlyGen; P22005; 1 site, 1 N-linked glycan (1 site). DR iPTMnet; P22005; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; P22005; -. DR CPTAC; non-CPTAC-3489; -. DR MaxQB; P22005; -. DR PaxDb; P22005; -. DR PeptideAtlas; P22005; -. DR PRIDE; P22005; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 288027; -. DR Antibodypedia; 2211; 395 antibodies from 36 providers. DR DNASU; 18619; -. DR Ensembl; ENSMUST00000070375; ENSMUSP00000066822; ENSMUSG00000045573. DR GeneID; 18619; -. DR KEGG; mmu:18619; -. DR UCSC; uc008rwz.1; mouse. DR CTD; 5179; -. DR MGI; MGI:104629; Penk. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSMUSG00000045573; -. DR eggNOG; ENOG502QWWK; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00950000183149; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_070973_0_0_1; -. DR InParanoid; P22005; -. DR OMA; CAACAYR; -. DR OrthoDB; 1149395at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; P22005; -. DR TreeFam; TF332620; -. DR Reactome; R-MMU-375276; Peptide ligand-binding receptors. DR Reactome; R-MMU-381426; Regulation of Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) transport and uptake by Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs). DR Reactome; R-MMU-418594; G alpha (i) signalling events. DR Reactome; R-MMU-8957275; Post-translational protein phosphorylation. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 18619; 3 hits in 71 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; Penk; mouse. DR PRO; PR:P22005; -. DR Proteomes; UP000000589; Chromosome 4. DR RNAct; P22005; protein. DR Bgee; ENSMUSG00000045573; Expressed in caudate-putamen and 255 other tissues. DR ExpressionAtlas; P22005; baseline and differential. DR Genevisible; P22005; MM. DR GO; GO:0030424; C:axon; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0043679; C:axon terminus; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0070852; C:cell body fiber; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0034466; C:chromaffin granule lumen; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell. DR GO; GO:0030425; C:dendrite; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell. DR GO; GO:0043025; C:neuronal cell body; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0099013; C:neuronal dense core vesicle lumen; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0043204; C:perikaryon; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0032280; C:symmetric synapse; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0034592; C:synaptic vesicle lumen; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0001515; F:opioid peptide activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0031628; F:opioid receptor binding; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0002118; P:aggressive behavior; IMP:MGI. DR GO; GO:0007568; P:aging; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0001662; P:behavioral fear response; IMP:MGI. DR GO; GO:0071320; P:cellular response to cAMP; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0034599; P:cellular response to oxidative stress; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0071560; P:cellular response to transforming growth factor beta stimulus; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0098586; P:cellular response to virus; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0071305; P:cellular response to vitamin D; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0007268; P:chemical synaptic transmission; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0051867; P:general adaptation syndrome, behavioral process; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0014009; P:glial cell proliferation; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0007626; P:locomotory behavior; IMP:MGI. DR GO; GO:0035641; P:locomotory exploration behavior; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0007218; P:neuropeptide signaling pathway; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0001649; P:osteoblast differentiation; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:2000987; P:positive regulation of behavioral fear response; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:1900452; P:regulation of long-term synaptic depression; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0009617; P:response to bacterium; IEP:MGI. DR GO; GO:0051592; P:response to calcium ion; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0071871; P:response to epinephrine; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0032355; P:response to estradiol; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0045471; P:response to ethanol; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0001666; P:response to hypoxia; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0032496; P:response to lipopolysaccharide; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0043278; P:response to morphine; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0035094; P:response to nicotine; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0009314; P:response to radiation; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0009636; P:response to toxic substance; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0007600; P:sensory perception; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0019233; P:sensory perception of pain; IMP:MGI. DR GO; GO:0001964; P:startle response; IMP:MGI. DR GO; GO:0099538; P:synaptic signaling via neuropeptide; ISO:MGI. DR InterPro; IPR006024; Opioid_neupept. DR InterPro; IPR000703; Proenkphlin_A. DR PANTHER; PTHR11438; PTHR11438; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR11438:SF3; PTHR11438:SF3; 1. DR Pfam; PF01160; Opiods_neuropep; 1. DR PRINTS; PR01028; OPIOIDPRCRSR. DR PRINTS; PR01029; PENKAPRCRSR. DR PROSITE; PS01252; OPIOIDS_PRECURSOR; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Cleavage on pair of basic residues; Cytoplasmic vesicle; Disulfide bond; KW Endorphin; Neuropeptide; Opioid peptide; Phosphoprotein; KW Reference proteome; Secreted; Signal. FT SIGNAL 1..24 FT PEPTIDE 25..97 FT /note="Synenkephalin" FT /id="PRO_0000008268" FT PEPTIDE 100..104 FT /note="Met-enkephalin" FT /id="PRO_0000008269" FT PEPTIDE 107..111 FT /note="Met-enkephalin" FT /id="PRO_0000008270" FT PEPTIDE 114..133 FT /note="PENK(114-133)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04094" FT /id="PRO_0000377694" FT PEPTIDE 136..140 FT /note="Met-enkephalin" FT /id="PRO_0000008272" FT PEPTIDE 143..184 FT /note="PENK(143-184)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04094" FT /id="PRO_0000377695" FT PEPTIDE 187..194 FT /note="Met-enkephalin-Arg-Ser-Leu" FT /id="PRO_0000008274" FT PROPEP 197..208 FT /id="PRO_0000008275" FT PEPTIDE 211..215 FT /note="Met-enkephalin" FT /id="PRO_0000008276" FT PROPEP 218..228 FT /id="PRO_0000008277" FT PEPTIDE 231..235 FT /note="Leu-enkephalin" FT /id="PRO_0000008278" FT PEPTIDE 238..259 FT /note="PENK(238-259)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04094" FT /id="PRO_0000377696" FT PEPTIDE 262..268 FT /note="Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe" FT /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:35201898" FT /id="PRO_0000008280" FT REGION 163..184 FT /note="Disordered" FT /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:MobiDB-lite" FT SITE 111..112 FT /note="Cleavage; by CTSL" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01211" FT SITE 112..113 FT /note="Cleavage; by CTSL" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01211" FT SITE 133..134 FT /note="Cleavage; by CTSL" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01211" FT SITE 215..216 FT /note="Cleavage; by CTSL" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01211" FT SITE 216..217 FT /note="Cleavage; by CTSL" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01211" FT SITE 219..220 FT /note="Cleavage; by CTSL" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01211" FT MOD_RES 252 FT /note="Phosphoserine" FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04094" FT DISULFID 26..48 FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01210" FT DISULFID 30..52 FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01210" FT DISULFID 33..65 FT /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01210" FT CONFLICT 34 FT /note="S -> T (in Ref. 1; AAA40128)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" FT CONFLICT 184 FT /note="S -> SS (in Ref. 1; AAA40128)" FT /evidence="ECO:0000305" SQ SEQUENCE 268 AA; 31004 MW; 637F848B49F44013 CRC64; MARFLRLCTW LLALGSCLLA TVQAECSQDC AKCSYRLVRP GDINFLACTL ECEGQLPSFK IWETCKDLLQ VSRPEFPWDN IDMYKDSSKQ DESHLLAKKY GGFMKRYGGF MKKMDELYPM EPEEEANGGE ILAKRYGGFM KKDADEGDTL ANSSDLLKEL LGTGDNRAKD SHQQESTNND EDMSKRYGGF MRSLKRSPQL EDEAKELQKR YGGFMRRVGR PEWWMDYQKR YGGFLKRFAE SLPSDEEGEN YSKEVPEIEK RYGGFMRF //