ID TBA3_MOUSE Reviewed; 450 AA. AC P05214; DT 13-AUG-1987, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 13-AUG-1987, sequence version 1. DT 16-JAN-2019, entry version 176. DE RecName: Full=Tubulin alpha-3 chain; DE AltName: Full=Alpha-tubulin 3/7; DE AltName: Full=Alpha-tubulin isotype M-alpha-3/7; DE AltName: Full=Tubulin alpha-3/alpha-7 chain; DE Contains: DE RecName: Full=Detyrosinated tubulin alpha-3 chain; GN Name=Tuba3a; Synonyms=Tuba3; GN and GN Name=Tuba3b; Synonyms=Tuba7; OS Mus musculus (Mouse). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; OC Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; OC Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Mus; Mus. OX NCBI_TaxID=10090; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY. RX PubMed=3785200; DOI=10.1128/MCB.6.7.2409; RA Villasante A., Wang D., Dobner P., Dolph P., Lewis S.A., Cowan N.J.; RT "Six mouse alpha-tubulin mRNAs encode five distinct isotypes: testis- RT specific expression of two sister genes."; RL Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:2409-2419(1986). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Testis; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA RT project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [3] RP PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 230-280, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY. RC TISSUE=Brain, and Hippocampus; RA Lubec G., Klug S., Yang J.W., Zigmond M.; RL Submitted (JUL-2007) to UniProtKB. RN [4] RP GLUTAMYLATION. RX PubMed=15890843; DOI=10.1126/science.1113010; RA Janke C., Rogowski K., Wloga D., Regnard C., Kajava A.V., Strub J.-M., RA Temurak N., van Dijk J., Boucher D., van Dorsselaer A., RA Suryavanshi S., Gaertig J., Edde B.; RT "Tubulin polyglutamylase enzymes are members of the TTL domain protein RT family."; RL Science 308:1758-1762(2005). RN [5] RP TYROSINATION. RX PubMed=16954346; DOI=10.1083/jcb.200512058; RA Peris L., Thery M., Faure J., Saoudi Y., Lafanechere L., Chilton J.K., RA Gordon-Weeks P., Galjart N., Bornens M., Wordeman L., Wehland J., RA Andrieux A., Job D.; RT "Tubulin tyrosination is a major factor affecting the recruitment of RT CAP-Gly proteins at microtubule plus ends."; RL J. Cell Biol. 174:839-849(2006). RN [6] RP GLYCYLATION. RX PubMed=19524510; DOI=10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.020; RA Rogowski K., Juge F., van Dijk J., Wloga D., Strub J.-M., RA Levilliers N., Thomas D., Bre M.-H., Van Dorsselaer A., Gaertig J., RA Janke C.; RT "Evolutionary divergence of enzymatic mechanisms for posttranslational RT polyglycylation."; RL Cell 137:1076-1087(2009). RN [7] RP TYROSINATION. RX PubMed=19564401; DOI=10.1083/jcb.200902142; RA Peris L., Wagenbach M., Lafanechere L., Brocard J., Moore A.T., RA Kozielski F., Job D., Wordeman L., Andrieux A.; RT "Motor-dependent microtubule disassembly driven by tubulin RT tyrosination."; RL J. Cell Biol. 185:1159-1166(2009). RN [8] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Testis; RX PubMed=21183079; DOI=10.1016/j.cell.2010.12.001; RA Huttlin E.L., Jedrychowski M.P., Elias J.E., Goswami T., Rad R., RA Beausoleil S.A., Villen J., Haas W., Sowa M.E., Gygi S.P.; RT "A tissue-specific atlas of mouse protein phosphorylation and RT expression."; RL Cell 143:1174-1189(2010). RN [9] RP DETYROSINATION. RX PubMed=26446751; DOI=10.1038/ncomms9526; RA Kerr J.P., Robison P., Shi G., Bogush A.I., Kempema A.M., Hexum J.K., RA Becerra N., Harki D.A., Martin S.S., Raiteri R., Prosser B.L., RA Ward C.W.; RT "Detyrosinated microtubules modulate mechanotransduction in heart and RT skeletal muscle."; RL Nat. Commun. 6:8526-8526(2015). RN [10] RP DETYROSINATION. RX PubMed=27102488; DOI=10.1126/science.aaf0659; RA Robison P., Caporizzo M.A., Ahmadzadeh H., Bogush A.I., Chen C.Y., RA Margulies K.B., Shenoy V.B., Prosser B.L.; RT "Detyrosinated microtubules buckle and bear load in contracting RT cardiomyocytes."; RL Science 352:417-428(2016). RN [11] RP DETYROSINATION. RX PubMed=29146868; DOI=10.1126/science.aao4165; RA Aillaud C., Bosc C., Peris L., Bosson A., Heemeryck P., Van Dijk J., RA Le Friec J., Boulan B., Vossier F., Sanman L.E., Syed S., Amara N., RA Coute Y., Lafanechere L., Denarier E., Delphin C., Pelletier L., RA Humbert S., Bogyo M., Andrieux A., Rogowski K., Moutin M.J.; RT "Vasohibins/SVBP are tubulin carboxypeptidases (TCPs) that regulate RT neuron differentiation."; RL Science 358:1448-1453(2017). CC -!- FUNCTION: Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It CC binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta CC chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha chain. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Dimer of alpha and beta chains. A typical microtubule is CC a hollow water-filled tube with an outer diameter of 25 nm and an CC inner diameter of 15 nM. Alpha-beta heterodimers associate head- CC to-tail to form protofilaments running lengthwise along the CC microtubule wall with the beta-tubulin subunit facing the CC microtubule plus end conferring a structural polarity. CC Microtubules usually have 13 protofilaments but different CC protofilament numbers can be found in some organisms and CC specialized cells. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. CC -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Alpha-3 and alpha-7 are identical but coded by CC two different genes, they are testis-specific. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:3785200}. CC -!- PTM: Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are polyglycylated, CC resulting in polyglycine chains on the gamma-carboxyl group. CC Glycylation is mainly limited to tubulin incorporated into CC axonemes (cilia and flagella) whereas glutamylation is prevalent CC in neuronal cells, centrioles, axonemes, and the mitotic spindle. CC Both modifications can coexist on the same protein on adjacent CC residues, and lowering polyglycylation levels increases CC polyglutamylation, and reciprocally. The precise function of CC polyglycylation is still unclear. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19524510}. CC -!- PTM: Some glutamate residues at the C-terminus are CC polyglutamylated, resulting in polyglutamate chains on the gamma- CC carboxyl group (PubMed:15890843). Polyglutamylation plays a key CC role in microtubule severing by spastin (SPAST). SPAST CC preferentially recognizes and acts on microtubules decorated with CC short polyglutamate tails: severing activity by SPAST increases as CC the number of glutamates per tubulin rises from one to eight, but CC decreases beyond this glutamylation threshold (By similarity). CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q71U36, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15890843}. CC -!- PTM: Acetylation of alpha chains at Lys-40 is located inside the CC microtubule lumen. This modification has been correlated with CC increased microtubule stability, intracellular transport and CC ciliary assembly. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q71U36}. CC -!- PTM: Methylation of alpha chains at Lys-40 is found in mitotic CC microtubules and is required for normal mitosis and cytokinesis CC contributing to genomic stability. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68363}. CC -!- PTM: Nitration of Tyr-450 is irreversible and interferes with CC normal dynein intracellular distribution. CC {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q71U36}. CC -!- PTM: Undergoes a tyrosination/detyrosination cycle, the cyclic CC removal and re-addition of a C-terminal tyrosine residue by the CC enzymes tubulin tyrosine carboxypeptidase (VASH1 or VASH2) and CC tubulin tyrosine ligase (TTL), respectively. CC {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16954346, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19564401, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:26446751, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27102488, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:29146868}. CC -!- PTM: Tubulin alpha-3 chain: Tyrosination promotes microtubule CC interaction with CAP-Gly domain-containing proteins such as CLIP1, CC CLIP2 and DCTN1 (PubMed:16954346, PubMed:19564401). Tyrosination CC regulates the initiation of dynein-dynactin motility via CC interaction with DCTN1, which brings the dynein-dynactin complex CC into contact with microtubules. In neurons, tyrosinated tubulins CC mediate the initiation of retrograde vesicle transport (By CC similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q71U36, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:16954346, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19564401}. CC -!- PTM: Detyrosinated tubulin alpha-3 chain: Detyrosination is CC involved in metaphase plate congression by guiding chromosomes CC during mitosis: detyrosination promotes interaction with CENPE, CC promoting pole-proximal transport of chromosomes toward the CC equator (By similarity). Detyrosination increases microtubules- CC dependent mechanotransduction in dystrophic cardiac and skeletal CC muscle (PubMed:26446751). In cardiomyocytes, detyrosinated CC microtubules are required to resist to contractile compression CC during contraction: detyrosination promotes association with CC desmin (DES) at force-generating sarcomeres, leading to buckled CC microtubules and mechanical resistance to contraction CC (PubMed:27102488). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q6PEY2, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:26446751, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27102488}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the tubulin family. {ECO:0000305}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; M13442; AAA40501.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; M13443; AAA40504.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC050769; AAH50769.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC050770; AAH50770.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS39640.1; -. DR CCDS; CCDS39707.1; -. DR PIR; I77426; I77426. DR RefSeq; NP_033472.1; NM_009446.3. DR RefSeq; NP_033475.1; NM_009449.3. DR UniGene; Mm.270295; -. DR UniGene; Mm.287784; -. DR ProteinModelPortal; P05214; -. DR SMR; P05214; -. DR BioGrid; 204374; 71. DR IntAct; P05214; 69. DR STRING; 10090.ENSMUSP00000085580; -. DR iPTMnet; P05214; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; P05214; -. DR REPRODUCTION-2DPAGE; P05214; -. DR jPOST; P05214; -. DR PaxDb; P05214; -. DR PeptideAtlas; P05214; -. DR PRIDE; P05214; -. DR Ensembl; ENSMUST00000087445; ENSMUSP00000084713; ENSMUSG00000067338. DR Ensembl; ENSMUST00000088246; ENSMUSP00000085580; ENSMUSG00000067702. DR GeneID; 22144; -. DR GeneID; 22147; -. DR KEGG; mmu:22144; -. DR KEGG; mmu:22147; -. DR UCSC; uc009dui.1; mouse. DR CTD; 22144; -. DR CTD; 22147; -. DR MGI; MGI:1095406; Tuba3a. DR MGI; MGI:1095408; Tuba3b. DR eggNOG; KOG1376; Eukaryota. DR eggNOG; COG5023; LUCA. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000153488; -. DR HOGENOM; HOG000165711; -. DR HOVERGEN; HBG000089; -. DR InParanoid; P05214; -. DR KO; K07374; -. DR OMA; YPAPTMA; -. DR OrthoDB; 514396at2759; -. DR PhylomeDB; P05214; -. DR TreeFam; TF300314; -. DR ChiTaRS; Tuba3a; mouse. DR PRO; PR:P05214; -. DR Proteomes; UP000000589; Chromosome 6. DR Bgee; ENSMUSG00000067338; Expressed in 24 organ(s), highest expression level in testis. DR CleanEx; MM_TUBA3A; -. DR CleanEx; MM_TUBA3B; -. DR ExpressionAtlas; P05214; baseline and differential. DR Genevisible; P05214; MM. DR GO; GO:0036064; C:ciliary basal body; IDA:MGI. DR GO; GO:0005929; C:cilium; IDA:MGI. DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0005874; C:microtubule; IDA:MGI. DR GO; GO:0015630; C:microtubule cytoskeleton; ISO:MGI. DR GO; GO:0005525; F:GTP binding; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0003924; F:GTPase activity; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:0005200; F:structural constituent of cytoskeleton; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0000226; P:microtubule cytoskeleton organization; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0007017; P:microtubule-based process; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0000278; P:mitotic cell cycle; IBA:GO_Central. DR Gene3D; 1.10.287.600; -; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.30.1330.20; -; 1. DR Gene3D; 3.40.50.1440; -; 1. DR InterPro; IPR002452; Alpha_tubulin. DR InterPro; IPR008280; Tub_FtsZ_C. DR InterPro; IPR000217; Tubulin. DR InterPro; IPR018316; Tubulin/FtsZ_2-layer-sand-dom. DR InterPro; IPR037103; Tubulin/FtsZ_C_sf. DR InterPro; IPR036525; Tubulin/FtsZ_GTPase_sf. DR InterPro; IPR023123; Tubulin_C. DR InterPro; IPR017975; Tubulin_CS. DR InterPro; IPR003008; Tubulin_FtsZ_GTPase. DR PANTHER; PTHR11588; PTHR11588; 1. DR Pfam; PF00091; Tubulin; 1. DR Pfam; PF03953; Tubulin_C; 1. DR PRINTS; PR01162; ALPHATUBULIN. DR PRINTS; PR01161; TUBULIN. DR SMART; SM00864; Tubulin; 1. DR SMART; SM00865; Tubulin_C; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF52490; SSF52490; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF55307; SSF55307; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00227; TUBULIN; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW Acetylation; Complete proteome; Cytoplasm; Cytoskeleton; KW Direct protein sequencing; GTP-binding; Methylation; Microtubule; KW Nitration; Nucleotide-binding; Phosphoprotein; Reference proteome. FT CHAIN 1 450 Tubulin alpha-3 chain. FT /FTId=PRO_0000048122. FT CHAIN 1 449 Detyrosinated tubulin alpha-3 chain. FT {ECO:0000305|PubMed:26446751, FT ECO:0000305|PubMed:27102488, FT ECO:0000305|PubMed:29146868}. FT /FTId=PRO_0000437401. FT NP_BIND 142 148 GTP. {ECO:0000255}. FT SITE 450 450 Involved in polymerization. FT {ECO:0000250}. FT MOD_RES 40 40 N6-acetyllysine. FT {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9BQE3}. FT MOD_RES 48 48 Phosphoserine. FT {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68366}. FT MOD_RES 83 83 Nitrated tyrosine. FT {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P68368}. FT MOD_RES 432 432 Phosphotyrosine. FT {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9BQE3}. FT MOD_RES 439 439 Phosphoserine. FT {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9BQE3}. FT MOD_RES 450 450 3'-nitrotyrosine. FT {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q71U36}. SQ SEQUENCE 450 AA; 49960 MW; 2A78714CBA782D55 CRC64; MRECISIHVG QAGVQIGNAC WELYCLEHGI QPDGQMPSDK TIGGGDDSFN TFFSETGAGK HVPRAVFVDL EPTVVDEVRT GTYRQLFHPE QLITGKEDAA NNYARGHYTI GKEIVDLVLD RIRKLADLCT GLQGFLIFHS FGGGTGSGFA SLLMERLSVD YGKKSKLEFA IYPAPQVSTA VVEPYNSILT THTTLEHSDC AFMVDNEAIY DICRRNLDIE RPTYTNLNRL IGQIVSSITA SLRFDGALNV DLTEFQTNLV PYPRIHFPLA TYAPVISAEK AYHEQLSVAE ITNACFEPAN QMVKCDPRHG KYMACCMLYR GDVVPKDVNA AIATIKTKRT IQFVDWCPTG FKVGINYQPP TVVPGGDLAK VQRAVCMLSN TTAIAEAWAR LDHKFDLMYA KRAFVHWYVG EGMEEGEFSE AREDLAALEK DYEEVGVDSV EAEAEEGEEY //