ID A9Y695_9HIV1 Unreviewed; 86 AA. AC A9Y695; DT 05-FEB-2008, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL. DT 05-FEB-2008, sequence version 1. DT 25-OCT-2017, entry version 40. DE RecName: Full=Protein Tat {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU003311, ECO:0000256|SAAS:SAAS00396010}; GN Name=tat {ECO:0000313|EMBL:ABW86719.1}; OS Human immunodeficiency virus 1. OC Viruses; Retro-transcribing viruses; Retroviridae; Orthoretrovirinae; OC Lentivirus; Primate lentivirus group. OX NCBI_TaxID=11676 {ECO:0000313|EMBL:ABW86719.1, ECO:0000313|Proteomes:UP000102958}; OH NCBI_TaxID=9606; Homo sapiens (Human). RN [1] {ECO:0000313|EMBL:ABW86719.1, ECO:0000313|Proteomes:UP000102958} RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RC STRAIN=ML1974 {ECO:0000313|EMBL:ABW86719.1}; RX PubMed=18544023; DOI=10.1089/aid.2007.0200; RA Land A.M., Ball T.B., Luo M., Rutherford J., Sarna C., Wachihi C., RA Kimani J., Plummer F.A.; RT "Full-length HIV type 1 proviral sequencing of 10 highly exposed women RT from Nairobi, Kenya reveals a high proportion of intersubtype RT recombinants."; RL AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 24:865-872(2008). CC -!- FUNCTION: Nuclear transcriptional activator of viral gene CC expression, that is essential for viral transcription from the LTR CC promoter and replication. Acts as a sequence-specific molecular CC adapter, directing components of the cellular transcription CC machinery to the viral RNA to promote processive transcription CC elongation by the RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) complex, thereby CC increasing the level of full-length transcripts. In the absence of CC Tat, the RNA Pol II generates short or non-processive transcripts CC that terminate at approximately 60 bp from the initiation site. CC Tat associates with the CCNT1/cyclin-T1 component of the P-TEFb CC complex (CDK9 and CCNT1), which promotes RNA chain elongation. CC This binding increases Tat's affinity for a hairpin structure at CC the 5'-end of all nascent viral mRNAs referred to as the CC transactivation responsive RNA element (TAR RNA) and allows Tat/P- CC TEFb complex to bind cooperatively to TAR RNA. The CDK9 component CC of P-TEFb and other Tat-activated kinases hyperphosphorylate the CC C-terminus of RNA Pol II that becomes stabilized and much more CC processive. {ECO:0000256|SAAS:SAAS00926575}. CC -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Host nucleus, host nucleolus CC {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU003311, ECO:0000256|SAAS:SAAS00581732}. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the lentiviruses Tat family. CC {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU003311, ECO:0000256|SAAS:SAAS00581731}. CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; EU110090; ABW86719.1; -; Genomic_DNA. DR ProteinModelPortal; A9Y695; -. DR Proteomes; UP000102958; Genome. DR GO; GO:0044196; C:host cell nucleolus; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell. DR GO; GO:0003723; F:RNA binding; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0001070; F:RNA binding transcription factor activity; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:0050434; P:positive regulation of viral transcription; IEA:InterPro. DR GO; GO:0006355; P:regulation of transcription, DNA-templated; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR GO; GO:0006351; P:transcription, DNA-templated; IEA:UniProtKB-KW. DR Gene3D; 4.10.20.10; -; 1. DR InterPro; IPR001831; IV_Tat. DR InterPro; IPR036963; Tat_dom_sf. DR Pfam; PF00539; Tat; 1. DR PRINTS; PR00055; HIVTATDOMAIN. PE 3: Inferred from homology; KW Activator {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU003311, KW ECO:0000256|SAAS:SAAS00111091}; KW Complete proteome {ECO:0000313|Proteomes:UP000102958}; KW Host nucleus {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU003311, KW ECO:0000256|SAAS:SAAS00473431}; KW Host-virus interaction {ECO:0000256|SAAS:SAAS00111166}; KW RNA-binding {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU003311, KW ECO:0000256|SAAS:SAAS00111359}; KW Transcription {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU003311, KW ECO:0000256|SAAS:SAAS00111391}; KW Transcription regulation {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU003311, KW ECO:0000256|SAAS:SAAS00111074}. SQ SEQUENCE 86 AA; 9837 MW; E739BC496DEAEB73 CRC64; MDPVDPRLEP WNHPGSQPRT PCNQCYCKKC CYHCQHCFIT KGLGISYGRK KRRQRRSAPH GDQSHQDPIP KQPSSQPRGD PTGPKE //