{"results":[{"entryType":"UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)","primaryAccession":"P13513","secondaryAccessions":["Q7LP67"],"uniProtkbId":"TRI5_FUSSP","entryAudit":{"firstPublicDate":"1990-01-01","lastAnnotationUpdateDate":"2026-11-04","lastSequenceUpdateDate":"1990-01-01","entryVersion":107,"sequenceVersion":1},"annotationScore":5.0,"organism":{"scientificName":"Fusarium sporotrichioides","taxonId":5514,"lineage":["Eukaryota","Fungi","Dikarya","Ascomycota","Pezizomycotina","Sordariomycetes","Hypocreomycetidae","Hypocreales","Nectriaceae","Fusarium"]},"proteinExistence":"1: Evidence at protein level","proteinDescription":{"recommendedName":{"fullName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"3800398"}],"value":"Trichodiene synthase"},"ecNumbers":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16171386"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"17678871"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"3800398"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"7873527"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8823172"}],"value":"4.2.3.6"}]},"alternativeNames":[{"fullName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"8593041"}],"value":"Core trichothecene cluster (CTC) protein 5"}},{"fullName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"3800398"}],"value":"Sesquiterpene cyclase TRI5"},"shortNames":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"3800398"}],"value":"TS"}]}]},"genes":[{"geneName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"3800398"}],"value":"TRI5"},"synonyms":[{"value":"TOX 5"}]}],"comments":[{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10583973"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11352533"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12039755"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12135578"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12620849"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"14532047"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16917519"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"2317042"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"3800398"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"7651333"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8593041"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9435078"}],"value":"Trichodiene synthase; part of the core gene cluster that mediates the biosynthesis of trichothecenes, a very large family of chemically related bicyclic sesquiterpene compounds acting as mycotoxins, including T2-toxin (PubMed:11352533, PubMed:2817906). The biosynthesis of trichothecenes begins with the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate to trichodiene and is catalyzed by the trichodiene synthase TRI5 (PubMed:3800398, PubMed:7873527, PubMed:8823172). Trichodiene undergoes a series of oxygenations catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase TRI4 (PubMed:7651333). TRI4 controls the addition of four oxygens at C-2, C-3, C-11, and the C-12, C-13-epoxide to form the intermediate isotrichotriol (PubMed:16917519). Isotrichotriol then undergoes a non-enzymatic isomerization and cyclization to form isotrichodermol (PubMed:2317042). During this process, the oxygen at the C-2 position becomes the pyran ring oxygen and the hydroxyl group at C-11 is lost (PubMed:2317042). More complex type A trichothecenes are built by modifying isotrichodermol through a series of paired hydroxylation and acetylation or acylation steps (PubMed:11352533). Isotrichodermol is converted to isotrichodermin by the acetyltransferase TRI101 (PubMed:10583973). TRI101 encodes a C-3 transacetylase that acts as a self-protection or resistance factor during biosynthesis and that the presence of a free C-3 hydroxyl group is a key component of Fusarium trichothecene phytotoxicity (PubMed:10583973). A second hydroxyl group is added to C-15 by the trichothecene C-15 hydroxylase TRI11, producing 15-decalonectrin, which is then acetylated by TRI3, producing calonectrin (PubMed:8593041, PubMed:9435078). A third hydroxyl group is added at C-4 by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase TRI13, converting calonectrin to 3,15-diacetoxyspirpenol, which is subsequently acetylated by the acetyltransferase TRI7 (PubMed:11352533, PubMed:12135578). A fourth hydroxyl group is added to C-8 by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase TRI1, followed by the addition of an isovaleryl moiety by TRI16 (PubMed:12620849, PubMed:14532047). Finally, the acetyl group is removed from the C-3 position by the trichothecene C-3 esterase TRI8 to produce T-2 toxin (PubMed:12039755)"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"commentType":"CATALYTIC ACTIVITY","reaction":{"name":"(2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate = trichodiene + diphosphate","reactionCrossReferences":[{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:12052"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:15861"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:33019"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:175763"}],"ecNumber":"4.2.3.6","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16171386"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"17678871"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"3800398"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"7873527"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8823172"}]}},{"commentType":"COFACTOR","cofactors":[{"name":"Mg(2+)","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15835903"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16171386"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"17678871"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"17996718"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"3800398"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8823172"}],"cofactorCrossReference":{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:18420"}},{"name":"Mn(2+)","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8823172"}],"cofactorCrossReference":{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:29035"}}],"note":{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Some of the cofactor binding sites show unusual localization within the protein."}]}},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"17678871"}],"value":"Benzyl triethylammonium cation (BTAC) acts as a competitive inhibitor of trichodiene synthase reaction in the presence of pyrophosphate (PPi) (PubMed:17678871)"}],"commentType":"ACTIVITY REGULATION"},{"commentType":"BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES","kineticParameters":{"michaelisConstants":[{"constant":62.0,"unit":"nM","substrate":"farnesyl pyrophosphate","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"3800398"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"7873527"}]},{"constant":78.0,"unit":"nM","substrate":"Mg(2+)","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8823172"}]},{"constant":84.8,"unit":"nM","substrate":"Mn(2+)","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8823172"}]}]},"phDependence":{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"3800398"}],"value":"Optimum pH is 6.75-7.75."}]}},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"3800398"}],"value":"Sesquiterpene biosynthesis; trichothecene biosynthesis"}],"commentType":"PATHWAY"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12732543"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16347944"}],"value":"Expression is positively regulated by the trichothecene cluster-specific transcription activator TRI10 (PubMed:12732543). Expression is induced between 18h and 21h growth on GYEP medium (PubMed:16347944). The initial detection of trichothecenes occurs several hours after the initial detection of TRI5 (PubMed:16347944). The initiation of trichothecene biosynthesis occurs with a high concentration of glucose remaining in the culture medium (PubMed:16347944)"}],"commentType":"INDUCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Trichothecenes are sesquiterpenoid toxins that act by inhibiting protein biosynthesis"}],"commentType":"MISCELLANEOUS"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Belongs to the trichodiene synthase family"}],"commentType":"SIMILARITY"}],"features":[{"type":"Chain","location":{"start":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":374,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Trichodiene synthase","featureId":"PRO_0000221584"},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":100,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":104,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Aspartate-rich domain","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"8823172"}]},{"type":"Binding 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TRI101 encodes a C-3 transacetylase that acts as a self-protection or resistance factor during biosynthesis and that the presence of a free C-3 hydroxyl group is a key component of Fusarium trichothecene phytotoxicity (PubMed:10583973). A second hydroxyl group is added to C-15 by the trichothecene C-15 hydroxylase TRI11, producing 15-decalonectrin, which is then acetylated by TRI3, producing calonectrin (PubMed:8593041, PubMed:9435078). A third hydroxyl group is added at C-4 by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase TRI13, converting calonectrin to 3,15-diacetoxyspirpenol, which is subsequently acetylated by the acetyltransferase TRI7 (PubMed:11352533, PubMed:12135578). A fourth hydroxyl group is added to C-8 by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase TRI1, followed by the addition of an isovaleryl moiety by TRI16 (PubMed:12620849, PubMed:14532047). 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The biosynthesis of trichothecenes begins with the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate to trichodiene and is catalyzed by the trichodiene synthase TRI5 (PubMed:3800398). Trichodiene undergoes a series of oxygenations catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase TRI4 (PubMed:7651333). TRI4 controls the addition of four oxygens at C-2, C-3, C-11, and the C-12, C-13-epoxide to form the intermediate isotrichotriol (PubMed:16917519). Isotrichotriol then undergoes a non-enzymatic isomerization and cyclization to form isotrichodermol (PubMed:2317042). During this process, the oxygen at the C-2 position becomes the pyran ring oxygen and the hydroxyl group at C-11 is lost (PubMed:2317042). More complex type A trichothecenes are built by modifying isotrichodermol through a series of paired hydroxylation and acetylation or acylation steps (PubMed:11352533). Isotrichodermol is converted to isotrichodermin by the acetyltransferase TRI101 (PubMed:10583973). TRI101 encodes a C-3 transacetylase that acts as a self-protection or resistance factor during biosynthesis and that the presence of a free C-3 hydroxyl group is a key component of Fusarium trichothecene phytotoxicity (PubMed:10583973). A second hydroxyl group is added to C-15 by the trichothecene C-15 hydroxylase TRI11, producing 15-decalonectrin, which is then acetylated by TRI3, producing calonectrin (PubMed:8593041, PubMed:9435078). A third hydroxyl group is added at C-4 by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase TRI13, converting calonectrin to 3,15-diacetoxyspirpenol, which is subsequently acetylated by the acetyltransferase TRI7 (PubMed:11352533, PubMed:12135578). A fourth hydroxyl group is added to C-8 by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase TRI1, followed by the addition of an isovaleryl moiety by TRI16 (PubMed:12620849, PubMed:14532047). 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TRI101 encodes a C-3 transacetylase that acts as a self-protection or resistance factor during biosynthesis and that the presence of a free C-3 hydroxyl group is a key component of Fusarium trichothecene phytotoxicity (PubMed:10583973). A second hydroxyl group is added to C-15 by the trichothecene C-15 hydroxylase TRI11, producing 15-decalonectrin, which is then acetylated by TRI3, producing calonectrin (PubMed:8593041, PubMed:9435078). A third hydroxyl group is added at C-4 by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase TRI13, converting calonectrin to 3,15-diacetoxyspirpenol, which is subsequently acetylated by the acetyltransferase TRI7 (PubMed:11352533, PubMed:12135578). A fourth hydroxyl group is added to C-8 by the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase TRI1, followed by the addition of an isovaleryl moiety by TRI16 (PubMed:12620849, PubMed:14532047). 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Also essential during biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor. Acts by mediating the C-terminal thiocarboxylation of sulfur carriers urm1 and mocs2a. Its N-terminus first activates urm1 and mocs2a as acyl-adenylates (-COAMP), then the persulfide sulfur on the catalytic cysteine is transferred to urm1 and mocs2a to form thiocarboxylation (-COSH) of their C-terminus. The reaction probably involves hydrogen sulfide that is generated from the persulfide intermediate and that acts as a nucleophile towards urm1 and mocs2a. Subsequently, a transient disulfide bond is formed. 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