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ACTIVITY":1,"SUBCELLULAR LOCATION":1,"MISCELLANEOUS":2,"SIMILARITY":1},"countByFeatureType":{"Signal":1,"Chain":1,"Active site":2,"Binding site":1,"Natural variant":10,"Helix":20,"Beta strand":15,"Turn":2},"uniParcId":"UPI00001259D8"}},{"entryType":"UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)","primaryAccession":"P71278","uniProtkbId":"PETNR_ENTCL","entryAudit":{"firstPublicDate":"2026-09-02","lastAnnotationUpdateDate":"2026-11-04","lastSequenceUpdateDate":"1997-02-01","entryVersion":101,"sequenceVersion":1},"annotationScore":5.0,"organism":{"scientificName":"Enterobacter cloacae","taxonId":550,"lineage":["Bacteria","Pseudomonadati","Pseudomonadota","Gammaproteobacteria","Enterobacterales","Enterobacteriaceae","Enterobacter","Enterobacter cloacae complex"]},"proteinExistence":"1: Evidence at protein level","proteinDescription":{"recommendedName":{"fullName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"8919782"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}],"value":"Pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase"},"shortNames":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"8919782"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}],"value":"PETN reductase"},{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"19891489"}],"value":"PETNR"}],"ecNumbers":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15184158"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8919782"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9687442"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}],"value":"1.7.1.-"}]},"alternativeNames":[{"fullName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Cyclohexenone reductase"},"ecNumbers":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"15184158"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}],"value":"1.3.1.-"}]},{"fullName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}],"value":"Organic nitrate reductase"}}]},"genes":[{"geneName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}],"value":"onr"}}],"comments":[{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11428899"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15184158"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8919782"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9687442"}],"value":"NADPH-dependent reductase that can degrade the nitrate ester explosives pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and nitroglycerin (also known as glycerol trinitrate, GTN), thereby enabling them to serve as nitrogen sources for growth (PubMed:8919782, PubMed:8932320). It catalyzes the NADPH-dependent denitration of PETN, releasing nitrite and producing pentaerythritol trinitrate and pentaerythritol dinitrate (PubMed:8919782). The reaction follows a ping-pong mechanism (PubMed:8932320). It can also use nitroglycerin as a substrate (PubMed:8919782, PubMed:8932320). It can reduce 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), yielding hydride- and dihydride-Meisenheimer complexes and nitrite, suggesting that E.cloacae PB2 can use TNT as the sole nitrogen source (PubMed:15184158, PubMed:9687442). It can use ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), with low efficiency (PubMed:8919782, PubMed:8932320). In addition, the enzyme can bind and use steroid ligands (PubMed:11428899). Some steroids act as substrates while others are inhibitors (PubMed:11428899). The enzyme can reduce prednisone and 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, but not progesterone or 4-androstene-3,17-dione (PubMed:11428899). It can reduce the unsaturated bond of the alpha/beta-unsaturated ketone cyclohex-2-enone, which is used widely as a generic substrate of the OYE family, but it cannot use codeinone, the best known substrate for morphinone reductase (PubMed:15184158, PubMed:8932320). It can use trans-2-hexenal and two compounds related to TNT, 1-nitrocyclohexene and 2-nitrobenzaldehyde (PubMed:15184158). In vitro, it shows highest activity against nitrate esters, and lower activity towards TNT and alpha/beta-unsaturated carbonyls (PubMed:15184158)"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"commentType":"CATALYTIC ACTIVITY","reaction":{"name":"pentaerythritol tetranitrate + NADPH = pentaerythritol trinitrate + nitrite + NADP(+)","reactionCrossReferences":[{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:80163"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:16301"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:25879"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:57783"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:58349"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:135114"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8919782"}]},"physiologicalReactions":[{"directionType":"left-to-right","reactionCrossReference":{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:80164"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8919782"}]}]},{"commentType":"CATALYTIC ACTIVITY","reaction":{"name":"pentaerythritol trinitrate + NADPH = pentaerythritol dinitrate + nitrite + NADP(+)","reactionCrossReferences":[{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:80167"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:16301"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:25877"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:57783"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:58349"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:135114"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8919782"}]},"physiologicalReactions":[{"directionType":"left-to-right","reactionCrossReference":{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:80168"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8919782"}]}]},{"commentType":"CATALYTIC ACTIVITY","reaction":{"name":"nitroglycerin + NADPH = 1,2-dinitroglycerol + nitrite + NADP(+)","reactionCrossReferences":[{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:80131"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:16301"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:18898"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:28787"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:57783"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:58349"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}]},"physiologicalReactions":[{"directionType":"left-to-right","reactionCrossReference":{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:80132"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}]}]},{"commentType":"CATALYTIC ACTIVITY","reaction":{"name":"nitroglycerin + NADPH = 1,3-dinitroglycerol + nitrite + NADP(+)","reactionCrossReferences":[{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:80135"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:16301"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:18921"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:28787"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:57783"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:58349"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}]},"physiologicalReactions":[{"directionType":"left-to-right","reactionCrossReference":{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:80136"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}]}]},{"commentType":"CATALYTIC ACTIVITY","reaction":{"name":"2,4,6-trinitrotoluene + NADPH = 4-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ide + NADP(+)","reactionCrossReferences":[{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:80171"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:46053"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:57783"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:58349"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:231448"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15184158"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9687442"}]},"physiologicalReactions":[{"directionType":"left-to-right","reactionCrossReference":{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:80172"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9687442"}]}]},{"commentType":"CATALYTIC ACTIVITY","reaction":{"name":"4-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrocyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-ide + NADPH + H(+) = 2-methyl-1,3,5-trinitrocyclohex-2-en-1-ide + NADP(+)","reactionCrossReferences":[{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:80175"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:15378"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:57783"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:58349"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:231448"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:231449"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15184158"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9687442"}]},"physiologicalReactions":[{"directionType":"left-to-right","reactionCrossReference":{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:80176"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9687442"}]}]},{"commentType":"CATALYTIC ACTIVITY","reaction":{"name":"cyclohex-2-enone + NADPH + H(+) = cyclohexanone + NADP(+)","reactionCrossReferences":[{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:80151"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:15378"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:15977"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:17854"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:57783"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:58349"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"15184158"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}]}},{"commentType":"COFACTOR","cofactors":[{"name":"FMN","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11428899"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11923299"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15128738"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16156787"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"19891489"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21064170"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21374779"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"28177310"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"31119061"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8919782"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"Reference","id":"Ref.12"}],"cofactorCrossReference":{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:58210"}}]},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11428899"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11923299"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}],"value":"Shows competitive substrate inhibition by NADPH (PubMed:8932320). Inhibited by steroids, such as progesterone, testosterone and cortisone (PubMed:11428899, PubMed:8932320). Inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) (PubMed:11923299)"}],"commentType":"ACTIVITY REGULATION"},{"commentType":"BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES","kineticParameters":{"maximumVelocities":[{"velocity":12.1,"unit":"umol/min/mg","enzyme":"enzyme with nitroglycerin as substrate","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}]},{"velocity":9.5,"unit":"umol/min/mg","enzyme":"enzyme with ethylene glycol dinitrate as substrate","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}]},{"velocity":3.2,"unit":"umol/min/mg","enzyme":"enzyme with 2-cyclohexen-1-one as substrate","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}]}],"michaelisConstants":[{"constant":0.022,"unit":"mM","substrate":"nitroglycerin","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8919782"}]},{"constant":0.023,"unit":"mM","substrate":"nitroglycerin","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}]},{"constant":2.0,"unit":"mM","substrate":"ethylene glycol dinitrate","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8919782"}]},{"constant":2.4,"unit":"mM","substrate":"ethylene glycol dinitrate","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}]},{"constant":0.74,"unit":"mM","substrate":"2-cyclohexen-1-one","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}]}],"note":{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}],"value":"kcat is 480 min(-1) with nitroglycerin as substrate (PubMed:8932320). kcat is 380 min(-1) with ethylene glycol dinitrate as substrate (PubMed:8932320). kcat is 125 min(-1) with 2-cyclohexen-1-one as substrate (PubMed:8932320)."}]}},"phDependence":{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8919782"}],"value":"Optimum pH is 6.5 for PETN reductase activity."}]}},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11428899"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8919782"}],"value":"Monomer"}],"commentType":"SUBUNIT"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16156787"}],"value":"Tyr-187 is not a key proton donor in the reduction of alpha/beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (PubMed:16156787). Proton transfer is most likely from water (PubMed:16156787)"}],"commentType":"DOMAIN"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21374779"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9687442"}],"value":"The ability to utilize nitrate ester explosives such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate, nitroglycerin and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) suggests that PB2 or recombinant organisms expressing PETN reductase may be useful for bioremediation of contaminated soil and water (PubMed:9687442). It is possible to profoundly alter the catalytic selectivity of the enzyme by a single residue change, suggesting that this enzyme may serve as a scaffold for development of industrially useful biocatalysts (PubMed:21374779)"}],"commentType":"BIOTECHNOLOGY"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11923299"}],"value":"The reaction comprises two half-reactions (PubMed:11923299). In the reductive half-reaction, the enzyme is reduced by NADPH to yield the dihydroquinone form of the enzyme-bound FMN (PubMed:11923299). In the oxidative half-reaction, the two-electron-reduced enzyme reacts with the substrate (PubMed:11923299)"}],"commentType":"MISCELLANEOUS"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Belongs to the NADH:flavin oxidoreductase/NADH oxidase family"}],"commentType":"SIMILARITY"}],"features":[{"type":"Initiator methionine","location":{"start":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Removed","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8932320"}]},{"type":"Chain","location":{"start":{"value":2,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":365,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase","featureId":"PRO_0000464751"},{"type":"Active site","location":{"start":{"value":187,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":187,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Proton 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