{"results":[{"entryType":"UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)","primaryAccession":"P19484","secondaryAccessions":["Q709B3","Q7Z6P9","Q9BRJ5","Q9UJD8"],"uniProtkbId":"TFEB_HUMAN","entryAudit":{"firstPublicDate":"1991-02-01","lastAnnotationUpdateDate":"2026-09-02","lastSequenceUpdateDate":"2001-08-29","entryVersion":227,"sequenceVersion":3},"annotationScore":5.0,"organism":{"scientificName":"Homo sapiens","commonName":"Human","taxonId":9606,"lineage":["Eukaryota","Metazoa","Chordata","Craniata","Vertebrata","Euteleostomi","Mammalia","Eutheria","Euarchontoglires","Primates","Haplorrhini","Catarrhini","Hominidae","Homo"]},"proteinExistence":"1: Evidence at protein level","proteinDescription":{"recommendedName":{"fullName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"2115126"}],"value":"Transcription factor EB"}},"alternativeNames":[{"fullName":{"value":"Class E basic helix-loop-helix protein 35"},"shortNames":[{"value":"bHLHe35"}]}]},"genes":[{"geneName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"2115126"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000312","source":"HGNC","id":"HGNC:11753"}],"value":"TFEB"},"synonyms":[{"value":"BHLHE35"}]}],"comments":[{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"Q9R210"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1748288"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"19556463"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"2115126"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21617040"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22343943"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22576015"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22692423"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23434374"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"25720963"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27278822"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"28552616"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"29146937"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"30120233"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"31672913"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32612235"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32753672"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"35662396"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"36697823"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"36749723"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"37079666"}],"value":"Transcription factor that acts as a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, autophagy, lysosomal exocytosis, lipid catabolism, energy metabolism and immune response (PubMed:21617040, PubMed:22343943, PubMed:22576015, PubMed:22692423, PubMed:25720963, PubMed:30120233, PubMed:31672913, PubMed:32612235, PubMed:32753672, PubMed:35662396, PubMed:36697823, PubMed:36749723, PubMed:37079666). Specifically recognizes and binds E-box sequences (5'-CANNTG-3'); efficient DNA-binding requires dimerization with itself or with another MiT/TFE family member such as TFE3 or MITF (PubMed:1748288, PubMed:19556463, PubMed:29146937). Involved in the cellular response to amino acid availability by acting downstream of MTOR: in the presence of nutrients, TFEB phosphorylation by MTOR promotes its cytosolic retention and subsequent inactivation (PubMed:21617040, PubMed:22343943, PubMed:22576015, PubMed:22692423, PubMed:25720963, PubMed:32612235, PubMed:32753672, PubMed:35662396, PubMed:36697823). Upon starvation or lysosomal stress, inhibition of MTOR induces TFEB dephosphorylation, resulting in nuclear localization and transcription factor activity (PubMed:22343943, PubMed:22576015, PubMed:22692423, PubMed:25720963, PubMed:32612235, PubMed:32753672, PubMed:35662396, PubMed:36697823). Specifically recognizes and binds the CLEAR-box sequence (5'-GTCACGTGAC-3') present in the regulatory region of many lysosomal genes, leading to activate their expression, thereby playing a central role in expression of lysosomal genes (PubMed:19556463, PubMed:22692423). Regulates lysosomal positioning in response to nutrient deprivation by promoting the expression of PIP4P1 (PubMed:29146937). Acts as a positive regulator of autophagy by promoting expression of genes involved in autophagy (PubMed:21617040, PubMed:22576015, PubMed:23434374, PubMed:27278822). In association with TFE3, activates the expression of CD40L in T-cells, thereby playing a role in T-cell-dependent antibody responses in activated CD4(+) T-cells and thymus-dependent humoral immunity (By similarity). Specifically recognizes the gamma-E3 box, a subset of E-boxes, present in the heavy-chain immunoglobulin enhancer (PubMed:2115126). Plays a role in the signal transduction processes required for normal vascularization of the placenta (By similarity). Involved in the immune response to infection by the bacteria S.aureus, S.typhimurium or S.enterica: infection promotes itaconate production, leading to alkylation, resulting in nuclear localization and transcription factor activity (PubMed:35662396). Itaconate-mediated alkylation activates TFEB-dependent lysosomal biogenesis, facilitating the bacteria clearance during the antibacterial innate immune response (PubMed:35662396). In association with ACSS2, promotes the expression of genes involved in lysosome biogenesis and both autophagy upon glucose deprivation (PubMed:28552616)"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"36749723"}],"value":"Inhibited by eltrombopag drug, which binds to the bHLH domain and disrupts DNA-binding"}],"commentType":"ACTIVITY REGULATION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15507434"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1748288"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23401004"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"28552616"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32753672"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"34071043"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"35662396"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"37057673"}],"value":"Homodimer and heterodimer; with TFE3 or MITF (PubMed:15507434, PubMed:1748288). Interacts (when phosphorylated by MTOR) with YWHAZ; promoting retention in the cytosol (PubMed:35662396). Interacts with IRGM; promoting association between TFEB and PPP3CB and dephosphorylation (PubMed:32753672). Interacts with small GTPases Rag (RagA/RRAGA, RagB/RRAGB, RagC/RRAGC and/or RagD/RRAGD); promoting its recruitment to lysosomal membrane in the presence of nutrients (PubMed:23401004). Interacts with ACSS2 (PubMed:28552616)"}],"commentType":"SUBUNIT"},{"commentType":"INTERACTION","interactions":[{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P19484","intActId":"EBI-2814208"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"O75030","geneName":"MITF","intActId":"EBI-3910192"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P19484","intActId":"EBI-2814208"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P63165","geneName":"SUMO1","intActId":"EBI-80140"},"numberOfExperiments":2,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P19484","intActId":"EBI-2814208"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P62258","geneName":"YWHAE","intActId":"EBI-356498"},"numberOfExperiments":5,"organismDiffer":false}]},{"commentType":"SUBCELLULAR LOCATION","note":{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21617040"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22343943"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22576015"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22692423"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23401004"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23434374"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"25720963"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27184844"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27278822"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"30120233"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32612235"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32753672"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"33691586"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"35662396"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"36697823"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"37079666"}],"value":"Mainly present in the cytoplasm (PubMed:23434374, PubMed:33691586, PubMed:35662396). When nutrients are present, recruited to the lysosomal membrane via association with GDP-bound RagC/RRAGC (or RagD/RRAGD): it is then phosphorylated by MTOR (PubMed:23401004, PubMed:32612235, PubMed:36697823). Phosphorylation by MTOR prevents nuclear translocation and activity by promoting interaction with 14-3-3 proteins, such as YWHAZ (PubMed:22343943, PubMed:22692423, PubMed:23401004, PubMed:25720963, PubMed:32612235, PubMed:32753672, PubMed:35662396, PubMed:36697823, PubMed:37079666). Under aberrant lysosomal storage conditions, it translocates from the cytoplasm to the nucleus (PubMed:21617040, PubMed:22576015, PubMed:23434374, PubMed:25720963, PubMed:32753672). The translocation to the nucleus is regulated by ATP13A2 (PubMed:23434374, PubMed:27278822). Conversely, inhibition of mTORC1, starvation and lysosomal disruption, promotes dephosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus (PubMed:22343943, PubMed:22692423, PubMed:37079666). Exported from the nucleus in response to nutrient availability (PubMed:30120233). In macrophages, translocates into the nucleus upon live S.enterica infection (PubMed:27184844)"}]},"subcellularLocations":[{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21617040"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22343943"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22576015"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22692423"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23401004"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23434374"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24081491"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"25720963"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27184844"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27278822"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"28552616"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"30120233"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32612235"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32753672"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"33691586"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"35662396"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"36697823"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"37079666"}],"value":"Nucleus","id":"SL-0191"}},{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21617040"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22576015"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23401004"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23434374"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"25720963"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27184844"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27278822"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"30120233"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32753672"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"33691586"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"35662396"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"36697823"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"37079666"}],"value":"Cytoplasm, cytosol","id":"SL-0091"}},{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22343943"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22692423"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23401004"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32612235"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"36697823"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"37057673"}],"value":"Lysosome membrane","id":"SL-0157"}}]},{"commentType":"SUBCELLULAR LOCATION","note":{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"33691586"}],"value":"(Microbial infection) Following Coxsackievirus B3 infection, full length TFEB and viral protease 3C-mediated cleavage product are translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus"}]},"subcellularLocations":[{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"33691586"}],"value":"Nucleus","id":"SL-0191"}}]},{"commentType":"ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS","events":["Alternative splicing"],"isoforms":[{"name":{"value":"1"},"isoformIds":["P19484-1"],"isoformSequenceStatus":"Displayed"},{"name":{"value":"2"},"isoformIds":["P19484-2"],"sequenceIds":["VSP_002159"],"isoformSequenceStatus":"Described"}]},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1748288"}],"value":"The leucine zipper region is essential for homo- or heterodimerization and high-affinity DNA binding. DNA binding is mediated by the basic region"}],"commentType":"DOMAIN"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21617040"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22343943"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22576015"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22692423"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23401004"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24081491"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"25720963"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"30120233"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32753672"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"33691586"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"35662396"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"36697823"}],"value":"Phosphorylation at Ser-211 by MTOR via non-canonical mTORC1 pathway regulates its subcellular location and activity (PubMed:21617040, PubMed:22343943, PubMed:22576015, PubMed:22692423, PubMed:23401004, PubMed:24081491, PubMed:25720963, PubMed:30120233, PubMed:32612235, PubMed:32753672, PubMed:35662396, PubMed:36697823). When nutrients are present, phosphorylation by MTOR promotes association with 14-3-3/YWHA adapters and retention in the cytosol (PubMed:22343943, PubMed:22576015, PubMed:22692423, PubMed:23401004, PubMed:25720963, PubMed:32612235, PubMed:32753672, PubMed:35662396). Inhibition of mTORC1, starvation and lysosomal disruption, promotes dephosphorylation by calcineurin PPP3CB and translocation to the nucleus (PubMed:22343943, PubMed:22576015, PubMed:22692423, PubMed:25720963, PubMed:32753672). Dephosphorylated by calcineurin PPP3CB in response to lysosomal Ca(2+) release (PubMed:25720963). IRGM promotes dephosphorylation by calcineurin PPP3CB, resulting in TFEB nuclear translocation and stimulation of lysosomal biogenesis (PubMed:32753672). Dephosphorylated by phosphatase PPP3CA following Coxsackievirus B3 infection, leading to nuclear translocation (PubMed:33691586). Exported from the nucleus in a mTORC1-dependent manner in response to nutrient availability (PubMed:30120233)"}],"commentType":"PTM"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"35662396"}],"value":"Alkylated via a non-enzymatic covalent modification (PubMed:35662396). Itaconate, an anti-inflammatory metabolite generated in response to lipopolysaccharide, alkylates Cys-212, preventing association with 14-3-3/YWHA adapters, thereby promoting nuclear translocation and activity (PubMed:35662396)"}],"commentType":"PTM"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15507434"}],"value":"Sumoylated; does not affect dimerization with MITF"}],"commentType":"PTM"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"33691586"}],"value":"(Microbial infection) Cleavage by Coxsackievirus B3 protease 3C after site Gln-60. This non-phosphorylated cleavage product retains its ability to interact with TFEB, TFE3 or MITF and presents impaired transcriptional activity, resulting in disruption of lysosomal functions and increased viral infection"}],"commentType":"PTM"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Belongs to the MiT/TFE family"}],"commentType":"SIMILARITY"},{"commentType":"SEQUENCE CAUTION","sequenceCautionType":"Erroneous initiation","sequence":"AAA36730.1","note":"Extended N-terminus.","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}]},{"commentType":"SEQUENCE CAUTION","sequenceCautionType":"Erroneous initiation","sequence":"CAE77681.1","note":"Extended N-terminus.","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}]},{"commentType":"WEB RESOURCE","resourceName":"Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology","resourceUrl":"https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene/531/TFEB","ftp":false},{"commentType":"WEB RESOURCE","resourceName":"Protein Spotlight","resourceUrl":"https://www.proteinspotlight.org/back_issues/260/","ftp":false,"note":"Clearing the clamour - Issue 260 of July 2023"}],"features":[{"type":"Chain","location":{"start":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":476,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Transcription factor EB","featureId":"PRO_0000127473"},{"type":"Domain","location":{"start":{"value":235,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":288,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"bHLH","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000255","source":"PROSITE-ProRule","id":"PRU00981"}]},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":167,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Interaction with ACSS2","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"28552616"}]},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":66,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Disordered","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000256","source":"SAM","id":"MobiDB-lite"}]},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":107,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":142,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Disordered","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000256","source":"SAM","id":"MobiDB-lite"}]},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":156,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":165,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Strong transcription activation domain","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000255"}]},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":298,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":319,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Leucine-zipper"},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":349,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":430,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Disordered","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000256","source":"SAM","id":"MobiDB-lite"}]},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":447,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":476,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Disordered","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000256","source":"SAM","id":"MobiDB-lite"}]},{"type":"Motif","location":{"start":{"value":136,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":153,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Nuclear export signal","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"30120233"}]},{"type":"Motif","location":{"start":{"value":245,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":248,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Nuclear 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