{"results":[{"entryType":"UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)","primaryAccession":"P31213","secondaryAccessions":["B2RE87","Q2M1R4","Q9BYE6"],"uniProtkbId":"S5A2_HUMAN","entryAudit":{"firstPublicDate":"1993-07-01","lastAnnotationUpdateDate":"2026-09-02","lastSequenceUpdateDate":"2023-06-28","entryVersion":210,"sequenceVersion":2},"annotationScore":5.0,"organism":{"scientificName":"Homo sapiens","commonName":"Human","taxonId":9606,"lineage":["Eukaryota","Metazoa","Chordata","Craniata","Vertebrata","Euteleostomi","Mammalia","Eutheria","Euarchontoglires","Primates","Haplorrhini","Catarrhini","Hominidae","Homo"]},"proteinExistence":"1: Evidence at protein level","proteinDescription":{"recommendedName":{"fullName":{"value":"3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 2"},"ecNumbers":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10898110"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23685396"}],"value":"1.3.1.22"}]},"alternativeNames":[{"fullName":{"value":"5 alpha-SR2"}},{"fullName":{"value":"SR type 2"}},{"fullName":{"value":"Steroid 5-alpha-reductase 2"},"shortNames":[{"value":"S5AR 2"}]},{"fullName":{"value":"Type II 5-alpha reductase"}}]},"genes":[{"geneName":{"value":"SRD5A2"}}],"comments":[{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10898110"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23685396"}],"value":"Catalyzes the irreversible stereospecific reduction of the delta 4,5 bond (double bond between carbons 4 and 5) of various 3-oxo steroids (3-keto steroids) producing their 5alpha dihydro-3-oxo forms (PubMed:10898110, PubMed:23685396). Converts testosterone into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the most active androgen in the prostate, as it is the preferred ligand for androgen receptor (AR) transactivation, making this reaction a key step in male sexual differentiation during development (PubMed:10898110, PubMed:23685396). Besides testosterone, it can also act on other steroids, including progesterone, producing metabolites with diverse roles (PubMed:10898110). Hence, it plays a central role in sexual differentiation and androgen physiology (PubMed:10898110)"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"commentType":"CATALYTIC ACTIVITY","reaction":{"name":"a 3-oxo-5alpha-steroid + NADP(+) = a 3-oxo-Delta(4)-steroid + NADPH + H(+)","reactionCrossReferences":[{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:54384"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:13601"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:15378"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:47909"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:57783"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:58349"}],"ecNumber":"1.3.1.22","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10898110"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23685396"}]},"physiologicalReactions":[{"directionType":"right-to-left","reactionCrossReference":{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:54386"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"23685396"}]}]},{"commentType":"CATALYTIC ACTIVITY","reaction":{"name":"17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one + NADP(+) = testosterone + NADPH + H(+)","reactionCrossReferences":[{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:50820"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:15378"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:16330"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:17347"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:57783"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:58349"}],"ecNumber":"1.3.1.22","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10898110"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23685396"}]},"physiologicalReactions":[{"directionType":"right-to-left","reactionCrossReference":{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:50822"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"10898110"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"23685396"}]}]},{"commentType":"CATALYTIC ACTIVITY","reaction":{"name":"5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione + NADP(+) = progesterone + NADPH + H(+)","reactionCrossReferences":[{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:21952"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:15378"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:17026"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:28952"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:57783"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:58349"}],"ecNumber":"1.3.1.22","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10898110"}]},"physiologicalReactions":[{"directionType":"right-to-left","reactionCrossReference":{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:21954"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"10898110"}]}]},{"commentType":"BIOPHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES","kineticParameters":{"maximumVelocities":[{"velocity":1.9,"unit":"nmol/min/mg","enzyme":"enzyme with testosterone as substrate with NADPH as cofactor (at pH 6.0)","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10898110"}]}],"michaelisConstants":[{"constant":0.9,"unit":"uM","substrate":"testosterone (at pH 6.0)","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10898110"}]},{"constant":8.0,"unit":"uM","substrate":"NADPH (at pH 6.0)","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10898110"}]}]},"phDependence":{"texts":[{"value":"Optimally active at acidic pHs."}]}},{"commentType":"INTERACTION","interactions":[{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P31213","intActId":"EBI-13130472"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"O96005","geneName":"CLPTM1","intActId":"EBI-2873194"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P31213","intActId":"EBI-13130472"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"A8MQ03","geneName":"CYSRT1","intActId":"EBI-3867333"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P31213","intActId":"EBI-13130472"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q14749","geneName":"GNMT","intActId":"EBI-744239"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false}]},{"commentType":"SUBCELLULAR LOCATION","subcellularLocations":[{"location":{"value":"Microsome membrane","id":"SL-0165"},"topology":{"value":"Multi-pass membrane protein","id":"SL-9909"}},{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Endoplasmic reticulum membrane","id":"SL-0097"},"topology":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Multi-pass membrane protein","id":"SL-9909"}}]},{"texts":[{"value":"Expressed in high levels in the prostate and many other androgen-sensitive tissues"}],"commentType":"TISSUE SPECIFICITY"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10501358"}],"value":"Individuals with Thr-49 have an increased risk of prostate cancer (PubMed:10501358). The enzyme with Thr-49 has a higher in vitro V(max) than the Ala-49 enzyme (PubMed:10501358)"}],"commentType":"POLYMORPHISM"},{"commentType":"DISEASE","disease":{"diseaseId":"Pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypospadias","diseaseAccession":"DI-02230","acronym":"PPSH","description":"A form of male pseudohermaphroditism in which 46,XY males show ambiguous genitalia at birth, including perineal hypospadias and a blind perineal pouch, and develop masculinization at puberty. The name of the disorder stems from the finding of a blind-ending perineal opening resembling a vagina and a severely hypospadiac penis with the urethra opening onto the perineum.","diseaseCrossReference":{"database":"MIM","id":"264600"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10718838"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10898110"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10999800"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12843198"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15064320"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1522235"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15528927"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15770495"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16098368"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16181229"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"7554313"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8626825"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8768837"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9208814"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9745434"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9843052"}]},"note":{"texts":[{"value":"The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry"}]}},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Belongs to the steroid 5-alpha reductase family"}],"commentType":"SIMILARITY"},{"commentType":"WEB RESOURCE","resourceName":"Wikipedia","resourceUrl":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_alpha_reductase","ftp":false,"note":"5-alpha reductase entry"}],"features":[{"type":"Chain","location":{"start":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":254,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase 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