{"results":[{"entryType":"UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)","primaryAccession":"P04264","secondaryAccessions":["B2RA01","P85925","P86104","Q14720","Q6GSJ0","Q9H298"],"uniProtkbId":"K2C1_HUMAN","entryAudit":{"firstPublicDate":"1987-03-20","lastAnnotationUpdateDate":"2026-09-02","lastSequenceUpdateDate":"2009-05-26","entryVersion":264,"sequenceVersion":6},"annotationScore":5.0,"organism":{"scientificName":"Homo sapiens","commonName":"Human","taxonId":9606,"lineage":["Eukaryota","Metazoa","Chordata","Craniata","Vertebrata","Euteleostomi","Mammalia","Eutheria","Euarchontoglires","Primates","Haplorrhini","Catarrhini","Hominidae","Homo"]},"proteinExistence":"1: Evidence at protein level","proteinDescription":{"recommendedName":{"fullName":{"value":"Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1"}},"alternativeNames":[{"fullName":{"value":"67 kDa cytokeratin"}},{"fullName":{"value":"Cytokeratin-1"},"shortNames":[{"value":"CK-1"}]},{"fullName":{"value":"Hair alpha protein"}},{"fullName":{"value":"Keratin-1"},"shortNames":[{"value":"K1"}]},{"fullName":{"value":"Type-II keratin Kb1"}}]},"genes":[{"geneName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000312","source":"HGNC","id":"HGNC:6412"}],"value":"KRT1"},"synonyms":[{"value":"KRTA"}]}],"comments":[{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1381288"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"17956333"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21544310"}],"value":"Structural component of intermediate filaments in suprabasal keratinocytes of stratified epithelia. Forms heteropolymers with a type I keratin, assembling into keratin intermediate filament networks that provide mechanical strength and structural stability to differentiating epidermal cells (PubMed:1381288). May regulate the activity of kinases such as PKC and SRC by interacting with integrin beta-1 (ITB1) and the receptor of activated protein C kinase 1 (RACK1) (PubMed:17956333, PubMed:21544310). In complex with C1QBP, acts as a high-affinity receptor for kininogen-1 (HMWK) (PubMed:21544310)"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"P04104"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16923132"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"17956333"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21544310"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24940650"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27595935"}],"value":"Heterodimers composed of one type I and one type II keratins; forms parallel coiled-coil heterodimers (PubMed:24940650, PubMed:27595935). Heterodimers associate in an antiparallel manner to form heterotetramers, which further assemble into higher-order keratin intermediate filaments (PubMed:24940650, PubMed:27595935). Forms a heterodimer with KRT10 (PubMed:24940650, PubMed:27595935). Forms a heterodimer with KRT14; the interaction is more abundant in the absence of KRT5 (By similarity). Interacts with PLEC isoform 1C, when in a heterodimer with KRT10 (PubMed:24940650). Interacts with ITGB1 in the presence of RACK1 and SRC, and with RACK1 (PubMed:17956333). Interacts with C1QBP; the association represents a cell surface kininogen receptor (PubMed:21544310). Interacts with EPPK1; interaction is dependent of higher-order structure of intermediate filament (PubMed:16923132)"}],"commentType":"SUBUNIT"},{"commentType":"INTERACTION","interactions":[{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9Y2J4","geneName":"AMOTL2","intActId":"EBI-746752"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"O15552","geneName":"FFAR2","intActId":"EBI-2833872"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q08379","geneName":"GOLGA2","intActId":"EBI-618309"},"numberOfExperiments":6,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"A6NEM1","geneName":"GOLGA6L9","intActId":"EBI-5916454"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q96CS2","geneName":"HAUS1","intActId":"EBI-2514791"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9NP66","geneName":"HMG20A","intActId":"EBI-740641"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q96ED9-2","geneName":"HOOK2","intActId":"EBI-10961706"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P13645","geneName":"KRT10","intActId":"EBI-465144"},"numberOfExperiments":5,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P13646","geneName":"KRT13","intActId":"EBI-1223876"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P02533","geneName":"KRT14","intActId":"EBI-702178"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P19012","geneName":"KRT15","intActId":"EBI-739566"},"numberOfExperiments":7,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P08779","geneName":"KRT16","intActId":"EBI-356410"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P08727","geneName":"KRT19","intActId":"EBI-742756"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q2M2I5","geneName":"KRT24","intActId":"EBI-2952736"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q7Z3Z0","geneName":"KRT25","intActId":"EBI-11980019"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q7Z3Y9","geneName":"KRT26","intActId":"EBI-12084444"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q7Z3Y8","geneName":"KRT27","intActId":"EBI-3044087"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q7Z3Y7","geneName":"KRT28","intActId":"EBI-11980489"},"numberOfExperiments":5,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q15323","geneName":"KRT31","intActId":"EBI-948001"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q14525","geneName":"KRT33B","intActId":"EBI-1049638"},"numberOfExperiments":7,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"O76011","geneName":"KRT34","intActId":"EBI-1047093"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q92764","geneName":"KRT35","intActId":"EBI-1058674"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04264","intActId":"EBI-298429"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"O76013-2","geneName":"KRT36","intActId":"EBI-11958506"},"numb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LOCATION","subcellularLocations":[{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"17956333"}],"value":"Cell membrane","id":"SL-0039"}},{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32179842"}],"value":"Cytoplasm","id":"SL-0086"}}]},{"texts":[{"value":"The source of this protein is neonatal foreskin. The 67-kDa type II keratins are expressed in terminally differentiating epidermis"}],"commentType":"TISSUE SPECIFICITY"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32179842"}],"value":"Repressed in keratinocytes by all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), via reduction of mRNA stability"}],"commentType":"INDUCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11841545"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8780679"}],"value":"Undergoes deimination of some arginine residues (citrullination)"}],"commentType":"PTM"},{"texts":[{"value":"There are two size variants of KRT1, termed allele 1A and allele 1B with allelic frequencies of 0.61 and 0.39. Allele 1B lacks 7 residues compared to allele 1A"}],"commentType":"POLYMORPHISM"},{"commentType":"DISEASE","disease":{"diseaseId":"Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis 1","diseaseAccession":"DI-00207","acronym":"EHK1","description":"A skin disorder characterized by widespread blistering and an ichthyotic erythroderma at birth that persist into adulthood. Histologically there is a diffuse epidermolytic degeneration in the lower spinous layer of the epidermis. Within a few weeks from birth, erythroderma and blister formation diminish and hyperkeratoses develop. EHK1 inheritance is autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive.","diseaseCrossReference":{"database":"MIM","id":"113800"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10232403"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10688370"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10844506"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11531804"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12406348"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1380725"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1381288"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21271994"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"7507151"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"7507152"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"7512983"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9856846"}]},"note":{"texts":[{"value":"The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry"}]}},{"commentType":"DISEASE","disease":{"diseaseId":"Ichthyosis hystrix, Curth-Macklin type","diseaseAccession":"DI-00585","acronym":"IHCM","description":"A genodermatosis with severe verrucous hyperkeratosis. Affected individuals manifest congenital verrucous black scale on the scalp, neck, and limbs with truncal erythema, palmoplantar keratoderma and keratoses on the lips, ears, nipples and buttocks.","diseaseCrossReference":{"database":"MIM","id":"146590"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11286616"}]},"note":{"texts":[{"value":"The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry"}]}},{"commentType":"DISEASE","disease":{"diseaseId":"Keratoderma, palmoplantar, non-epidermolytic","diseaseAccession":"DI-00894","acronym":"NEPPK","description":"A dermatological disorder characterized by well-demarcated hyperkeratosis is present over the palms and soles. A red band is frequently present at the periphery of the keratosis. It is usually non-transgredient, with a sharp demarcation of the lesions at the wrists.","diseaseCrossReference":{"database":"MIM","id":"600962"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"7528239"}]},"note":{"texts":[{"value":"The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry"}]}},{"commentType":"DISEASE","disease":{"diseaseId":"Ichthyosis, annular epidermolytic, 2","diseaseAccession":"DI-06539","acronym":"AEI2","description":"A form of annular epidermolytic ichthyosis, an autosomal dominant skin disorder characterized by polycyclic, migratory erythematous and scaly plaques. AEI2 patients manifest erythema and blistering of skin at birth that improves without scarring, as well as palmoplantar keratoderma.","diseaseCrossReference":{"database":"MIM","id":"620148"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10053007"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10597140"}]},"note":{"texts":[{"value":"The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry"}]}},{"commentType":"DISEASE","disease":{"diseaseId":"Keratoderma, palmoplantar, striate 3","diseaseAccession":"DI-00897","acronym":"SPPK3","description":"A dermatological disorder characterized by thickening of the stratum corneum and epidermal layers on palms and soles. There is no involvement of non-palmoplantar skin, and both hair and nails are normal.","diseaseCrossReference":{"database":"MIM","id":"607654"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11982762"}]},"note":{"texts":[{"value":"The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry"}]}},{"commentType":"DISEASE","disease":{"diseaseId":"Palmoplantar keratoderma, epidermolytic, 2","diseaseAccession":"DI-06700","acronym":"EPPK2","description":"A form of epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, a dermatological disorder characterized by diffuse thickening of the epidermis on the entire surface of palms and soles sharply bordered with erythematous margins. Some patients may present knuckle pads, thick pads of skin appearing over the proximal phalangeal joints. EPPK2 is an autosomal dominant form in which hyperkeratosis is restricted to palms and soles and is apparent from birth or childhood.","diseaseCrossReference":{"database":"MIM","id":"620411"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11286630"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"37122192"}]},"note":{"texts":[{"value":"The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry"}]}},{"texts":[{"value":"There are two types of cytoskeletal and microfibrillar keratin: I (acidic; 40-55 kDa) and II (neutral to basic; 56-70 kDa)"}],"commentType":"MISCELLANEOUS"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000255","source":"PROSITE-ProRule","id":"PRU01188"}],"value":"Belongs to the intermediate filament family"}],"commentType":"SIMILARITY"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"23895828"}],"value":"A peptide corresponding to residues 278 to 289 was isolated as part of plant proteomics studies and was originally thought to be of plant origin (PubMed:16529377, PubMed:18602030, PubMed:19412582). However, it was later shown that it is likely to be human type II keratin, a common contaminant in proteomic analyses (PubMed:23895828)"}],"commentType":"CAUTION"},{"commentType":"WEB RESOURCE","resourceName":"Wikipedia","resourceUrl":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratin_1","ftp":false,"note":"Keratin-1 entry"}],"features":[{"type":"Initiator methionine","location":{"start":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Removed","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12665801"}]},{"type":"Chain","location":{"start":{"value":2,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":644,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 1","featureId":"PRO_0000063709"},{"type":"Domain","location":{"start":{"value":180,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":493,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"IF rod","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000255","source":"PROSITE-ProRule","id":"PRU01188"}]},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":2,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":179,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Head"},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":22,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":47,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Disordered","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000256","source":"SAM","id":"MobiDB-lite"}]},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":180,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":215,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Coil 1A"},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":216,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":234,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Linker 1"},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":235,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":326,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Coil 1B"},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":327,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":350,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Linker 12"},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":351,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":489,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Coil 2"},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":489,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":523,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Disordered","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000256","source":"SAM","id":"MobiDB-lite"}]},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":490,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":644,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Tail"},{"type":"Region","location":{"start":{"value":568,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":644,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Disordered","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000256","source":"SAM","id":"MobiDB-lite"}]},{"type":"Compositional bias","location":{"start":{"value":22,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":38,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Low complexity","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000256","source":"SAM","id":"MobiDB-lite"}]},{"type":"Compositional 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