{"results":[{"entryType":"UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)","primaryAccession":"Q9GZX7","secondaryAccessions":["Q6QJ81","Q8NFC1"],"uniProtkbId":"AICDA_HUMAN","entryAudit":{"firstPublicDate":"2002-10-10","lastAnnotationUpdateDate":"2026-09-02","lastSequenceUpdateDate":"2001-03-01","entryVersion":196,"sequenceVersion":1},"annotationScore":5.0,"organism":{"scientificName":"Homo sapiens","commonName":"Human","taxonId":9606,"lineage":["Eukaryota","Metazoa","Chordata","Craniata","Vertebrata","Euteleostomi","Mammalia","Eutheria","Euarchontoglires","Primates","Haplorrhini","Catarrhini","Hominidae","Homo"]},"proteinExistence":"1: Evidence at protein level","proteinDescription":{"recommendedName":{"fullName":{"value":"Single-stranded DNA cytosine deaminase"},"ecNumbers":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"18722174"}],"value":"3.5.4.38"}]},"alternativeNames":[{"fullName":{"value":"Activation-induced cytidine deaminase"},"shortNames":[{"value":"AID"}]},{"fullName":{"value":"Cytidine aminohydrolase"}}]},"genes":[{"geneName":{"value":"AICDA"},"synonyms":[{"value":"AID"}]}],"comments":[{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"18722174"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21385873"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21496894"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21518874"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27716525"}],"value":"Single-stranded DNA-specific cytidine deaminase. Involved in somatic hypermutation (SHM), gene conversion, and class-switch recombination (CSR) in B-lymphocytes by deaminating C to U during transcription of Ig-variable (V) and Ig-switch (S) region DNA. Required for several crucial steps of B-cell terminal differentiation necessary for efficient antibody responses (PubMed:18722174, PubMed:21385873, PubMed:21518874, PubMed:27716525). May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression by participating in DNA demethylation (PubMed:21496894)"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"commentType":"CATALYTIC ACTIVITY","reaction":{"name":"a 2'-deoxycytidine in single-stranded DNA + H2O + H(+) = a 2'-deoxyuridine in single-stranded DNA + NH4(+)","reactionCrossReferences":[{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:50948"},{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA-COMP:12846"},{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA-COMP:12847"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:15377"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:15378"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:28938"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:85452"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:133902"}],"ecNumber":"3.5.4.38","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"18722174"}]}},{"commentType":"COFACTOR","cofactors":[{"name":"Zn(2+)","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27258794"}],"cofactorCrossReference":{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:29105"}}]},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"Q9WVE0"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16387847"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"18722174"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"20507984"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21385873"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21518874"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23277564"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32484799"}],"value":"Interacts with CTNNBL1; the interaction is important for the immunoglobulin switch activity of AICDA (PubMed:18722174, PubMed:21385873, PubMed:32484799). Interacts (via its NLS) with KPNA1. Interacts with PKA/PRKACA and PRKAR1A/PKR1 (PubMed:16387847). Interacts with TRIM28 and NCL (By similarity). Interacts with SUPT6H (PubMed:21518874). Interacts with RNF126 (PubMed:23277564). Directly interacts with MCM3AP; this interaction may favor AICDA recruitment to immunoglobulin variable region genes, hence promoting somatic hypermutations (PubMed:20507984)"}],"commentType":"SUBUNIT"},{"commentType":"INTERACTION","interactions":[{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9GZX7","intActId":"EBI-3834328"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9GZX7","geneName":"AICDA","intActId":"EBI-3834328"},"numberOfExperiments":2,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9GZX7","intActId":"EBI-3834328"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P31689","geneName":"DNAJA1","intActId":"EBI-347834"},"numberOfExperiments":6,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9GZX7","intActId":"EBI-3834328"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"O60884","geneName":"DNAJA2","intActId":"EBI-352957"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9GZX7","intActId":"EBI-3834328"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P24522","geneName":"GADD45A","intActId":"EBI-448167"},"numberOfExperiments":5,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9GZX7","intActId":"EBI-3834328"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P11142","geneName":"HSPA8","intActId":"EBI-351896"},"numberOfExperiments":2,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9GZX7","intActId":"EBI-3834328"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P52294","geneName":"KPNA1","intActId":"EBI-358383"},"numberOfExperiments":2,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9GZX7","intActId":"EBI-3834328"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"O00505","geneName":"KPNA3","intActId":"EBI-358297"},"numberOfExperiments":2,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9GZX7","intActId":"EBI-3834328"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"O15131","geneName":"KPNA5","intActId":"EBI-540602"},"numberOfExperiments":2,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9GZX7","intActId":"EBI-3834328"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P17612","geneName":"PRKACA","intActId":"EBI-476586"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9GZX7","intActId":"EBI-3834328"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P10644","geneName":"PRKAR1A","intActId":"EBI-476431"},"numberOfExperiments":5,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9GZX7","intActId":"EBI-3834328"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q13569","geneName":"TDG","intActId":"EBI-348333"},"numberOfExperiments":5,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9GZX7","intActId":"EBI-3834328"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q784Z8","geneName":"C","intActId":"EBI-11666471"},"numberOfExperiments":2,"organismDiffer":true}]},{"commentType":"SUBCELLULAR LOCATION","note":{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"Q9WVE0"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21385873"}],"value":"Predominantly cytosolic (PubMed:21385873). In the presence of MCM3AP/GANP, relocalizes to the nucleus (By similarity)"}]},"subcellularLocations":[{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21385873"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32484799"}],"value":"Nucleus","id":"SL-0191"}},{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"18722174"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21385873"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23166356"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32484799"}],"value":"Cytoplasm, cytosol","id":"SL-0091"}}]},{"commentType":"ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS","events":["Alternative splicing"],"isoforms":[{"name":{"value":"1"},"isoformIds":["Q9GZX7-1"],"isoformSequenceStatus":"Displayed"},{"name":{"value":"2"},"isoformIds":["Q9GZX7-2"],"sequenceIds":["VSP_047803"],"isoformSequenceStatus":"Described"}]},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23166356"}],"value":"Strongly expressed in lymph nodes and tonsils"}],"commentType":"TISSUE SPECIFICITY"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23166356"}],"value":"Negatively regulated by microRNA-155 (miR-155)"}],"commentType":"INDUCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16387847"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"18722174"}],"value":"Ser-38 is the major site whereas Thr-27 is the minor site of phosphorylation. Phosphorylation regulates its class-switch recombination activity"}],"commentType":"PTM"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23277564"}],"value":"Probably monoubiquitinated on several residues by RNF126"}],"commentType":"PTM"},{"commentType":"DISEASE","disease":{"diseaseId":"Immunodeficiency with hyper-IgM 2","diseaseAccession":"DI-01241","acronym":"HIGM2","description":"A rare immunodeficiency syndrome characterized by normal or elevated serum IgM levels with absence of IgG, IgA, and IgE. 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