{"entryType":"UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)","primaryAccession":"Q9C093","secondaryAccessions":["Q2TAC9","Q96LL6","Q9H5C7","Q9H5Q7"],"uniProtkbId":"SPEF2_HUMAN","entryAudit":{"firstPublicDate":"2007-08-21","lastAnnotationUpdateDate":"2026-09-02","lastSequenceUpdateDate":"2007-08-21","entryVersion":156,"sequenceVersion":2},"annotationScore":5.0,"organism":{"scientificName":"Homo sapiens","commonName":"Human","taxonId":9606,"lineage":["Eukaryota","Metazoa","Chordata","Craniata","Vertebrata","Euteleostomi","Mammalia","Eutheria","Euarchontoglires","Primates","Haplorrhini","Catarrhini","Hominidae","Homo"]},"proteinExistence":"1: Evidence at protein level","proteinDescription":{"recommendedName":{"fullName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000312","source":"HGNC","id":"HGNC:26293"}],"value":"Sperm flagella and cilia-associated protein 2"}},"alternativeNames":[{"fullName":{"value":"Protein KPL2"}},{"fullName":{"value":"Sperm flagellar protein 2"}}]},"genes":[{"geneName":{"value":"SPEF2"},"synonyms":[{"value":"KIAA1770"},{"value":"KPL2"}]}],"comments":[{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"Q8C9J3"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"31048344"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"31151990"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"31278745"}],"value":"Required for correct axoneme development in spermatozoa. Important for normal development of the manchette and sperm head morphology. Essential for male fertility. Plays a role in localization of the intraflagellar transport protein IFT20 to the manchette, suggesting function as an adapter for dynein-mediated protein transport during spermatogenesis (PubMed:31048344, PubMed:31151990, PubMed:31278745). Plays a role in bone growth where it seems to be required for normal osteoblast differentiation (By similarity). Required for normal beat frequency of tracheal epithelial cilia and oviduct cilia (By similarity)"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"Q8C9J3"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"19889948"}],"value":"Interacts (via C-terminus) with IFT20 (PubMed:19889948). Interacts with DYNC1I2 (By similarity)"}],"commentType":"SUBUNIT"},{"commentType":"SUBCELLULAR LOCATION","note":{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"Q8C9J3"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"31545650"}],"value":"Shows dynamic localization in developing spermatozoa (By similarity). Localizes to the manchette in step 10-12 elongating spermatids (By similarity). Detected in the basal body and neck area of step 13-14 spermatids (By similarity). Localizes to the midpiece of the sperm tail in step 15-16 spermatids (By similarity). During the epididymal transport of spermatozoa, expression in the sperm tail reduces and becomes concentrated at the distal part of the midpiece (By similarity). Detected in the Golgi apparatus of late spermatocytes and round spermatids (By similarity). Detected in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cells (By similarity). Detected in the axoneme of ciliated respiratory epithelial cells (PubMed:31545650)"}]},"subcellularLocations":[{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"31048344"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"31151990"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"31278745"}],"value":"Cell projection, cilium, flagellum","id":"SL-0117"}},{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"Q8C9J3"}],"value":"Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, flagellum basal body","id":"SL-0308"}},{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"Q8C9J3"}],"value":"Cytoplasm","id":"SL-0086"}},{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"Q8C9J3"}],"value":"Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton","id":"SL-0090"}},{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"Q8C9J3"}],"value":"Golgi 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