{"entryType":"UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)","primaryAccession":"Q8LDD3","secondaryAccessions":["Q9SZL0"],"uniProtkbId":"CUT1D_ARATH","entryAudit":{"firstPublicDate":"2013-11-13","lastAnnotationUpdateDate":"2026-09-02","lastSequenceUpdateDate":"2002-10-01","entryVersion":113,"sequenceVersion":1},"annotationScore":4.0,"organism":{"scientificName":"Arabidopsis thaliana","commonName":"Mouse-ear cress","taxonId":3702,"lineage":["Eukaryota","Viridiplantae","Streptophyta","Embryophyta","Tracheophyta","Spermatophyta","Magnoliopsida","eudicotyledons","Gunneridae","Pentapetalae","rosids","malvids","Brassicales","Brassicaceae","Camelineae","Arabidopsis"]},"proteinExistence":"1: Evidence at protein level","proteinDescription":{"recommendedName":{"fullName":{"value":"Protein CURVATURE THYLAKOID 1D, chloroplastic"}},"flag":"Precursor"},"genes":[{"geneName":{"value":"CURT1D"},"orderedLocusNames":[{"value":"At4g38100"}],"orfNames":[{"value":"F20D10.220"}]}],"comments":[{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23839788"}],"value":"Determines thylakoid architecture by inducing membrane curvature"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23839788"}],"value":"Homo- and heterodimers and trimers"}],"commentType":"SUBUNIT"},{"commentType":"SUBCELLULAR LOCATION","subcellularLocations":[{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23839788"}],"value":"Plastid, chloroplast thylakoid membrane","id":"SL-0058"},"topology":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23839788"}],"value":"Multi-pass membrane protein","id":"SL-9909"}}]},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23839788"}],"value":"No effect on growth behavior, leaf coloration, grana stacks or photochemical efficiency of photosystem II. Curt1a, curt1b, curt1c and curt1d quadruple mutant shows disorganized thylakoids with extended stretches of unstacked membranes and broader stacks made up of fewer layers"}],"commentType":"DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Belongs to the CURT family"}],"commentType":"SIMILARITY"},{"commentType":"SEQUENCE CAUTION","sequenceCautionType":"Erroneous gene model prediction","sequence":"CAB37550.1","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}]},{"commentType":"SEQUENCE CAUTION","sequenceCautionType":"Erroneous gene model prediction","sequence":"CAB80475.1","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}]}],"features":[{"type":"Transit peptide","location":{"start":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":51,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Chloroplast","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000255"}]},{"type":"Chain","location":{"start":{"value":52,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":193,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Protein CURVATURE THYLAKOID 1D, chloroplastic","featureId":"PRO_0000424361"},{"type":"Topological domain","location":{"start":{"value":52,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":117,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Stromal","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23839788"}]},{"type":"Transmembrane","location":{"start":{"value":118,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":138,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Helical","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000255"}]},{"type":"Topological domain","location":{"start":{"value":139,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":142,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Lumenal","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23839788"}]},{"type":"Transmembrane","location":{"start":{"value":143,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":163,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Helical","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000255"}]},{"type":"Topological domain","location":{"start":{"value":164,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":193,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Stromal","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23839788"}]}],"keywords":[{"id":"KW-0150","category":"Cellular component","name":"Chloroplast"},{"id":"KW-0472","category":"Cellular component","name":"Membrane"},{"id":"KW-0934","category":"Cellular component","name":"Plastid"},{"id":"KW-1185","category":"Technical term","name":"Reference proteome"},{"id":"KW-0793","category":"Cellular component","name":"Thylakoid"},{"id":"KW-0809","category":"Domain","name":"Transit peptide"},{"id":"KW-0812","category":"Domain","name":"Transmembrane"},{"id":"KW-1133","category":"Domain","name":"Transmembrane helix"}],"references":[{"referenceNumber":1,"citation":{"id":"10617198","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Mayer K.F.X.","Schueller C.","Wambutt R.","Murphy G.","Volckaert G.","Pohl T.","Duesterhoeft A.","Stiekema W.","Entian K.-D.","Terryn N.","Harris B.","Ansorge W.","Brandt P.","Grivell L.A.","Rieger M.","Weichselgartner M.","de Simone V.","Obermaier B.","Mache R.","Mueller M.","Kreis M.","Delseny M.","Puigdomenech P.","Watson M.","Schmidtheini T.","Reichert B.","Portetelle D.","Perez-Alonso M.","Boutry M.","Bancroft I.","Vos P.","Hoheisel J.","Zimmermann W.","Wedler H.","Ridley P.","Langham S.-A.","McCullagh B.","Bilham L.","Robben J.","van der Schueren J.","Grymonprez B.","Chuang Y.-J.","Vandenbussche F.","Braeken M.","Weltjens I.","Voet M.","Bastiaens I.","Aert R.","Defoor E.","Weitzenegger T.","Bothe G.","Ramsperger U.","Hilbert H.","Braun M.","Holzer E.","Brandt A.","Peters S.","van Staveren M.","Dirkse W.","Mooijman P.","Klein Lankhorst R.","Rose M.","Hauf J.","Koetter P.","Berneiser S.","Hempel S.","Feldpausch M.","Lamberth S.","Van den Daele H.","De Keyser A.","Buysshaert C.","Gielen J.","Villarroel R.","De Clercq R.","van Montagu M.","Rogers J.","Cronin A.","Quail M.A.","Bray-Allen S.","Clark L.","Doggett J.","Hall S.","Kay M.","Lennard N.","McLay K.","Mayes R.","Pettett A.","Rajandream M.A.","Lyne M.","Benes V.","Rechmann S.","Borkova D.","Bloecker H.","Scharfe M.","Grimm M.","Loehnert T.-H.","Dose S.","de Haan M.","Maarse A.C.","Schaefer M.","Mueller-Auer S.","Gabel C.","Fuchs M.","Fartmann B.","Granderath K.","Dauner D.","Herzl A.","Neumann S.","Argiriou A.","Vitale D.","Liguori R.","Piravandi E.","Massenet O.","Quigley F.","Clabauld G.","Muendlein A.","Felber R.","Schnabl S.","Hiller R.","Schmidt W.","Lecharny A.","Aubourg S.","Chefdor F.","Cooke R.","Berger C.","Monfort A.","Casacuberta E.","Gibbons T.","Weber N.","Vandenbol M.","Bargues M.","Terol J.","Torres A.","Perez-Perez A.","Purnelle B.","Bent E.","Johnson S.","Tacon D.","Jesse T.","Heijnen L.","Schwarz S.","Scholler P.","Heber S.","Francs P.","Bielke C.","Frishman D.","Haase D.","Lemcke K.","Mewes H.-W.","Stocker S.","Zaccaria P.","Bevan M.","Wilson R.K.","de la Bastide M.","Habermann K.","Parnell L.","Dedhia N.","Gnoj L.","Schutz K.","Huang E.","Spiegel L.","Sekhon M.","Murray J.","Sheet P.","Cordes M.","Abu-Threideh J.","Stoneking T.","Kalicki J.","Graves T.","Harmon G.","Edwards J.","Latreille P.","Courtney L.","Cloud J.","Abbott A.","Scott K.","Johnson D.","Minx P.","Bentley D.","Fulton B.","Miller N.","Greco T.","Kemp K.","Kramer J.","Fulton L.","Mardis E.","Dante M.","Pepin K.","Hillier L.W.","Nelson J.","Spieth J.","Ryan E.","Andrews S.","Geisel C.","Layman D.","Du H.","Ali J.","Berghoff A.","Jones K.","Drone K.","Cotton M.","Joshu C.","Antonoiu B.","Zidanic M.","Strong C.","Sun H.","Lamar B.","Yordan C.","Ma P.","Zhong J.","Preston R.","Vil D.","Shekher M.","Matero A.","Shah R.","Swaby I.K.","O'Shaughnessy A.","Rodriguez M.","Hoffman J.","Till S.","Granat S.","Shohdy N.","Hasegawa A.","Hameed A.","Lodhi M.","Johnson A.","Chen E.","Marra M.A.","Martienssen R.","McCombie W.R."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"10617198"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1038/47134"}],"title":"Sequence and analysis of chromosome 4 of the plant Arabidopsis thaliana.","publicationDate":"1999","journal":"Nature","firstPage":"769","lastPage":"777","volume":"402"},"referencePositions":["NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]"],"referenceComments":[{"value":"cv. Columbia","type":"STRAIN"}]},{"referenceNumber":2,"citation":{"id":"27862469","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Cheng C.Y.","Krishnakumar V.","Chan A.P.","Thibaud-Nissen F.","Schobel S.","Town C.D."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"27862469"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1111/tpj.13415"}],"title":"Araport11: a complete reannotation of the Arabidopsis thaliana reference genome.","publicationDate":"2017","journal":"Plant J.","firstPage":"789","lastPage":"804","volume":"89"},"referencePositions":["GENOME REANNOTATION"],"referenceComments":[{"value":"cv. Columbia","type":"STRAIN"}]},{"referenceNumber":3,"citation":{"id":"CI-CI4AM1G71UC0S","citationType":"submission","authoringGroup":["The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR)"],"title":"Community-consensus reference genome of Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0.","publicationDate":"FEB-2026","submissionDatabase":"EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases"},"referencePositions":["GENOME REANNOTATION"],"referenceComments":[{"value":"cv. Columbia","type":"STRAIN"}]},{"referenceNumber":4,"citation":{"id":"CI-8S3SNT148MRMU","citationType":"submission","authors":["Kim C.J.","Chen H.","Quinitio C.","Shinn P.","Ecker J.R."],"title":"Arabidopsis ORF clones.","publicationDate":"JUN-2006","submissionDatabase":"EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases"},"referencePositions":["NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]"]},{"referenceNumber":5,"citation":{"id":"CI-3TH3AFLAVIRO9","citationType":"submission","authors":["Brover V.V.","Troukhan M.E.","Alexandrov N.A.","Lu Y.-P.","Flavell R.B.","Feldmann K.A."],"title":"Full-length cDNA from Arabidopsis thaliana.","publicationDate":"MAR-2002","submissionDatabase":"EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases"},"referencePositions":["NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]"]},{"referenceNumber":6,"citation":{"id":"23839788","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Armbruster U.","Labs M.","Pribil M.","Viola S.","Xu W.","Scharfenberg M.","Hertle A.P.","Rojahn U.","Jensen P.E.","Rappaport F.","Joliot P.","Doermann P.","Wanner G.","Leister D."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"23839788"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1105/tpc.113.113118"}],"title":"Arabidopsis CURVATURE THYLAKOID1 proteins modify thylakoid architecture by inducing membrane curvature.","publicationDate":"2013","journal":"Plant Cell","firstPage":"2661","lastPage":"2678","volume":"25"},"referencePositions":["FUNCTION","TOPOLOGY","SUBCELLULAR LOCATION","SUBUNIT","NOMENCLATURE","DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE"]}],"uniProtKBCrossReferences":[{"database":"EMBL","id":"AL035538","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"CAB37550.1"},{"key":"Status","value":"ALT_SEQ"},{"key":"MoleculeType","value":"Genomic_DNA"}]},{"database":"EMBL","id":"AL161592","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"CAB80475.1"},{"key":"Status","value":"ALT_SEQ"},{"key":"MoleculeType","value":"Genomic_DNA"}]},{"database":"EMBL","id":"CP002687","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"AEE86878.1"},{"key":"Status","value":"-"},{"key":"MoleculeType","value":"Genomic_DNA"}]},{"database":"EMBL","id":"OZ408686","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"CAO7050317.1"},{"key":"Status","value":"-"},{"key":"MoleculeType","value":"Genomic_DNA"}]},{"database":"EMBL","id":"BT025771","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"ABF83661.1"},{"key":"Status","value":"-"},{"key":"MoleculeType","value":"mRNA"}]},{"database":"EMBL","id":"AY086071","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"AAM63277.1"},{"key":"Status","value":"-"},{"key":"MoleculeType","value":"mRNA"}]},{"database":"PIR","id":"T05637","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"T05637"}]},{"database":"RefSeq","id":"NP_001328504.1","properties":[{"key":"NucleotideSequenceId","value":"NM_001342479.1"}]},{"database":"RefSeq","id":"NP_568035.1","properties":[{"key":"NucleotideSequenceId","value":"NM_119971.4"}]},{"database":"AlphaFoldDB","id":"Q8LDD3","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"FunCoup","id":"Q8LDD3","properties":[{"key":"Number of interactors","value":"253"}]},{"database":"STRING","id":"3702.Q8LDD3","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"TCDB","id":"8.A.155.1.4","properties":[{"key":"FamilyName","value":"the curt protein (curtp) family"}]},{"database":"PaxDb","id":"3702-Q8LDD3","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"ProteomicsDB","id":"220460","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"GeneID","id":"829966","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"KEGG","id":"ath:AT4G38100","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"Araport","id":"AT4G38100","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"TAIR","id":"AT4G38100","properties":[{"key":"GeneName","value":"CURT1D"}]},{"database":"eggNOG","id":"ENOG502S1WK","properties":[{"key":"ToxonomicScope","value":"Eukaryota"}]},{"database":"HOGENOM","id":"CLU_116915_0_0_1","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"InParanoid","id":"Q8LDD3","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"OrthoDB","id":"2014299at2759","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"PhylomeDB","id":"Q8LDD3","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"PRO","id":"PR:Q8LDD3","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"Proteomes","id":"UP000006548","properties":[{"key":"Component","value":"Chromosome 4"}]},{"database":"ExpressionAtlas","id":"Q8LDD3","properties":[{"key":"ExpressionPatterns","value":"baseline and differential"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0009507","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"C:chloroplast"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"ISM:TAIR"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0009535","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"C:chloroplast thylakoid membrane"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"HDA:TAIR"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007005","source":"PubMed","id":"15322131"}]},{"database":"InterPro","id":"IPR025564","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"CAAD_dom"}]},{"database":"InterPro","id":"IPR033344","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"CURT1"}]},{"database":"PANTHER","id":"PTHR33222","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"-"},{"key":"MatchStatus","value":"1"}]},{"database":"PANTHER","id":"PTHR33222:SF2","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"PROTEIN CURVATURE THYLAKOID 1D, CHLOROPLASTIC"},{"key":"MatchStatus","value":"1"}]},{"database":"Pfam","id":"PF14159","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"CAAD"},{"key":"MatchStatus","value":"1"}]}],"sequence":{"value":"MELCTRSTTIITHLPASFNGHGYLAGKSVDRISLPLQRNVASLVLQSRTLRCSRKFPGETVTEETSTGVNEFGVEDRDGVVVAAEEKNSNSEAPQAEDEETQALEFLNDIKLDSDKTYSILLYGSGAIVALYLTSAIVSSLEAIPLFPKLMEVVGLGYTLWFTTRYLLFKRNREELKTKVSEIKKQVLGSDSE","length":193,"molWeight":21355,"crc64":"AAA6CECC59703659","md5":"4A8B6CA4C0C816C622DBEED7CA548003"},"extraAttributes":{"countByCommentType":{"FUNCTION":1,"SUBUNIT":1,"SUBCELLULAR LOCATION":1,"DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE":1,"SIMILARITY":1,"SEQUENCE CAUTION":2},"countByFeatureType":{"Transit peptide":1,"Chain":1,"Topological domain":3,"Transmembrane":2},"uniParcId":"UPI00000A2721"}}