{"entryType":"UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)","primaryAccession":"Q06609","secondaryAccessions":["B0FXP0","B2R8T6","Q6FHX9","Q6ZNA8","Q9BV60"],"uniProtkbId":"RAD51_HUMAN","entryAudit":{"firstPublicDate":"1994-06-01","lastAnnotationUpdateDate":"2026-09-02","lastSequenceUpdateDate":"1994-06-01","entryVersion":252,"sequenceVersion":1},"annotationScore":5.0,"organism":{"scientificName":"Homo sapiens","commonName":"Human","taxonId":9606,"lineage":["Eukaryota","Metazoa","Chordata","Craniata","Vertebrata","Euteleostomi","Mammalia","Eutheria","Euarchontoglires","Primates","Haplorrhini","Catarrhini","Hominidae","Homo"]},"proteinExistence":"1: Evidence at protein level","proteinDescription":{"recommendedName":{"fullName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"DNA repair protein RAD51 homolog 1"},"shortNames":[{"value":"HsRAD51"},{"value":"hRAD51"}],"ecNumbers":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15226506"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"19303847"}],"value":"3.6.4.-"}]},"alternativeNames":[{"fullName":{"value":"RAD51 homolog A"}}]},"genes":[{"geneName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"8358431"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000312","source":"HGNC","id":"HGNC:9817"}],"value":"RAD51"},"synonyms":[{"value":"RAD51A"},{"value":"RECA"}]}],"comments":[{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"Q08297"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12205100"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12442171"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15226506"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15937124"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"17515903"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"17515904"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"18417535"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"19303847"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"20231364"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"20348101"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"20413593"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"20729859"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22325354"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23509288"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23754376"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24141787"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"26253028"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"26681308"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27797818"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27941124"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"28575658"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"31844045"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32640219"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"37499663"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"38459011"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"38509361"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"39636933"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"41166468"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"7988572"}],"value":"Homologous DNA recombinase that catalyzes strand exchange, a key step in DNA repair through homologous recombination (HR) (PubMed:12205100, PubMed:12442171, PubMed:15937124, PubMed:17515904, PubMed:17515903, PubMed:18417535, PubMed:19303847, PubMed:20231364, PubMed:20348101, PubMed:22325354, PubMed:23509288, PubMed:23754376, PubMed:24141787, PubMed:26681308, PubMed:27941124, PubMed:28575658, PubMed:32640219, PubMed:37499663, PubMed:38509361, PubMed:7988572). Binds to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in an ATP-dependent manner to form nucleoprotein filaments which are essential for the homology search and strand exchange (PubMed:12205100, PubMed:15937124, PubMed:17515904, PubMed:17515903, PubMed:18417535, PubMed:19303847, PubMed:15226506, PubMed:20231364, PubMed:20348101, PubMed:23509288, PubMed:23754376, PubMed:26681308, PubMed:28575658, PubMed:37499663, PubMed:39636933, PubMed:41166468, PubMed:38509361, PubMed:7988572). Catalyzes the recognition of homology and strand exchange between homologous DNA partners to form a joint molecule between a processed DNA break and the repair template (PubMed:12205100, PubMed:18417535, PubMed:19303847, PubMed:20231364, PubMed:20348101, PubMed:23509288, PubMed:23754376, PubMed:26681308, PubMed:28575658, PubMed:38459011). RAD51 targeting to ssDNA promotes removal of replication protein-A (RPA) from ssDNA and stabilization of RAD51-ssDNA filaments by blocking ATP hydrolysis (PubMed:20729859). Nucleosomal DNA is peeled from the histone surface by the RAD51 filament (PubMed:38509361). Recruited to resolve stalled replication forks during replication stress (PubMed:27797818, PubMed:31844045). Also required for homologous recombination during meiosis by acting as an non-catalytic accessory factor for DMC1 recombinase, enabling proper chromosome pairing and crossing over (By similarity). Plays a role in regulating mitochondrial DNA copy number under conditions of oxidative stress in the presence of RAD51C and XRCC3 (PubMed:20413593). Also involved in interstrand cross-link repair (PubMed:26253028)"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"commentType":"CATALYTIC ACTIVITY","reaction":{"name":"ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate + H(+)","reactionCrossReferences":[{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:13065"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:15377"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:15378"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:30616"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:43474"},{"database":"ChEBI","id":"CHEBI:456216"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15226506"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"19303847"}]},"physiologicalReactions":[{"directionType":"left-to-right","reactionCrossReference":{"database":"Rhea","id":"RHEA:13066"},"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"15226506"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"19303847"}]}]},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15226506"}],"value":"Acts as a self-inactivating ATPase, with rapid ATP hydrolysis and slow ADP dissociation (PubMed:15226506). Ca(2+) by reducing the ATPase activity preserves the nucleoprotein filament in its active state, thereby stimulating the DNA strand exchange activity of RAD51 (PubMed:15226506)"}],"commentType":"ACTIVITY REGULATION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"Q08297"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10851248"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11842113"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11884632"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12205100"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12427746"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12442171"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"14580352"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15937124"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16428451"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16990250"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"17515903"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"17515904"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"18449195"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"19303847"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"19995904"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"20154705"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"20231364"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"20348101"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"20705237"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"20729859"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"20871615"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21252223"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21965664"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22153967"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23393192"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23401855"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23509288"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23754376"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24141787"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"25642963"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"26811421"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"26833090"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27797818"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27941124"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"28575658"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"29507080"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"31844045"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"32640219"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"34937945"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"37499663"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"38459011"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"39636933"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"41166468"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9192668"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9321665"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9396801"}],"value":"Forms linear homooligomers, giving rise to a RAD51 nucleoprotein filament, which is essential for strand-pairing reactions during DNA recombination (PubMed:12442171, PubMed:19303847, PubMed:29507080, PubMed:39636933, PubMed:41166468). Interacts with the BCDX2 subcomplex with RAD51B and RAD51C (PubMed:12427746). Component of the homologous recombination repair (HR) complex composed of ERCC5/XPG, BRCA2, PALB2, DSS1 and RAD51 (PubMed:26833090). Component of a multiprotein complex with MEIOB and SPATA22 (By similarity). Interacts with the complex BRME1:HSF2BP:BRCA2 (By similarity). Interacts with the MND1-PSMC3IP heterodimer (By similarity). Interacts with BRCA2; promoting recruitment to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and nucleation into nucleoprotein filaments (PubMed:12442171, PubMed:14580352, PubMed:15937124, PubMed:17515903, PubMed:17515904, PubMed:19303847, PubMed:20729859, PubMed:27941124, PubMed:37499663). Interacts with RAD54L; the interaction enhances RAD51-mediated homology search and strand invasion (PubMed:12205100, PubMed:9321665). Interacts with RAD54B; the interaction could enhance RAD51-mediated homology search and strand invasion (PubMed:10851248, PubMed:11884632, PubMed:16428451). Interacts directly with PALB2 which may serve as a scaffold for a HR complex containing PALB2, BRCA2, RAD51C, RAD51 and XRCC3 (PubMed:20871615, PubMed:24141787). Found in a complex, at least composed of BLM, RAD51 and SPIDR; the complex formation is mediated by SPIDR (PubMed:23509288). Interacts with SPIDR; the interaction is direct and recruits RAD51 to DNA damage sites (PubMed:23509288). Interacts with FIGNL1; the interaction is direct and promotes dissociation of RAD51 nucleoprotein filaments (PubMed:23754376, PubMed:39636933, PubMed:41166468). Interacts with RAD51AP1 (via C-terminal region); the interaction is direct (PubMed:23754376, PubMed:9192668, PubMed:9396801). Interacts with RAD51AP2 (PubMed:16990250). Interacts with NABP2 and RPA1 (PubMed:18449195, PubMed:20705237). Interacts with SWI5/C9orf119, and at lower level with SFR1/MEIR5 (PubMed:21252223, PubMed:23754376). Interacts with hyperphosphorylated RPA2; this interaction is necessary for efficient recruitment to chromatin in response to DNA damage (PubMed:20154705). Interacts with SWSAP1; involved in homologous recombination repair (PubMed:21965664). Interacts with PARPBP and RECQL5; these interactions interfere with the formation of the RAD51-DNA homologous recombination structure (PubMed:20231364, PubMed:20348101, PubMed:22153967). Interacts with XRCC3 (PubMed:11842113). Interacts with FBH1 (PubMed:23393192). Interacts with POLQ; POLQ acts as an inhibitor of homology-recombination repair (HR) pathway by limiting RAD51 accumulation at resected ends (PubMed:25642963). Interacts with POLN (PubMed:19995904). Interacts with RFWD3 (PubMed:28575658). Interacts with the MCM8-MCM9 complex; the interaction recruits RAD51 to DNA damage sites (PubMed:23401855). Interacts with HELQ; stimulating HELQ DNA helicase activity and ability to unwing DNA (PubMed:34937945). Interacts with MMS22L; the interaction is direct and promotes recruitment of RAD51 to sites of DNA damage (PubMed:27797818). Interacts with the ATAD5 RFC-like complex (PubMed:31844045). Within the ATAD5 RFC-like complex, interacts with ATAD5 (via N-terminus); the interaction is direct and enhanced under replication stress (PubMed:31844045). Interacts with WDR48; the interaction is enhanced under replication stress (PubMed:31844045). Interacts with DNA helicase ZGRF1; the interaction promotes RAD51 strand exchange activity (PubMed:32640219). Interacts (when phosphorylated) with TOPBP1; interaction takes place following phosphorylation by CK2 and PLK1 and promotes recruitment to DNA damage sites (PubMed:26811421). Interacts with GRB2; this interaction inhibits RAD51 ATPase activity to stabilize RAD51 on stalled replication forks (PubMed:38459011)"}],"commentType":"SUBUNIT"},{"commentType":"INTERACTION","interactions":[{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P51587","geneName":"BRCA2","intActId":"EBI-79792"},"numberOfExperiments":46,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"O14757","geneName":"CHEK1","intActId":"EBI-974488"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q00341","geneName":"HDLBP","intActId":"EBI-1049478"},"numberOfExperiments":2,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q13007","geneName":"IL24","intActId":"EBI-3915542"},"numberOfExperiments":2,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q96KN1","geneName":"LRATD2","intActId":"EBI-9057780"},"numberOfExperiments":4,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q14676","geneName":"MDC1","intActId":"EBI-495644"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P11245","geneName":"NAT2","intActId":"EBI-9057228"},"numberOfExperiments":4,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q9BZ95","geneName":"NSD3","intActId":"EBI-3390132"},"numberOfExperiments":4,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q86YC2","geneName":"PALB2","intActId":"EBI-1222653"},"numberOfExperiments":9,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"O75417-1","geneName":"POLQ","intActId":"EBI-16141065"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","geneName":"RAD51","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"numberOfExperiments":11,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q96B01-2","geneName":"RAD51AP1","intActId":"EBI-1178743"},"numberOfExperiments":6,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q96B01-3","geneName":"RAD51AP1","intActId":"EBI-1178748"},"numberOfExperiments":6,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"O43502","geneName":"RAD51C","intActId":"EBI-2267048"},"numberOfExperiments":6,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P43351","geneName":"RAD52","intActId":"EBI-706448"},"numberOfExperiments":3,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q14159","geneName":"SPIDR","intActId":"EBI-11318692"},"numberOfExperiments":6,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q6NVH7","geneName":"SWSAP1","intActId":"EBI-5281637"},"numberOfExperiments":2,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P28347","geneName":"TEAD1","intActId":"EBI-529156"},"numberOfExperiments":2,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P04637","geneName":"TP53","intActId":"EBI-366083"},"numberOfExperiments":2,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609","intActId":"EBI-297202"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"O43542","geneName":"XRCC3","intActId":"EBI-2849976"},"numberOfExperiments":5,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609-1","intActId":"EBI-15557721"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P51587","geneName":"BRCA2","intActId":"EBI-79792"},"numberOfExperiments":12,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609-1","intActId":"EBI-15557721"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"Q06609-1","geneName":"RAD51","intActId":"EBI-15557721"},"numberOfExperiments":4,"organismDiffer":false}]},{"commentType":"SUBCELLULAR LOCATION","note":{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"Q08297"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"20154705"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23401855"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23509288"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23754376"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"26811421"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"26833090"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27797818"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"31844045"}],"value":"Colocalizes with RAD51AP1 and RPA2 to multiple nuclear foci upon induction of DNA damage (PubMed:20154705). DNA damage induces an increase in nuclear levels (PubMed:20154705). Together with FIGNL1, redistributed in discrete nuclear DNA damage-induced foci after ionizing radiation (IR) or camptothecin (CPT) treatment (PubMed:23754376). Accumulated at sites of DNA damage in a SPIDR-dependent manner (PubMed:23509288). Recruited at sites of DNA damage in a MCM9-MCM8-dependent manner (PubMed:23401855). Recruited at sites of DNA damage following interaction with TOPBP1 in S-phase (PubMed:26811421). Colocalizes with ERCC5/XPG to nuclear foci in S phase (PubMed:26833090). Recruited to stalled replication forks during replication stress by the TONSL-MMS22L complex, as well as ATAD5 and WDR48 in an ATR-dependent manner (PubMed:27797818, PubMed:31844045). In germ cells, during meiotic prcess, binds single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) away from the break site (By similarity)"}]},"subcellularLocations":[{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"19303847"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22325354"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23401855"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"26811421"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27797818"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27941124"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"31844045"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"37499663"}],"value":"Chromosome","id":"SL-0468"}},{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12442171"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15665856"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"18417535"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"19783859"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23401855"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23509288"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"26681308"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"26833090"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9192668"}],"value":"Nucleus","id":"SL-0191"}},{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16215984"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"26681308"}],"value":"Cytoplasm","id":"SL-0086"}},{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16215984"}],"value":"Cytoplasm, perinuclear region","id":"SL-0198"}},{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"20413593"}],"value":"Mitochondrion matrix","id":"SL-0170"}},{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"21276791"}],"value":"Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome","id":"SL-0048"}}]},{"commentType":"ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS","events":["Alternative splicing"],"isoforms":[{"name":{"value":"1"},"isoformIds":["Q06609-1"],"isoformSequenceStatus":"Displayed"},{"name":{"value":"2"},"isoformIds":["Q06609-2"],"sequenceIds":["VSP_005556"],"isoformSequenceStatus":"Described"},{"name":{"value":"3"},"isoformIds":["Q06609-3"],"sequenceIds":["VSP_041724","VSP_041725"],"isoformSequenceStatus":"Described"},{"name":{"value":"4"},"isoformIds":["Q06609-4"],"sequenceIds":["VSP_043655"],"isoformSequenceStatus":"Described"}]},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"18417535"}],"value":"Highly expressed in testis and thymus, followed by small intestine, placenta, colon, pancreas and ovary (PubMed:18417535). Weakly expressed in breast (PubMed:18417535)"}],"commentType":"TISSUE SPECIFICITY"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"20413593"}],"value":"Stress-induced increase in the mitochondrial levels is seen"}],"commentType":"INDUCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23393192"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27941124"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"28575658"}],"value":"Ubiquitinated by the SCF(FBH1) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, regulating RAD51 subcellular location and preventing its association with DNA (PubMed:23393192). Ubiquitinated by RFWD3 in response to DNA damage: ubiquitination leads to degradation by the proteasome, promoting homologous recombination (PubMed:28575658). Deubiquitinated at Lys-57, Lys-58 and Lys-64 by UCHL3 in response to DNA damage, promoting interaction with BRCA2 and formation of nucleoprotein filaments (PubMed:27941124)"}],"commentType":"PTM"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15665856"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22325354"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"26811421"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"38509361"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9461559"}],"value":"Phosphorylation of Thr-309 by CHEK1 may enhance association with chromatin at sites of DNA damage and promote DNA repair by homologous recombination (PubMed:15665856). Phosphorylated at Ser-14 by PLK1, triggering phosphorylation at Thr-13 by CK2, thereby promoting interaction with TOPBP1 and recruitment to DNA damage sites during S-phase (PubMed:22325354, PubMed:26811421). Phosphorylation by ABL1 inhibits function (PubMed:9461559). Phosphorylation at Ser-67 stimulates the formation of RAD51 nucleoprotein filament (PubMed:38509361)"}],"commentType":"PTM"},{"commentType":"DISEASE","disease":{"diseaseId":"Breast cancer","diseaseAccession":"DI-02602","acronym":"BC","description":"A common malignancy originating from breast epithelial tissue. Breast neoplasms can be distinguished by their histologic pattern. Invasive ductal carcinoma is by far the most common type. Breast cancer is etiologically and genetically heterogeneous. Important genetic factors have been indicated by familial occurrence and bilateral involvement. 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