{"entryType":"UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)","primaryAccession":"P64646","secondaryAccessions":["P58038","Q2EEU1","Q2M6H5"],"uniProtkbId":"GHOT_ECOLI","entryAudit":{"firstPublicDate":"2004-10-11","lastAnnotationUpdateDate":"2026-01-28","lastSequenceUpdateDate":"2004-10-11","entryVersion":121,"sequenceVersion":1},"annotationScore":4.0,"organism":{"scientificName":"Escherichia coli (strain K12)","taxonId":83333,"lineage":["Bacteria","Pseudomonadati","Pseudomonadota","Gammaproteobacteria","Enterobacterales","Enterobacteriaceae","Escherichia"]},"proteinExistence":"1: Evidence at protein level","proteinDescription":{"recommendedName":{"fullName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"22941047"}],"value":"Toxin GhoT"}}},"genes":[{"geneName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"22941047"}],"value":"ghoT"},"synonyms":[{"value":"yjdO"}],"orderedLocusNames":[{"value":"b4559"},{"value":"JW5732"}]}],"comments":[{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22941047"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24373067"}],"value":"Toxic component of a type V toxin-antitoxin (TA) system. Causes membrane damage when induced by MqsR, slowing cell growth and increasing the formation of dormant persister cells; involved with GhoS, its antitoxin, in reducing cell growth during antibacterial stress (PubMed:24373067). Overexpression causes cell lysis, forming ghost cells; both effects are neutralized by expression of GhoS. Overexpression in the presence of ampicillin increases persister cell formation (persister cells exhibit antibiotic tolerance without genetic change) (PubMed:22941047). Overexpression causes about 90-fold reduction in cellular ATP levels and dissipates the membrane potential (PubMed:24373067)"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"commentType":"SUBCELLULAR LOCATION","note":{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24373067"}],"value":"Localizes to the cell pole"}]},"subcellularLocations":[{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"24373067"}],"value":"Cell inner membrane","id":"SL-0037"},"topology":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Multi-pass membrane protein","id":"SL-9909"}}]},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22941047"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23289863"}],"value":"Expression controlled by its antitoxin GhoS, which digests ghoT transcripts in a sequence-specific manner (PubMed:22941047). Post-transcriptionally regulated by MqsR which acts on the ghoST transcript selectively, degrading the ghoS segment while leaving ghoT intact; conditions which induce MqsR (e.g. overexpression, nalidixic acid, azolocillin or H(2)O(2)) decrease ghoS expression and thus increase ghoT transcripts (PubMed:23289863)"}],"commentType":"INDUCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"22941047"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"23289863"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24373067"}],"value":"No visible effect in the absence of stress (PubMed:24373067). Reduces MqsR-mediated persistence (overexpression of MqsR increases persister cell formation). Decreased biofilm formation after 8 hours at 30 and 37 degrees Celsius, biofilm production has risen by 24 hours. Slight decrease in swimming motility (PubMed:22941047). Cells grown in 20 ug/ml ampicillin in the absence of ghoT and which overexpress MqsR elongate, suggesting MqsR inhibits cell elongation via ghoT (PubMed:23289863). When single mutant is grown in the presence of antibiotics carbenicillin or cefoxitin initial metabolism is significantly increased over that of wild-type, after 14 hours wild-type is slightly less active. In a double ghoS-ghoT mutant in presence of the 2 antibiotics metabolism is significantly increased over that of wild-type, but by 9 hours wild-type has caught up and eventually has slightly greater metabolic rates (PubMed:24373067)"}],"commentType":"DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Belongs to the GhoT/OrtT toxin family"}],"commentType":"SIMILARITY"}],"features":[{"type":"Chain","location":{"start":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":57,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Toxin GhoT","featureId":"PRO_0000169735"},{"type":"Transmembrane","location":{"start":{"value":7,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":27,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Helical","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000255"}]},{"type":"Transmembrane","location":{"start":{"value":37,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":57,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Helical","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000255"}]},{"type":"Mutagenesis","location":{"start":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Not toxic in a disrupted ghoS strain as no protein produced.","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24373067"}],"alternativeSequence":{"originalSequence":"M","alternativeSequences":["T"]}},{"type":"Mutagenesis","location":{"start":{"value":21,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":21,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Protein remains toxic.","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24373067"}],"alternativeSequence":{"originalSequence":"I","alternativeSequences":["R"]}},{"type":"Mutagenesis","location":{"start":{"value":38,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":38,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Not toxic, protein still targeted to cell pole. No change in intracellular ATP levels, no dissipation of the membrane potential.","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24373067"}],"alternativeSequence":{"originalSequence":"F","alternativeSequences":["R"]}}],"keywords":[{"id":"KW-0997","category":"Cellular component","name":"Cell inner membrane"},{"id":"KW-1003","category":"Cellular component","name":"Cell membrane"},{"id":"KW-0472","category":"Cellular component","name":"Membrane"},{"id":"KW-1185","category":"Technical term","name":"Reference proteome"},{"id":"KW-1277","category":"Biological process","name":"Toxin-antitoxin system"},{"id":"KW-0812","category":"Domain","name":"Transmembrane"},{"id":"KW-1133","category":"Domain","name":"Transmembrane helix"}],"references":[{"referenceNumber":1,"citation":{"id":"9278503","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Blattner F.R.","Plunkett G. 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