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Preferentially recognizes and binds alpha-2,3- and more avidly alpha-2,6-linked sialic acid-bearing glycans (PubMed:7718872). Upon engagement of ligands such as C1q or syalylated glycoproteins, two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) located in CD33 cytoplasmic tail are phosphorylated by Src-like kinases such as LCK (PubMed:10887109, PubMed:28325905). These phosphorylations provide docking sites for the recruitment and activation of protein-tyrosine phosphatases PTPN6/SHP-1 and PTPN11/SHP-2 (PubMed:10206955, PubMed:10556798, PubMed:10887109). In turn, these phosphatases regulate downstream pathways through dephosphorylation of signaling molecules (PubMed:10206955, PubMed:10887109). One of the repressive effect of CD33 on monocyte activation requires phosphoinositide 3-kinase/PI3K (PubMed:15597323)"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10206955"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10556798"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10887109"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"28325905"}],"value":"Homodimer; disulfide-linked (PubMed:10887109). Interacts with PTPN6/SHP-1 and PTPN11/SHP-2 upon phosphorylation (PubMed:10206955, PubMed:10556798). Interacts with C1QA (via C-terminus); this interaction activates CD33 inhibitory motifs 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LCK phosphorylates Tyr-340 efficiently and Tyr-358 to a lesser extent"}],"commentType":"PTM"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Mostly detected on NKL and myeloid cell lines but poorly expressed on B-cell lines and T-lymphocytes"}],"commentType":"MISCELLANEOUS","molecule":"Isoform CD33m"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily. 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