{"entryType":"UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)","primaryAccession":"P15391","secondaryAccessions":["A0N0P9","F5H635","Q96S68","Q9BRD6"],"uniProtkbId":"CD19_HUMAN","entryAudit":{"firstPublicDate":"1990-04-01","lastAnnotationUpdateDate":"2026-09-02","lastSequenceUpdateDate":"2007-11-13","entryVersion":241,"sequenceVersion":6},"annotationScore":5.0,"organism":{"scientificName":"Homo sapiens","commonName":"Human","taxonId":9606,"lineage":["Eukaryota","Metazoa","Chordata","Craniata","Vertebrata","Euteleostomi","Mammalia","Eutheria","Euarchontoglires","Primates","Haplorrhini","Catarrhini","Hominidae","Homo"]},"proteinExistence":"1: Evidence at protein level","proteinDescription":{"recommendedName":{"fullName":{"value":"B-lymphocyte antigen CD19"}},"alternativeNames":[{"fullName":{"value":"B-lymphocyte surface antigen B4"}},{"fullName":{"value":"Differentiation antigen CD19"}},{"fullName":{"value":"T-cell surface antigen Leu-12"}}],"cdAntigenNames":[{"value":"CD19"}],"flag":"Precursor"},"genes":[{"geneName":{"value":"CD19"}}],"comments":[{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"P25918"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12387743"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1373518"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16672701"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"2463100"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"29523808"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9317126"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9382888"}],"value":"Functions as a coreceptor for the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) on B-lymphocytes (PubMed:29523808). Decreases the threshold for activation of downstream signaling pathways and for triggering B-cell responses to antigens (PubMed:1373518, PubMed:16672701, PubMed:2463100). Activates signaling pathways that lead to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stores (PubMed:12387743, PubMed:16672701, PubMed:9317126, PubMed:9382888). Is not required for early steps during B cell differentiation in the blood marrow (PubMed:9317126). Required for normal differentiation of B-1 cells (By similarity). Required for normal B cell differentiation and proliferation in response to antigen challenges (PubMed:1373518, PubMed:2463100). Required for normal levels of serum immunoglobulins, and for production of high-affinity antibodies in response to antigen challenge (PubMed:12387743, PubMed:16672701, PubMed:9317126)"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10706702"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1383329"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16449649"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1702139"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"29523808"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"7684160"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"7687428"}],"value":"Interacts with CR2/CD21 (PubMed:1702139). Part of a complex composed of CD19, CR2/CD21, CD81 and IFITM1/CD225 in the membrane of mature B-cells (PubMed:1383329). Interacts directly with CD81 (via the second extracellular domain); this interaction is initiated early during biosynthesis in the ER/pre-Golgi compartments and is essential for trafficking and compartmentalization of CD19 receptor on the cell surface of activated B cells (PubMed:16449649). Interacts with VAV (PubMed:10706702). Interacts with GRB2 and SOS when phosphorylated on Tyr-348 and/or Tyr-378. Interacts with PLCG2 when phosphorylated on Tyr-409 (PubMed:10706702). Interacts with LYN (PubMed:7687428). Interacts (when tyrosine phosphorylated) with the regulatory p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PIK3R1 or PIK3R2) (PubMed:7684160). Interacts with GRB2 (PubMed:29523808)"}],"commentType":"SUBUNIT"},{"commentType":"SUBCELLULAR LOCATION","subcellularLocations":[{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1373518"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1383329"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16672701"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1702139"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"2463100"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9317126"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"9382888"}],"value":"Cell membrane","id":"SL-0039"},"topology":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Single-pass type I membrane protein","id":"SL-9905"}},{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"P25918"}],"value":"Membrane raft","id":"SL-0370"},"topology":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"P25918"}],"value":"Single-pass type I membrane protein","id":"SL-9905"}}]},{"commentType":"ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTS","events":["Alternative splicing"],"isoforms":[{"name":{"value":"1"},"isoformIds":["P15391-1"],"isoformSequenceStatus":"Displayed"},{"name":{"value":"2"},"isoformIds":["P15391-2"],"sequenceIds":["VSP_047194"],"isoformSequenceStatus":"Described"}]},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"16672701"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"2463100"}],"value":"Detected on marginal zone and germinal center B cells in lymph nodes (PubMed:2463100). Detected on blood B cells (at protein level) (PubMed:16672701, PubMed:2463100)"}],"commentType":"TISSUE SPECIFICITY"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"P25918"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10706702"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12387743"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"7684160"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"7687428"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"7687539"}],"value":"Phosphorylated on tyrosine following B-cell activation (PubMed:10706702, PubMed:12387743, PubMed:7684160, PubMed:7687539). Phosphorylated on tyrosine residues by LYN (PubMed:7687428). Tyrosine residues are phosphorylated sequentially after activation of the B cell receptor. Phosphorylation of Tyr-531 is extremely rapid, followed by phosphorylation at Tyr-409. In contrast, phosphorylation of Tyr-500 appears more slowly and is more transient, returning rapidly to basal levels (By similarity)"}],"commentType":"PTM"},{"commentType":"DISEASE","disease":{"diseaseId":"Immunodeficiency, common variable, 3","diseaseAccession":"DI-02800","acronym":"CVID3","description":"A primary immunodeficiency characterized by antibody deficiency, hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent bacterial infections and an inability to mount an antibody response to antigen. 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