{"entryType":"UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)","primaryAccession":"P0DV56","uniProtkbId":"DART_THEA5","entryAudit":{"firstPublicDate":"2022-08-03","lastAnnotationUpdateDate":"2026-09-02","lastSequenceUpdateDate":"2022-08-03","entryVersion":11,"sequenceVersion":1},"annotationScore":5.0,"organism":{"scientificName":"Thermus aquaticus (strain ATCC BAA-2747 / Y51MC23)","taxonId":498848,"lineage":["Bacteria","Thermotogati","Deinococcota","Deinococci","Thermales","Thermaceae","Thermus"]},"proteinExistence":"1: Evidence at protein level","proteinDescription":{"recommendedName":{"fullName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"27939941"}],"value":"DNA ADP-ribosyl transferase"},"shortNames":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"27939941"}],"value":"DarT"}],"ecNumbers":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27939941"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"34408320"}],"value":"2.4.2.-"}]},"alternativeNames":[{"fullName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"27939941"}],"value":"Toxin DarT"}}]},"genes":[{"geneName":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"darT"},"orfNames":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000312","source":"EMBL","id":"ALJ91409.1"}],"value":"TO73_1568"}]}],"comments":[{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"B7UP20"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"O53604"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"27939941"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"34408320"}],"value":"Toxic component of the hybrid type II/IV toxin-antitoxin (TA) system DarTG, which plays a crucial role in controlling bacterial growth and bacteriophage infection (By similarity). Its toxic effect is neutralized by cognate antitoxin DarG (PubMed:34408320). In case of phage infection, DarT toxin ADP-ribosylates DNA, which inhibits both viral DNA and RNA synthesis and leads to abortive infection (By similarity). ADP-ribosylates ssDNA on the second thymidine of the consensus sequence 5'-TNTC-3'; the protein does not auto-modify. Has no activity on dsDNA in vitro. This leads to a decrease in DNA replication. Upon expression in E.coli inhibits cell growth, colony formation and induces the SOS response. Expression leads to bacteriostasis; however if cells grow over an hour in the presence of toxin, growth is no longer restored on antitoxin-inducing plates (PubMed:27939941). In E.coli ADP-ribosylates genomic DNA (gDNA), which induces RecA expression (a marker for DNA damage) (PubMed:34408320)"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"commentType":"CATALYTIC ACTIVITY","reaction":{"name":"a thymidine in DNA + NAD(+) = an N-(ADP-alpha-D-ribosyl)-thymidine in DNA + nicotinamide + 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effect of DarT by preventing ssDNA binding to DarT and consequently inactivating the toxin by direct protein-protein interactions"}],"commentType":"SUBUNIT"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250","source":"UniProtKB","id":"A0A0B0SG80"}],"value":"The NAD(+)-binding element stabilizes the ADP-ribosylating turn-turn (ARTT) loop which confers substrate specificity; both domains contribute to ssDNA-binding"}],"commentType":"DOMAIN"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000255","source":"PROSITE-ProRule","id":"PRU01362"}],"value":"Belongs to the DarT ADP-ribosyltransferase family"}],"commentType":"SIMILARITY"},{"commentType":"SEQUENCE CAUTION","sequenceCautionType":"Erroneous initiation","sequence":"ALJ91409.1","note":"Truncated N-terminus.","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}]}],"features":[{"type":"Chain","location":{"start":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":222,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"DNA ADP-ribosyl 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