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Encoded together with proteins of the phosphate-specific transport (Pst) system in the polycistronic pstSCAB-phoU operon. PhoU is essential for the repression of the Pho regulon at high phosphate conditions. In this role, it may bind, possibly as a chaperone, to PhoR, PhoB or a PhoR-PhoB complex to promote dephosphorylation of phospho-PhoB, or inhibit formation of the PhoR-PhoB transitory complex. Is also part of complex networks important for bacterial virulence, tolerance to antibiotics and stress response"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000250"}],"value":"Homodimer"}],"commentType":"SUBUNIT"},{"commentType":"SUBCELLULAR LOCATION","subcellularLocations":[{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"3536855"}],"value":"Cytoplasm","id":"SL-0086"}}]},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"18031348"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"6090402"}],"value":"Expressed at higher levels under excess phosphate culture conditions (PubMed:6090402). Induced by phosphate starvation via the PhoR/PhoB two-component regulatory system (PubMed:18031348)"}],"commentType":"INDUCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12147514"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1459954"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"17420206"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"19047379"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8226621"}],"value":"Produces high level of alkaline phosphatase (AP) when grown with excess phosphate (PubMed:1459954). No effect on phosphate uptake, but particular deletion mutants have a severe growth defect, which is largely alleviated by a compensatory mutation in the pstSCAB genes or in the phoRB operon (PubMed:8226621). Accumulates high levels of polyP, approximately 400 nmol of phosphate residues/mg of protein (PubMed:12147514). Higher susceptibility to a diverse range of antibiotics including ampicillin, norfloxacin and gentamicin, and stresses such as starvation, acid pH, heat, peroxide, weak acids and energy inhibitors, especially in stationary phase (PubMed:17420206). Metabolically hyperactive status of the cell showing increased expression of energy production genes, flagella and chemotaxis genes, and a defect in persister formation (PubMed:17420206). Cells transport phosphate via PstSCAB transporter system at approximately 20% higher rate and accumulate higher levels of the transporter and about 50% more phosphate in 12 minutes than wild-type cells in phosphate-replete medium (PubMed:19047379)"}],"commentType":"DISRUPTION PHENOTYPE"},{"texts":[{"value":"May be a drug target for designing new drugs that kill persister bacteria for more effective control of bacterial infections"}],"commentType":"PHARMACEUTICAL"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Belongs to the PhoU family"}],"commentType":"SIMILARITY"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305","source":"PubMed","id":"1459954"}],"value":"Was originally thought to be involved in phosphate transport"}],"commentType":"CAUTION"}],"features":[{"type":"Chain","location":{"start":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":241,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Phosphate-specific transport system accessory protein PhoU","featureId":"PRO_0000155168"}],"keywords":[{"id":"KW-0963","category":"Cellular component","name":"Cytoplasm"},{"id":"KW-0903","category":"Technical term","name":"Direct protein sequencing"},{"id":"KW-0582","category":"Technical term","name":"Pharmaceutical"},{"id":"KW-0592","category":"Biological process","name":"Phosphate transport"},{"id":"KW-1185","category":"Technical term","name":"Reference proteome"},{"id":"KW-0813","category":"Biological process","name":"Transport"}],"references":[{"referenceNumber":1,"citation":{"id":"2993631","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Amemura M.","Makino K.","Shinagawa H.","Kobayashi A.","Nakata A."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"2993631"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1016/0022-2836(85)90377-8"}],"title":"Nucleotide sequence of the genes involved in phosphate transport and regulation of the phosphate regulon in Escherichia coli.","publicationDate":"1985","journal":"J. 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