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Signals through type I (such as ACVR1B or ACVR1C) and type II receptors (such as ACVR2A, ACVR2B or BMPR2) which, upon ligand binding, phosphorylate SMAD2 and SMAD3 intracellular signaling mediators that form a complex with SMAD4, translocate to the nucleus and modulate gene expression (PubMed:10652306, PubMed:24018044). Can also activate alternative non-canonical intracellular signaling pathways including the p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) to modulate cell migration and differentiation (PubMed:16440334). Alternatively, promotes osteoblastic differentiation via ACVRL1-SMAD1/5/9 pathway (PubMed:34948289). In addition, can engage the type I receptor ACVR1 to form an ACVR1-activin A-type II receptor non-signaling complex (NSC) that renders receptors unavailable for engagement with BMPs, hence resulting in an apparent inhibition of ACVR1-mediated BMP signaling (PubMed:26333933)"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10746731"}],"value":"Inhibin A is a dimer of alpha/INHA and beta-A/INHBA that functions as a feedback regulator in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Inhibits the secretion of FSH from the anterior pituitary gland by acting on pituitary gonadotrope cells. Antagonizes activin A by binding to the proteoglycan, betaglycan, and forming a stable complex with and, thereby, sequestering type II activin receptors while excluding type I receptor"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"10652306"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"11279126"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12660162"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"12697670"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"18768470"}],"value":"Dimeric, linked by one or more disulfide bonds. Inhibin A is a dimer of alpha/INHA and beta-A/INHBA. Activin A is a homodimer of beta-A/INHBA. Activin AB is a dimer of beta-A/INHBA and beta-B/INHBB. Interacts with FST and FSTL3; these interactions prevent activin A interaction to its type II receptor (PubMed:11279126). Activin A interacts with ACVR2A (PubMed:10652306). Activin A interacts with BMPR2 (PubMed:24018044). Inhibin A interacts with ACVR1; this interaction creates a non-signaling complex (NSC) that inhibits ACVR1-mediated BMP signaling (PubMed:10652306). 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