{"entryType":"UniProtKB reviewed (Swiss-Prot)","primaryAccession":"P01215","uniProtkbId":"GLHA_HUMAN","entryAudit":{"firstPublicDate":"1986-07-21","lastAnnotationUpdateDate":"2026-11-04","lastSequenceUpdateDate":"1986-07-21","entryVersion":234,"sequenceVersion":1},"annotationScore":5.0,"organism":{"scientificName":"Homo sapiens","commonName":"Human","taxonId":9606,"lineage":["Eukaryota","Metazoa","Chordata","Craniata","Vertebrata","Euteleostomi","Mammalia","Eutheria","Euarchontoglires","Primates","Haplorrhini","Catarrhini","Hominidae","Homo"]},"proteinExistence":"1: Evidence at protein level","proteinDescription":{"recommendedName":{"fullName":{"value":"Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain"}},"alternativeNames":[{"fullName":{"value":"Anterior pituitary glycoprotein hormones common subunit alpha"}},{"fullName":{"value":"Choriogonadotropin alpha chain"}},{"fullName":{"value":"Chorionic gonadotrophin subunit alpha"},"shortNames":[{"value":"CG-alpha"}]},{"fullName":{"value":"Follicle-stimulating hormone alpha chain"},"shortNames":[{"value":"FSH-alpha"}]},{"fullName":{"value":"Follitropin alpha chain"}},{"fullName":{"value":"Luteinizing hormone alpha chain"},"shortNames":[{"value":"LSH-alpha"}]},{"fullName":{"value":"Lutropin alpha chain"}},{"fullName":{"value":"Thyroid-stimulating hormone alpha chain"},"shortNames":[{"value":"TSH-alpha"}]},{"fullName":{"value":"Thyrotropin alpha chain"}}],"flag":"Precursor"},"genes":[{"geneName":{"value":"CGA"}}],"comments":[{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24692546"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"2494176"}],"value":"Shared alpha chain of the active heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones thyrotropin/thyroid stimulating hormone/TSH, lutropin/luteinizing hormone/LH, follitropin/follicle stimulating hormone/FSH and choriogonadotropin/CG. These hormones bind specific receptors on target cells that in turn activate downstream signaling pathways"}],"commentType":"FUNCTION"},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15662415"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"2494176"}],"value":"Heterodimer. The active hormones thyrotropin, lutropin, follitropin and choriogonadotropin are heterodimers composed of CGA, a common alpha chain described here and a unique beta chain which confers their biological specificity to the hormones: TSHB for thyrotropin, LHB for lutropin, FSHB for follitropin and choriogonadotropin subunit beta/CGB for choriogonadotropin"}],"commentType":"SUBUNIT"},{"commentType":"INTERACTION","interactions":[{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P01215","intActId":"EBI-718913"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P0DN86","geneName":"CGB3","intActId":"EBI-8626304"},"numberOfExperiments":2,"organismDiffer":false},{"interactantOne":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P01215","intActId":"EBI-718913"},"interactantTwo":{"uniProtKBAccession":"P01225","geneName":"FSHB","intActId":"EBI-1030645"},"numberOfExperiments":4,"organismDiffer":false}]},{"commentType":"SUBCELLULAR LOCATION","subcellularLocations":[{"location":{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24692546"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"2494176"}],"value":"Secreted","id":"SL-0243"}}]},{"texts":[{"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"value":"Belongs to the glycoprotein hormones subunit alpha family"}],"commentType":"SIMILARITY"},{"commentType":"WEB RESOURCE","resourceName":"Protein Spotlight","resourceUrl":"https://www.proteinspotlight.org/back_issues/077","ftp":false,"note":"Proteic grace - Issue 77 of December 2006"}],"features":[{"type":"Signal","location":{"start":{"value":1,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":24,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1150658"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"1158880"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"4745444"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"481597"}]},{"type":"Chain","location":{"start":{"value":25,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":116,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain","featureId":"PRO_0000011640"},{"type":"Glycosylation","location":{"start":{"value":76,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":76,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15662415"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24692546"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007744","source":"PDB","id":"4MQW"}],"featureId":"CAR_000036"},{"type":"Glycosylation","location":{"start":{"value":102,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":102,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"N-linked (GlcNAc...) asparagine","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15662415"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24692546"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007744","source":"PDB","id":"4MQW"}],"featureId":"CAR_000037"},{"type":"Disulfide bond","location":{"start":{"value":31,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":55,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15662415"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24692546"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8202136"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007744","source":"PDB","id":"4MQW"}]},{"type":"Disulfide bond","location":{"start":{"value":34,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":84,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15662415"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24692546"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8202136"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007744","source":"PDB","id":"4MQW"}]},{"type":"Disulfide bond","location":{"start":{"value":52,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":106,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15662415"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24692546"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8202136"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007744","source":"PDB","id":"4MQW"}]},{"type":"Disulfide bond","location":{"start":{"value":56,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":108,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15662415"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24692546"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8202136"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007744","source":"PDB","id":"4MQW"}]},{"type":"Disulfide bond","location":{"start":{"value":83,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":111,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"15662415"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24692546"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"8202136"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007744","source":"PDB","id":"4MQW"}]},{"type":"Mutagenesis","location":{"start":{"value":76,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":76,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"Increases from 1 to 3 the number of FSH binding a single FSHR receptor.","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000269","source":"PubMed","id":"24692546"}],"alternativeSequence":{"originalSequence":"N","alternativeSequences":["D"]}},{"type":"Sequence conflict","location":{"start":{"value":29,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":29,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"in Ref. 9; AA sequence","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"alternativeSequence":{"originalSequence":"Q","alternativeSequences":["E"]}},{"type":"Sequence conflict","location":{"start":{"value":108,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":109,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"in Ref. 6; AA sequence and 7; AA sequence","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000305"}],"alternativeSequence":{"originalSequence":"CS","alternativeSequences":["SC"]}},{"type":"Beta strand","location":{"start":{"value":35,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":38,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007829","source":"PDB","id":"9YXD"}]},{"type":"Helix","location":{"start":{"value":40,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":42,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007829","source":"PDB","id":"9YXD"}]},{"type":"Beta strand","location":{"start":{"value":50,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":62,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007829","source":"PDB","id":"9YXD"}]},{"type":"Helix","location":{"start":{"value":65,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":68,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007829","source":"PDB","id":"9YXD"}]},{"type":"Beta strand","location":{"start":{"value":76,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":81,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007829","source":"PDB","id":"9YXD"}]},{"type":"Beta strand","location":{"start":{"value":83,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":94,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007829","source":"PDB","id":"9YXD"}]},{"type":"Turn","location":{"start":{"value":95,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":97,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007829","source":"PDB","id":"9YXD"}]},{"type":"Beta strand","location":{"start":{"value":98,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":109,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007829","source":"PDB","id":"9YXD"}]},{"type":"Beta strand","location":{"start":{"value":112,"modifier":"EXACT"},"end":{"value":115,"modifier":"EXACT"}},"description":"","evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007829","source":"PDB","id":"7T9I"}]}],"keywords":[{"id":"KW-0002","category":"Technical term","name":"3D-structure"},{"id":"KW-0903","category":"Technical term","name":"Direct protein sequencing"},{"id":"KW-1015","category":"PTM","name":"Disulfide bond"},{"id":"KW-0325","category":"PTM","name":"Glycoprotein"},{"id":"KW-0372","category":"Molecular function","name":"Hormone"},{"id":"KW-1267","category":"Technical term","name":"Proteomics identification"},{"id":"KW-1185","category":"Technical term","name":"Reference proteome"},{"id":"KW-0964","category":"Cellular component","name":"Secreted"},{"id":"KW-0732","category":"Domain","name":"Signal"}],"references":[{"referenceNumber":1,"citation":{"id":"481597","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Fiddes J.C.","Goodman H.M."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"481597"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1038/281351a0"}],"title":"Isolation, cloning and sequence analysis of the cDNA for the alpha-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin.","publicationDate":"1979","journal":"Nature","firstPage":"351","lastPage":"356","volume":"281"},"referencePositions":["NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]"]},{"referenceNumber":2,"citation":{"id":"8196184","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Miyoshi I.","Kasai N.","Hayashizaki Y."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"8196184"}],"title":"Structure and regulation of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) gene.","publicationDate":"1994","journal":"Nippon Rinsho","firstPage":"940","lastPage":"947","volume":"52"},"referencePositions":["NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]"]},{"referenceNumber":3,"citation":{"id":"15489334","citationType":"journal article","authoringGroup":["The MGC Project Team"],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"15489334"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1101/gr.2596504"}],"title":"The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).","publicationDate":"2004","journal":"Genome Res.","firstPage":"2121","lastPage":"2127","volume":"14"},"referencePositions":["NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]"],"referenceComments":[{"value":"Placenta","type":"TISSUE"}]},{"referenceNumber":4,"citation":{"id":"6286817","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Fiddes J.C.","Goodman H.M."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"6286817"}],"title":"The gene encoding the common alpha subunit of the four human glycoprotein hormones.","publicationDate":"1981","journal":"J. Mol. Appl. Genet.","firstPage":"3","lastPage":"18","volume":"1"},"referencePositions":["NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA] OF 1-98"]},{"referenceNumber":5,"citation":{"id":"7462224","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Birken S.","Fetherston J.","Canfield R.E.","Boime I."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"7462224"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1016/s0021-9258(19)69881-9"}],"title":"The amino acid sequences of the prepeptides contained in the alpha and beta subunits of human choriogonadotropin.","publicationDate":"1981","journal":"J. Biol. Chem.","firstPage":"1816","lastPage":"1823","volume":"256"},"referencePositions":["PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 1-24 (PRECURSOR PROTEIN)"]},{"referenceNumber":6,"citation":{"id":"890569","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Sairam M.R.","Li C.H."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"890569"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1139/o77-108"}],"title":"Human pituitary thyrotropin. The primary structure of the alpha and beta subunits.","publicationDate":"1977","journal":"Can. J. Biochem.","firstPage":"755","lastPage":"760","volume":"55"},"referencePositions":["PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 28-116"]},{"referenceNumber":7,"citation":{"id":"5065401","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Sairam M.R.","Papkoff H.","Li C.H."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"5065401"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1016/0006-291x(72)90380-4"}],"title":"Human pituitary interstitial cell stimulating hormone: primary structure of the alpha-subunit.","publicationDate":"1972","journal":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.","firstPage":"530","lastPage":"537","volume":"48"},"referencePositions":["PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 28-116"]},{"referenceNumber":8,"citation":{"id":"CI-28B7MN3AAPLSI","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Keutmann H.T.","Williams R.M.","Bishop W.H.","Ryan R.J."],"title":"Structure of human luteninizing hormone.","publicationDate":"1978","journal":"Fed. Proc.","firstPage":"1828","lastPage":"1828","volume":"37"},"referencePositions":["PROTEIN SEQUENCE","SEQUENCE REVISION"]},{"referenceNumber":9,"citation":{"id":"1158880","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Rathnam P.","Saxena B.B."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"1158880"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1016/s0021-9258(19)40994-0"}],"title":"Primary amino acid sequence of follicle-stimulating hormone from human pituitary glands. I. alpha subunit.","publicationDate":"1975","journal":"J. Biol. Chem.","firstPage":"6735","lastPage":"6746","volume":"250"},"referencePositions":["PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 25-116"],"referenceComments":[{"value":"Pituitary","type":"TISSUE"}]},{"referenceNumber":10,"citation":{"id":"4835135","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Shome B.","Parlow A.F."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"4835135"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1210/jcem-39-1-199"}],"title":"Human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH): first proposal for the amino acid sequence of the alpha-subunit (hFSHa) and first demonstration of its identity with the alpha-subunit of human luteinizing hormone (hLHa).","publicationDate":"1974","journal":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.","firstPage":"199","lastPage":"202","volume":"39"},"referencePositions":["PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 28-116"]},{"referenceNumber":11,"citation":{"id":"1150658","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Morgan F.J.","Birken S.","Canfield R.E."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"1150658"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1016/s0021-9258(19)41303-3"}],"title":"The amino acid sequence of human chorionic gonadotropin. The alpha subunit and beta subunit.","publicationDate":"1975","journal":"J. Biol. Chem.","firstPage":"5247","lastPage":"5258","volume":"250"},"referencePositions":["PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 25-116"]},{"referenceNumber":12,"citation":{"id":"4745444","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Bellisario R.","Carlsen R.B.","Bahl O.P."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"4745444"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1016/s0021-9258(19)43424-8"}],"title":"Human chorionic gonadotropin. Linear amino acid sequence of the alpha subunit.","publicationDate":"1973","journal":"J. Biol. Chem.","firstPage":"6796","lastPage":"6809","volume":"248"},"referencePositions":["PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 25-116"]},{"referenceNumber":13,"citation":{"id":"6774759","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Fujiki Y.","Rathnam P.","Saxena B.B."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"6774759"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1016/0005-2795(80)90084-7"}],"title":"Studies on the disulfide bonds in human pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone.","publicationDate":"1980","journal":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta","firstPage":"428","lastPage":"435","volume":"624"},"referencePositions":["PRELIMINARY ASSIGNMENT OF DISULFIDE BONDS"]},{"referenceNumber":14,"citation":{"id":"7410374","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Mise T.","Bahl O.P."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"7410374"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43527-2"}],"title":"Assignment of disulfide bonds in the alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin.","publicationDate":"1980","journal":"J. Biol. Chem.","firstPage":"8516","lastPage":"8522","volume":"255"},"referencePositions":["PRELIMINARY ASSIGNMENT OF DISULFIDE BONDS"]},{"referenceNumber":15,"citation":{"id":"1991473","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Weisshaar G.","Hiyama J.","Renwick A.G.C.","Nimtz M."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"1991473"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb15702.x"}],"title":"NMR investigations of the N-linked oligosaccharides at individual glycosylation sites of human lutropin.","publicationDate":"1991","journal":"Eur. J. Biochem.","firstPage":"257","lastPage":"268","volume":"195"},"referencePositions":["STRUCTURE OF CARBOHYDRATES"]},{"referenceNumber":16,"citation":{"id":"2494176","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Keene J.L.","Matzuk M.M.","Otani T.","Fauser B.C.J.M.","Galway A.B.","Hsueh A.J.W.","Boime I."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"2494176"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1016/s0021-9258(18)83656-0"}],"title":"Expression of biologically active human follitropin in Chinese hamster ovary cells.","publicationDate":"1989","journal":"J. Biol. Chem.","firstPage":"4769","lastPage":"4775","volume":"264"},"referencePositions":["FUNCTION","SUBUNIT","SUBCELLULAR LOCATION"]},{"referenceNumber":17,"citation":{"id":"8202136","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Lapthorn A.J.","Harris D.C.","Littlejohn A.","Lustbader J.W.","Canfield R.E.","Machin K.J.","Morgan F.J.","Isaacs N.W."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"8202136"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1038/369455a0"}],"title":"Crystal structure of human chorionic gonadotropin.","publicationDate":"1994","journal":"Nature","firstPage":"455","lastPage":"461","volume":"369"},"referencePositions":["X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY"]},{"referenceNumber":18,"citation":{"id":"8898911","citationType":"journal article","authors":["de Beer T.","van Zuylen C.W.E.M.","Leeflang B.R.","Haard K.","Boelens R.","Kaptein R.","Kamerling J.P.","Vliegenthart J.F.G."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"8898911"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.0229t.x"}],"title":"NMR studies of the free alpha subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin. Structural influences of N-glycosylation and the beta subunit on the conformation of the alpha subunit.","publicationDate":"1996","journal":"Eur. J. Biochem.","firstPage":"229","lastPage":"242","volume":"241"},"referencePositions":["STRUCTURE BY NMR"]},{"referenceNumber":19,"citation":{"id":"15662415","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Fan Q.R.","Hendrickson W.A."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"15662415"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1038/nature03206"}],"title":"Structure of human follicle-stimulating hormone in complex with its receptor.","publicationDate":"2005","journal":"Nature","firstPage":"269","lastPage":"277","volume":"433"},"referencePositions":["X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY IN COMPLEX WITH FSHB AND FSHR","DISULFIDE BONDS","GLYCOSYLATION AT ASN-76 AND ASN-102"]},{"referenceNumber":20,"citation":{"id":"24692546","citationType":"journal article","authors":["Jiang X.","Fischer D.","Chen X.","McKenna S.D.","Liu H.","Sriraman V.","Yu H.N.","Goutopoulos A.","Arkinstall S.","He X."],"citationCrossReferences":[{"database":"PubMed","id":"24692546"},{"database":"DOI","id":"10.1074/jbc.m114.549592"}],"title":"Evidence for follicle-stimulating hormone receptor as a functional trimer.","publicationDate":"2014","journal":"J. Biol. Chem.","firstPage":"14273","lastPage":"14282","volume":"289"},"referencePositions":["X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY IN COMPLEX WITH FSHB AND FSHR","FUNCTION","SUBCELLULAR LOCATION","DISULFIDE BONDS","GLYCOSYLATION AT ASN-76 AND ASN-102","MUTAGENESIS OF ASN-76"],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0007744","source":"PDB","id":"4MQW"}]}],"uniProtKBCrossReferences":[{"database":"EMBL","id":"J00152","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"AAD13690.1"},{"key":"Status","value":"-"},{"key":"MoleculeType","value":"Genomic_DNA"}]},{"database":"EMBL","id":"J00150","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"AAD13690.1"},{"key":"Status","value":"JOINED"},{"key":"MoleculeType","value":"Genomic_DNA"}]},{"database":"EMBL","id":"J00151","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"AAD13690.1"},{"key":"Status","value":"JOINED"},{"key":"MoleculeType","value":"Genomic_DNA"}]},{"database":"EMBL","id":"S70585","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"AAB30827.1"},{"key":"Status","value":"-"},{"key":"MoleculeType","value":"Genomic_DNA"}]},{"database":"EMBL","id":"S70583","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"AAB30827.1"},{"key":"Status","value":"JOINED"},{"key":"MoleculeType","value":"Genomic_DNA"}]},{"database":"EMBL","id":"S70584","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"AAB30827.1"},{"key":"Status","value":"JOINED"},{"key":"MoleculeType","value":"Genomic_DNA"}]},{"database":"EMBL","id":"BC020782","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"AAH20782.1"},{"key":"Status","value":"-"},{"key":"MoleculeType","value":"mRNA"}]},{"database":"EMBL","id":"BC055080","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"AAH55080.1"},{"key":"Status","value":"-"},{"key":"MoleculeType","value":"mRNA"}]},{"database":"EMBL","id":"V00518","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"CAA23777.1"},{"key":"Status","value":"-"},{"key":"MoleculeType","value":"mRNA"}]},{"database":"CCDS","id":"CCDS5007.1","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"PIR","id":"A93213","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"TTHUAP"}]},{"database":"RefSeq","id":"NP_000726.1","properties":[{"key":"NucleotideSequenceId","value":"NM_000735.4"}]},{"database":"RefSeq","id":"NP_001239312.1","properties":[{"key":"NucleotideSequenceId","value":"NM_001252383.2"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"1DZ7","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"NMR"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"-"},{"key":"Chains","value":"A=25-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"1E9J","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"NMR"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"-"},{"key":"Chains","value":"A=25-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"1FL7","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"X-ray"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"3.00 A"},{"key":"Chains","value":"A/C=25-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"1HCN","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"X-ray"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"2.60 A"},{"key":"Chains","value":"A=25-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"1HD4","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"NMR"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"-"},{"key":"Chains","value":"A=25-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"1HRP","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"X-ray"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"3.00 A"},{"key":"Chains","value":"A=25-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"1QFW","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"X-ray"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"3.50 A"},{"key":"Chains","value":"A=25-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"1XWD","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"X-ray"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"2.92 A"},{"key":"Chains","value":"A/D=25-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"4AY9","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"X-ray"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"2.50 A"},{"key":"Chains","value":"A/D/G=25-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"4MQW","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"X-ray"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"2.90 A"},{"key":"Chains","value":"A/D/G=25-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"7FIG","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"EM"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"3.90 A"},{"key":"Chains","value":"X=1-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"7FIH","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"EM"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"3.20 A"},{"key":"Chains","value":"X=2-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"7FII","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"EM"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"4.30 A"},{"key":"Chains","value":"X=1-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"7T9I","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"EM"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"2.90 A"},{"key":"Chains","value":"A=25-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"7UTZ","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"EM"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"2.40 A"},{"key":"Chains","value":"A=25-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"7XW5","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"EM"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"2.96 A"},{"key":"Chains","value":"X=25-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"8I2G","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"EM"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"2.80 A"},{"key":"Chains","value":"X=25-116"}]},{"database":"PDB","id":"9YXD","properties":[{"key":"Method","value":"X-ray"},{"key":"Resolution","value":"2.29 A"},{"key":"Chains","value":"A=25-116"}]},{"database":"AlphaFoldDB","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"EMDB","id":"EMD-25758","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"EMDB","id":"EMD-26795","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"EMDB","id":"EMD-31596","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"EMDB","id":"EMD-31597","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"EMDB","id":"EMD-31598","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"EMDB","id":"EMD-33491","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"EMDB","id":"EMD-35135","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"MDposit","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"SMR","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"BioGRID","id":"107507","properties":[{"key":"Interactions","value":"28"}]},{"database":"ComplexPortal","id":"CPX-6096","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"Thyroid-stimulating hormone complex"}]},{"database":"ComplexPortal","id":"CPX-6097","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"Luteinizing hormone complex"}]},{"database":"ComplexPortal","id":"CPX-665","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"Follicle-stimulating hormone complex"}]},{"database":"ComplexPortal","id":"CPX-748","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"Chorionic gonadotropin hormone complex"}]},{"database":"DIP","id":"DIP-6182N","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"FunCoup","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Number of interactors","value":"662"}]},{"database":"IntAct","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Interactions","value":"23"}]},{"database":"NDEx","id":"IQUERY-CP-CGA","properties":[{"key":"Evidences","value":"7 NDEx IQuery Curated Pathways"}]},{"database":"STRING","id":"9606.ENSP00000482232","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"ChEMBL","id":"CHEMBL2146305","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"GlyConnect","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"glycosylation","value":"49 N-Linked glycans (2 sites), 9 O-Linked glycans"}]},{"database":"GlyCosmos","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"glycosylation","value":"4 sites, 114 glycans"}]},{"database":"GlyGen","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"glycosylation","value":"5 sites, 99 N-linked glycans (3 sites), 15 O-linked glycans (3 sites)"}]},{"database":"iPTMnet","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"PhosphoSitePlus","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"BioMuta","id":"CGA","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"DMDM","id":"121312","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"jPOST","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"MassIVE","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"PaxDb","id":"9606-ENSP00000482232","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"PeptideAtlas","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"ProteomicsDB","id":"51346","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"ABCD","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"antibodies","value":"4 sequenced antibodies"}]},{"database":"Antibodypedia","id":"18627","properties":[{"key":"antibodies","value":"1652 antibodies from 42 providers"}]},{"database":"DNASU","id":"1081","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"Ensembl","id":"ENST00000627148.3","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"ENSP00000486024.1"},{"key":"GeneId","value":"ENSG00000135346.9"}]},{"database":"GeneID","id":"1081","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"KEGG","id":"hsa:1081","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"MANE-Select","id":"ENST00000627148.3","properties":[{"key":"ProteinId","value":"ENSP00000486024.1"},{"key":"RefSeqNucleotideId","value":"NM_000735.4"},{"key":"RefSeqProteinId","value":"NP_000726.1"}]},{"database":"UCSC","id":"uc063pyi.1","properties":[{"key":"OrganismName","value":"human"}]},{"database":"AGR","id":"HGNC:1885","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"ClinPGx","id":"PA26433","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"CTD","id":"1081","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"DisGeNET","id":"1081","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"GeneCards","id":"CGA","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"HGNC","id":"HGNC:1885","properties":[{"key":"GeneName","value":"CGA"}]},{"database":"HPA","id":"ENSG00000135346","properties":[{"key":"ExpressionPatterns","value":"Tissue enriched (pituitary)"}]},{"database":"MIM","id":"118850","properties":[{"key":"Type","value":"gene"}]},{"database":"OpenTargets","id":"ENSG00000135346","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"VEuPathDB","id":"HostDB:ENSG00000135346","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"GeneTree","id":"ENSGT00390000012242","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"InParanoid","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"OMA","id":"ACCTARS","properties":[{"key":"Fingerprint","value":"-"}]},{"database":"OrthoDB","id":"9852859at2759","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"PAN-GO","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Number of GO annotations","value":"4 GO annotations based on evolutionary models"}]},{"database":"PhylomeDB","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"PathwayCommons","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"Reactome","id":"R-HSA-193048","properties":[{"key":"PathwayName","value":"Androgen biosynthesis"}]},{"database":"Reactome","id":"R-HSA-193993","properties":[{"key":"PathwayName","value":"Mineralocorticoid biosynthesis"}]},{"database":"Reactome","id":"R-HSA-209822","properties":[{"key":"PathwayName","value":"Glycoprotein hormones"}]},{"database":"Reactome","id":"R-HSA-209968","properties":[{"key":"PathwayName","value":"Thyroxine biosynthesis"}]},{"database":"Reactome","id":"R-HSA-375281","properties":[{"key":"PathwayName","value":"Hormone ligand-binding receptors"}]},{"database":"Reactome","id":"R-HSA-418555","properties":[{"key":"PathwayName","value":"G alpha (s) signalling events"}]},{"database":"Reactome","id":"R-HSA-8866910","properties":[{"key":"PathwayName","value":"TFAP2 (AP-2) family regulates transcription of growth factors and their receptors"}]},{"database":"Reactome","id":"R-HSA-975578","properties":[{"key":"PathwayName","value":"Reactions specific to the complex N-glycan synthesis pathway"}]},{"database":"SABIO-RK","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"SignaLink","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"SIGNOR","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"Agora","id":"ENSG00000135346","properties":[{"key":"NominatedTarget","value":"-"}]},{"database":"BioGRID-ORCS","id":"1081","properties":[{"key":"hits","value":"13 hits in 1147 CRISPR screens"}]},{"database":"ChiTaRS","id":"CGA","properties":[{"key":"OrganismName","value":"human"}]},{"database":"EvolutionaryTrace","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"GeneWiki","id":"Chorionic_gonadotropin_alpha","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"GenomeRNAi","id":"1081","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"Pharos","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"DevelopmentLevel","value":"Tbio"}]},{"database":"PRO","id":"PR:P01215","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"Proteomes","id":"UP000005640","properties":[{"key":"Component","value":"Chromosome 6"}]},{"database":"RNAct","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"moleculeType","value":"protein"}]},{"database":"Bgee","id":"ENSG00000135346","properties":[{"key":"ExpressionPatterns","value":"Expressed in adenohypophysis and 96 other cell types or tissues"}]},{"database":"ExpressionAtlas","id":"P01215","properties":[{"key":"ExpressionPatterns","value":"baseline and differential"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0005576","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"C:extracellular region"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"IDA:UniProtKB"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000314","source":"PubMed","id":"24692546"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000314","source":"PubMed","id":"2494176"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0016914","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"C:follicle-stimulating hormone complex"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"IDA:UniProtKB"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000314","source":"PubMed","id":"24692546"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000314","source":"PubMed","id":"2494176"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0005796","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"C:Golgi lumen"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"TAS:Reactome"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0061696","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"C:pituitary gonadotropin complex"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"IPI:ComplexPortal"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000353","source":"PubMed","id":"7922031"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0043235","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"C:signaling receptor complex"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"IPI:ComplexPortal"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000353","source":"PubMed","id":"15662415"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0016913","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"F:follicle-stimulating hormone activity"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"IDA:UniProtKB"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000314","source":"PubMed","id":"24692546"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000314","source":"PubMed","id":"2494176"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0005179","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"F:hormone activity"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"IMP:AgBase"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000315","source":"PubMed","id":"11207219"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0042699","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"P:follicle-stimulating hormone signaling pathway"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"NAS:ComplexPortal"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"11222739"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0007186","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"P:G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"IDA:UniProtKB"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000314","source":"PubMed","id":"24692546"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0009755","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"P:hormone-mediated signaling pathway"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"NAS:ComplexPortal"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"25280580"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"29935915"},{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"7922031"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0035773","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"P:insulin secretion involved in cellular response to glucose stimulus"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"IEA:Ensembl"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0000165","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"P:MAPK cascade"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"NAS:ComplexPortal"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"35002517"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0001541","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"P:ovarian follicle development"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"NAS:ComplexPortal"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"35002517"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0030335","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"P:positive regulation of cell migration"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"NAS:BHF-UCL"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"20613903"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0008284","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"P:positive regulation of cell population proliferation"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"NAS:BHF-UCL"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"20613903"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0010893","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"P:positive regulation of steroid biosynthetic process"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"IDA:UniProtKB"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000314","source":"PubMed","id":"2494176"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0045944","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"P:positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"NAS:BHF-UCL"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"20613903"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0010469","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"P:regulation of signaling receptor activity"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"IDA:UniProtKB"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000314","source":"PubMed","id":"24692546"}]},{"database":"GO","id":"GO:0007283","properties":[{"key":"GoTerm","value":"P:spermatogenesis"},{"key":"GoEvidenceType","value":"NAS:ComplexPortal"}],"evidences":[{"evidenceCode":"ECO:0000303","source":"PubMed","id":"35002517"}]},{"database":"DisProt","id":"DP02922","properties":[{"key":"Description","value":"-"}]},{"database":"FunFam","id":"2.10.90.10:FF:000011","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"Glycoprotein hormones alpha chain"},{"key":"MatchStatus","value":"1"}]},{"database":"Gene3D","id":"2.10.90.10","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"Cystine-knot cytokines"},{"key":"MatchStatus","value":"1"}]},{"database":"InterPro","id":"IPR029034","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"Cystine-knot_cytokine"}]},{"database":"InterPro","id":"IPR000476","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"Glyco_hormone"}]},{"database":"PANTHER","id":"PTHR11509","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONE ALPHA CHAIN"},{"key":"MatchStatus","value":"1"}]},{"database":"PANTHER","id":"PTHR11509:SF0","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONES ALPHA CHAIN"},{"key":"MatchStatus","value":"1"}]},{"database":"Pfam","id":"PF00236","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"Hormone_6"},{"key":"MatchStatus","value":"1"}]},{"database":"PRINTS","id":"PR00274","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"GLYCOHORMONE"}]},{"database":"SMART","id":"SM00067","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"GHA"},{"key":"MatchStatus","value":"1"}]},{"database":"SUPFAM","id":"SSF57501","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"Cystine-knot cytokines"},{"key":"MatchStatus","value":"1"}]},{"database":"PROSITE","id":"PS00779","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"GLYCO_HORMONE_ALPHA_1"},{"key":"MatchStatus","value":"1"}]},{"database":"PROSITE","id":"PS00780","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"GLYCO_HORMONE_ALPHA_2"},{"key":"MatchStatus","value":"1"}]},{"database":"PROSITE","id":"PS50277","properties":[{"key":"EntryName","value":"GLYCO_HORMONE_ALPHA_3"},{"key":"MatchStatus","value":"1"}]}],"sequence":{"value":"MDYYRKYAAIFLVTLSVFLHVLHSAPDVQDCPECTLQENPFFSQPGAPILQCMGCCFSRAYPTPLRSKKTMLVQKNVTSESTCCVAKSYNRVTVMGGFKVENHTACHCSTCYYHKS","length":116,"molWeight":13075,"crc64":"F0623CD8CC90CFCD","md5":"B811B4C3FB94ED3C6CCBCCF4AAC53575"},"extraAttributes":{"countByCommentType":{"FUNCTION":1,"SUBUNIT":1,"INTERACTION":2,"SUBCELLULAR LOCATION":1,"SIMILARITY":1,"WEB RESOURCE":1},"countByFeatureType":{"Signal":1,"Chain":1,"Glycosylation":2,"Disulfide bond":5,"Mutagenesis":1,"Sequence conflict":2,"Beta strand":6,"Helix":2,"Turn":1},"uniParcId":"UPI000003FF94"}}