ID   IL21_BOVIN              Reviewed;         152 AA.
AC   Q76LU5;
DT   23-NOV-2004, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   10-APR-2019, sequence version 3.
DT   02-SEP-2026, entry version 97.
DE   RecName: Full=Interleukin-21;
DE            Short=IL-21;
DE   Flags: Precursor;
GN   Name=IL21;
OS   Bos taurus (Bovine).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Laurasiatheria; Artiodactyla; Ruminantia; Pecora; Bovidae;
OC   Bovinae; Bos.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9913;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA], PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 24-38, SUBCELLULAR
RP   LOCATION, AND TISSUE SPECIFICITY.
RX   PubMed=12969638; DOI=10.1016/s0165-2427(03)00106-5;
RA   Muneta Y., Kikuma R., Yoshihara K., Mori Y.;
RT   "Cloning, expression, and tissue distribution of bovine interleukin-21.";
RL   Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 95:73-80(2003).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Cytokine with immunoregulatory activity. May promote the
CC       transition between innate and adaptive immunity. Induces the production
CC       of IgG(1) and IgG(3) in B-cells. Implicated in the generation and
CC       maintenance of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and the formation of
CC       germinal-centers. Together with IL6, control the early generation of
CC       Tfh cells and are critical for an effective antibody response to acute
CC       viral infection (By similarity). May play a role in proliferation and
CC       maturation of natural killer (NK) cells in synergy with IL15. May
CC       regulate proliferation of mature B- and T-cells in response to
CC       activating stimuli. In synergy with IL15 and IL18 stimulates interferon
CC       gamma production in T-cells and NK cells (By similarity). During T-cell
CC       mediated immune response may inhibit dendritic cells (DC) activation
CC       and maturation (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9ES17,
CC       ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9HBE4}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12969638}.
CC   -!- TISSUE SPECIFICITY: Expressed in spleen, but not in the brain, heart,
CC       kidney, liver, and lung. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12969638}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the IL-15/IL-21 family. {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- CAUTION: It is uncertain whether Met-1 or Met-7 is the initiator.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
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DR   EMBL; AB073021; BAC87747.1; -; mRNA.
DR   RefSeq; NP_942129.1; NM_198832.1.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; Q76LU5; -.
DR   SMR; Q76LU5; -.
DR   STRING; 9913.ENSBTAP00000016413; -.
DR   PaxDb; 9913-ENSBTAP00000016413; -.
DR   GeneID; 378475; -.
DR   KEGG; bta:378475; -.
DR   CTD; 59067; -.
DR   eggNOG; ENOG502SES1; Eukaryota.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_127182_1_0_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; Q76LU5; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 9426569at2759; -.
DR   PRO; PR:Q76LU5; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000009136; Unplaced.
DR   GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0005126; F:cytokine receptor binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0098586; P:cellular response to virus; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0002314; P:germinal center B cell differentiation; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0001819; P:positive regulation of cytokine production; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0002639; P:positive regulation of immunoglobulin production; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0051251; P:positive regulation of lymphocyte activation; IEA:UniProtKB-ARBA.
DR   GO; GO:0045954; P:positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0061470; P:T follicular helper cell differentiation; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   FunFam; 1.20.1250.70:FF:000002; Interleukin; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.20.1250.70; Interleukin-15/Interleukin-21; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR009079; 4_helix_cytokine-like_core.
DR   InterPro; IPR003443; IL-15/IL-21_fam.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR14356; INTERLEUKIN-15-RELATED; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR14356:SF2; INTERLEUKIN-21; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF02372; IL15; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF47266; 4-helical cytokines; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Cytokine; Direct protein sequencing; Disulfide bond; Reference proteome;
KW   Secreted; Signal.
FT   SIGNAL          1..23
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305|PubMed:12969638"
FT   CHAIN           24..152
FT                   /note="Interleukin-21"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000015503"
FT   DISULFID        70..121
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9HBE4"
FT   DISULFID        77..124
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q9HBE4"
SQ   SEQUENCE   152 AA;  17690 MW;  BC7D892FE52578CC CRC64;
     MRWPGNMERI VICLMVIFSG TVAHKSSSQG QDRLFIRLRQ LIDIVDQLKN YVNDLDPEFL
     PAPEDVKRHC ERSAFSCFQK VQLKSANNGD NEKIINILTK QLKRKLPATN TGRRQKHEVT
     CPSCDSYEKK PPKEYLERLK SLIQKMIHQH LS
//