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<entry dataset="Swiss-Prot" created="2006-03-07" modified="2026-01-28" version="107" xmlns="http://uniprot.org/uniprot">
  <accession>Q6N0T9</accession>
  <name>HGD_RHOPA</name>
  <protein>
    <recommendedName>
      <fullName evidence="1">Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase</fullName>
      <shortName evidence="1">HGDO</shortName>
      <ecNumber evidence="1">1.13.11.5</ecNumber>
    </recommendedName>
    <alternativeName>
      <fullName evidence="1">Homogentisate oxygenase</fullName>
    </alternativeName>
    <alternativeName>
      <fullName evidence="1">Homogentisic acid oxidase</fullName>
    </alternativeName>
    <alternativeName>
      <fullName evidence="1">Homogentisicase</fullName>
    </alternativeName>
  </protein>
  <gene>
    <name evidence="1" type="primary">hmgA</name>
    <name type="ordered locus">RPA4672</name>
  </gene>
  <organism>
    <name type="scientific">Rhodopseudomonas palustris (strain ATCC BAA-98 / CGA009)</name>
    <dbReference type="NCBI Taxonomy" id="258594"/>
    <lineage>
      <taxon>Bacteria</taxon>
      <taxon>Pseudomonadati</taxon>
      <taxon>Pseudomonadota</taxon>
      <taxon>Alphaproteobacteria</taxon>
      <taxon>Hyphomicrobiales</taxon>
      <taxon>Nitrobacteraceae</taxon>
      <taxon>Rhodopseudomonas</taxon>
    </lineage>
  </organism>
  <reference key="1">
    <citation type="journal article" date="2004" name="Nat. Biotechnol." volume="22" first="55" last="61">
      <title>Complete genome sequence of the metabolically versatile photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris.</title>
      <authorList>
        <person name="Larimer F.W."/>
        <person name="Chain P."/>
        <person name="Hauser L."/>
        <person name="Lamerdin J.E."/>
        <person name="Malfatti S."/>
        <person name="Do L."/>
        <person name="Land M.L."/>
        <person name="Pelletier D.A."/>
        <person name="Beatty J.T."/>
        <person name="Lang A.S."/>
        <person name="Tabita F.R."/>
        <person name="Gibson J.L."/>
        <person name="Hanson T.E."/>
        <person name="Bobst C."/>
        <person name="Torres y Torres J.L."/>
        <person name="Peres C."/>
        <person name="Harrison F.H."/>
        <person name="Gibson J."/>
        <person name="Harwood C.S."/>
      </authorList>
      <dbReference type="PubMed" id="14704707"/>
      <dbReference type="DOI" id="10.1038/nbt923"/>
    </citation>
    <scope>NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]</scope>
    <source>
      <strain>ATCC BAA-98 / CGA009</strain>
    </source>
  </reference>
  <comment type="function">
    <text evidence="1">Involved in the catabolism of homogentisate (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetate or 2,5-OH-PhAc), a central intermediate in the degradation of phenylalanine and tyrosine. Catalyzes the oxidative ring cleavage of the aromatic ring of homogentisate to yield maleylacetoacetate.</text>
  </comment>
  <comment type="catalytic activity">
    <reaction evidence="1">
      <text>homogentisate + O2 = 4-maleylacetoacetate + H(+)</text>
      <dbReference type="Rhea" id="RHEA:15449"/>
      <dbReference type="ChEBI" id="CHEBI:15378"/>
      <dbReference type="ChEBI" id="CHEBI:15379"/>
      <dbReference type="ChEBI" id="CHEBI:16169"/>
      <dbReference type="ChEBI" id="CHEBI:17105"/>
      <dbReference type="EC" id="1.13.11.5"/>
    </reaction>
  </comment>
  <comment type="cofactor">
    <cofactor evidence="1">
      <name>Fe cation</name>
      <dbReference type="ChEBI" id="CHEBI:24875"/>
    </cofactor>
  </comment>
  <comment type="pathway">
    <text evidence="1">Amino-acid degradation; L-phenylalanine degradation; acetoacetate and fumarate from L-phenylalanine: step 4/6.</text>
  </comment>
  <comment type="subunit">
    <text evidence="1">Hexamer; dimer of trimers.</text>
  </comment>
  <comment type="similarity">
    <text evidence="1">Belongs to the homogentisate dioxygenase family.</text>
  </comment>
  <dbReference type="EC" id="1.13.11.5" evidence="1"/>
  <dbReference type="EMBL" id="BX572608">
    <property type="protein sequence ID" value="CAE30112.1"/>
    <property type="molecule type" value="Genomic_DNA"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="RefSeq" id="WP_011160204.1">
    <property type="nucleotide sequence ID" value="NZ_CP116810.1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="AlphaFoldDB" id="Q6N0T9"/>
  <dbReference type="SMR" id="Q6N0T9"/>
  <dbReference type="STRING" id="258594.RPA4672"/>
  <dbReference type="GeneID" id="66895830"/>
  <dbReference type="eggNOG" id="COG3508">
    <property type="taxonomic scope" value="Bacteria"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="HOGENOM" id="CLU_027174_0_0_5"/>
  <dbReference type="PhylomeDB" id="Q6N0T9"/>
  <dbReference type="UniPathway" id="UPA00139">
    <property type="reaction ID" value="UER00339"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="GO" id="GO:0005737">
    <property type="term" value="C:cytoplasm"/>
    <property type="evidence" value="ECO:0000501"/>
    <property type="project" value="TreeGrafter"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="GO" id="GO:0004411">
    <property type="term" value="F:homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase activity"/>
    <property type="evidence" value="ECO:0000501"/>
    <property type="project" value="UniProtKB-UniRule"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="GO" id="GO:0005506">
    <property type="term" value="F:iron ion binding"/>
    <property type="evidence" value="ECO:0000501"/>
    <property type="project" value="UniProtKB-UniRule"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="GO" id="GO:0006559">
    <property type="term" value="P:L-phenylalanine catabolic process"/>
    <property type="evidence" value="ECO:0000501"/>
    <property type="project" value="UniProtKB-UniRule"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="GO" id="GO:0006572">
    <property type="term" value="P:L-tyrosine catabolic process"/>
    <property type="evidence" value="ECO:0000501"/>
    <property type="project" value="UniProtKB-UniRule"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="CDD" id="cd07000">
    <property type="entry name" value="cupin_HGO_N"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="FunFam" id="2.60.120.10:FF:000053">
    <property type="entry name" value="Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="Gene3D" id="2.60.120.10">
    <property type="entry name" value="Jelly Rolls"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="HAMAP" id="MF_00334">
    <property type="entry name" value="Homogentis_dioxygen"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="InterPro" id="IPR046451">
    <property type="entry name" value="HgmA_C"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="InterPro" id="IPR046452">
    <property type="entry name" value="HgmA_N"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="InterPro" id="IPR005708">
    <property type="entry name" value="Homogentis_dOase"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="InterPro" id="IPR022950">
    <property type="entry name" value="Homogentis_dOase_bac"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="InterPro" id="IPR014710">
    <property type="entry name" value="RmlC-like_jellyroll"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="InterPro" id="IPR011051">
    <property type="entry name" value="RmlC_Cupin_sf"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="NCBIfam" id="TIGR01015">
    <property type="entry name" value="hmgA"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="PANTHER" id="PTHR11056">
    <property type="entry name" value="HOMOGENTISATE 1,2-DIOXYGENASE"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="PANTHER" id="PTHR11056:SF0">
    <property type="entry name" value="HOMOGENTISATE 1,2-DIOXYGENASE"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="Pfam" id="PF04209">
    <property type="entry name" value="HgmA_C"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="Pfam" id="PF20510">
    <property type="entry name" value="HgmA_N"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="SUPFAM" id="SSF51182">
    <property type="entry name" value="RmlC-like cupins"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <proteinExistence type="inferred from homology"/>
  <keyword id="KW-0223">Dioxygenase</keyword>
  <keyword id="KW-0408">Iron</keyword>
  <keyword id="KW-0479">Metal-binding</keyword>
  <keyword id="KW-0560">Oxidoreductase</keyword>
  <keyword id="KW-0585">Phenylalanine catabolism</keyword>
  <keyword id="KW-0828">Tyrosine catabolism</keyword>
  <feature type="chain" id="PRO_0000225795" description="Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase">
    <location>
      <begin position="1"/>
      <end position="448"/>
    </location>
  </feature>
  <feature type="active site" description="Proton acceptor" evidence="1">
    <location>
      <position position="303"/>
    </location>
  </feature>
  <feature type="binding site" evidence="1">
    <location>
      <position position="346"/>
    </location>
    <ligand>
      <name>Fe cation</name>
      <dbReference type="ChEBI" id="CHEBI:24875"/>
    </ligand>
  </feature>
  <feature type="binding site" evidence="1">
    <location>
      <position position="352"/>
    </location>
    <ligand>
      <name>Fe cation</name>
      <dbReference type="ChEBI" id="CHEBI:24875"/>
    </ligand>
  </feature>
  <feature type="binding site" evidence="1">
    <location>
      <position position="361"/>
    </location>
    <ligand>
      <name>homogentisate</name>
      <dbReference type="ChEBI" id="CHEBI:16169"/>
    </ligand>
  </feature>
  <feature type="binding site" evidence="1">
    <location>
      <position position="382"/>
    </location>
    <ligand>
      <name>Fe cation</name>
      <dbReference type="ChEBI" id="CHEBI:24875"/>
    </ligand>
  </feature>
  <feature type="binding site" evidence="1">
    <location>
      <position position="382"/>
    </location>
    <ligand>
      <name>homogentisate</name>
      <dbReference type="ChEBI" id="CHEBI:16169"/>
    </ligand>
  </feature>
  <evidence type="ECO:0000255" key="1">
    <source>
      <dbReference type="HAMAP-Rule" id="MF_00334"/>
    </source>
  </evidence>
  <sequence length="448" mass="49761" checksum="1E3C3C8BB33EE45D" modified="2004-07-05" version="1">MNINAAPQILGRSSQDITPGYMSGFGNSFETEALPGALPVGRNSPQRCAYGLYAEQLSGSPFTAPRGANERSWLYRIRPSVKHSGRFAKTDMGLWRSAPCFEHDLPIAQLRWDPPPMPQEALTFLQGVRTMTTAGDVNTQAGMATHLYLITQSMVDQHFYNADGEMMFVPQQGSLRLVTEFGIITIEPAEIAVIPRGVKFRVELVDGPARGYLCENYGGAFTLPERGPIGANCLANSRDFLTPVAAYEDKDTPTELYVKWGGSLYVTKLPHSPIDVVAWHGNYAPYKYDLRTYSPVGAIGFDHPDPSIFTVLTSPSETPGTANIDFVIFPERWMVADNTFRPPWYHMNIMSEFMGLIYGVYDAKPQGFVPGGASLHNMMLPHGPDREAFDHASNGELKPVKLTGTMAFMFETRYPQRVTEYAASSGLLQDDYADCWNGLEKRFDPNRP</sequence>
</entry>
<copyright>
Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License
</copyright>
</uniprot>