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<entry dataset="Swiss-Prot" created="2008-01-15" modified="2026-09-02" version="93" xmlns="http://uniprot.org/uniprot">
  <accession>Q1R7T9</accession>
  <name>CYSD_ECOUT</name>
  <protein>
    <recommendedName>
      <fullName evidence="1">Sulfate adenylyltransferase subunit 2</fullName>
      <ecNumber evidence="1">2.7.7.4</ecNumber>
    </recommendedName>
    <alternativeName>
      <fullName evidence="1">ATP-sulfurylase small subunit</fullName>
    </alternativeName>
    <alternativeName>
      <fullName evidence="1">Sulfate adenylate transferase</fullName>
      <shortName evidence="1">SAT</shortName>
    </alternativeName>
  </protein>
  <gene>
    <name evidence="1" type="primary">cysD</name>
    <name type="ordered locus">UTI89_C3123</name>
  </gene>
  <organism>
    <name type="scientific">Escherichia coli (strain UTI89 / UPEC)</name>
    <dbReference type="NCBI Taxonomy" id="364106"/>
    <lineage>
      <taxon>Bacteria</taxon>
      <taxon>Pseudomonadati</taxon>
      <taxon>Pseudomonadota</taxon>
      <taxon>Gammaproteobacteria</taxon>
      <taxon>Enterobacterales</taxon>
      <taxon>Enterobacteriaceae</taxon>
      <taxon>Escherichia</taxon>
    </lineage>
  </organism>
  <reference key="1">
    <citation type="journal article" date="2006" name="Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A." volume="103" first="5977" last="5982">
      <title>Identification of genes subject to positive selection in uropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli: a comparative genomics approach.</title>
      <authorList>
        <person name="Chen S.L."/>
        <person name="Hung C.-S."/>
        <person name="Xu J."/>
        <person name="Reigstad C.S."/>
        <person name="Magrini V."/>
        <person name="Sabo A."/>
        <person name="Blasiar D."/>
        <person name="Bieri T."/>
        <person name="Meyer R.R."/>
        <person name="Ozersky P."/>
        <person name="Armstrong J.R."/>
        <person name="Fulton R.S."/>
        <person name="Latreille J.P."/>
        <person name="Spieth J."/>
        <person name="Hooton T.M."/>
        <person name="Mardis E.R."/>
        <person name="Hultgren S.J."/>
        <person name="Gordon J.I."/>
      </authorList>
      <dbReference type="PubMed" id="16585510"/>
      <dbReference type="DOI" id="10.1073/pnas.0600938103"/>
    </citation>
    <scope>NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]</scope>
    <source>
      <strain>UTI89 / UPEC</strain>
    </source>
  </reference>
  <comment type="function">
    <text evidence="1">With CysN forms the ATP sulfurylase (ATPS) that catalyzes the adenylation of sulfate producing adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) and diphosphate, the first enzymatic step in sulfur assimilation pathway. APS synthesis involves the formation of a high-energy phosphoric-sulfuric acid anhydride bond driven by GTP hydrolysis by CysN coupled to ATP hydrolysis by CysD.</text>
  </comment>
  <comment type="catalytic activity">
    <reaction evidence="1">
      <text>sulfate + ATP + H(+) = adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate + diphosphate</text>
      <dbReference type="Rhea" id="RHEA:18133"/>
      <dbReference type="ChEBI" id="CHEBI:15378"/>
      <dbReference type="ChEBI" id="CHEBI:16189"/>
      <dbReference type="ChEBI" id="CHEBI:30616"/>
      <dbReference type="ChEBI" id="CHEBI:33019"/>
      <dbReference type="ChEBI" id="CHEBI:58243"/>
      <dbReference type="EC" id="2.7.7.4"/>
    </reaction>
  </comment>
  <comment type="pathway">
    <text evidence="1">Sulfur metabolism; hydrogen sulfide biosynthesis; sulfite from sulfate: step 1/3.</text>
  </comment>
  <comment type="subunit">
    <text evidence="1">Heterodimer composed of CysD, the smaller subunit, and CysN.</text>
  </comment>
  <comment type="similarity">
    <text evidence="1">Belongs to the PAPS reductase family. CysD subfamily.</text>
  </comment>
  <dbReference type="EC" id="2.7.7.4" evidence="1"/>
  <dbReference type="EMBL" id="CP000243">
    <property type="protein sequence ID" value="ABE08575.1"/>
    <property type="molecule type" value="Genomic_DNA"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="RefSeq" id="WP_000372397.1">
    <property type="nucleotide sequence ID" value="NC_007946.1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="AlphaFoldDB" id="Q1R7T9"/>
  <dbReference type="SMR" id="Q1R7T9"/>
  <dbReference type="KEGG" id="eci:UTI89_C3123"/>
  <dbReference type="HOGENOM" id="CLU_043026_0_0_6"/>
  <dbReference type="UniPathway" id="UPA00140">
    <property type="reaction ID" value="UER00204"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="GO" id="GO:0004781">
    <property type="term" value="F:sulfate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity"/>
    <property type="evidence" value="ECO:0000501"/>
    <property type="project" value="UniProtKB-UniRule"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="GO" id="GO:0070814">
    <property type="term" value="P:hydrogen sulfide biosynthetic process"/>
    <property type="evidence" value="ECO:0000501"/>
    <property type="project" value="UniProtKB-UniRule"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="GO" id="GO:0000103">
    <property type="term" value="P:sulfate assimilation"/>
    <property type="evidence" value="ECO:0000501"/>
    <property type="project" value="UniProtKB-UniRule"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="CDD" id="cd23946">
    <property type="entry name" value="Sulfate_adenylyltransferase_2"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="FunFam" id="3.40.50.620:FF:000002">
    <property type="entry name" value="Sulfate adenylyltransferase subunit 2"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="Gene3D" id="3.40.50.620">
    <property type="entry name" value="HUPs"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="HAMAP" id="MF_00064">
    <property type="entry name" value="Sulf_adenylyltr_sub2"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="InterPro" id="IPR002500">
    <property type="entry name" value="PAPS_reduct_dom"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="InterPro" id="IPR014729">
    <property type="entry name" value="Rossmann-like_a/b/a_fold"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="InterPro" id="IPR011784">
    <property type="entry name" value="SO4_adenylTrfase_ssu"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="InterPro" id="IPR050128">
    <property type="entry name" value="Sulfate_adenylyltrnsfr_sub2"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="NCBIfam" id="TIGR02039">
    <property type="entry name" value="CysD"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="NCBIfam" id="NF003587">
    <property type="entry name" value="PRK05253.1"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="NCBIfam" id="NF009214">
    <property type="entry name" value="PRK12563.1"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="PANTHER" id="PTHR43196">
    <property type="entry name" value="SULFATE ADENYLYLTRANSFERASE SUBUNIT 2"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="PANTHER" id="PTHR43196:SF1">
    <property type="entry name" value="SULFATE ADENYLYLTRANSFERASE SUBUNIT 2"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="Pfam" id="PF01507">
    <property type="entry name" value="PAPS_reduct"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="PIRSF" id="PIRSF002936">
    <property type="entry name" value="CysDAde_trans"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <dbReference type="SUPFAM" id="SSF52402">
    <property type="entry name" value="Adenine nucleotide alpha hydrolases-like"/>
    <property type="match status" value="1"/>
  </dbReference>
  <proteinExistence type="inferred from homology"/>
  <keyword id="KW-0067">ATP-binding</keyword>
  <keyword id="KW-0547">Nucleotide-binding</keyword>
  <keyword id="KW-0548">Nucleotidyltransferase</keyword>
  <keyword id="KW-0808">Transferase</keyword>
  <feature type="chain" id="PRO_1000008957" description="Sulfate adenylyltransferase subunit 2">
    <location>
      <begin position="1"/>
      <end position="302"/>
    </location>
  </feature>
  <evidence type="ECO:0000255" key="1">
    <source>
      <dbReference type="HAMAP-Rule" id="MF_00064"/>
    </source>
  </evidence>
  <sequence length="302" mass="35192" checksum="AF5AC9C0BD1889B2" modified="2006-05-16" version="1">MDQKRLTHLRQLEAESIHIIREVAAEFSNPVMLYSIGKDSSVMLHLARKAFYPGTLPFPLLHVDTGWKFREMYEFRDRTAKAYGCELLVHKNPEGVAMGINPFVHGSAKHTDIMKTEGLKQALNKYGFDAAFGGARRDEEKSRAKERIYSFRDRFHRWDPKNQRPELWHNYNGQINKGESIRVFPLSNWTEQDIWQYIWLENIDIVPLYLAAERPVLERDGMLMMIDDNRINLQSGEVIKKRMVRFRTLGCWPLTGAVESNAQTLPEIIEEMLVSTTSERQGRVIDRDQAGSMELKKRQGYF</sequence>
</entry>
<copyright>
Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License
</copyright>
</uniprot>