ID   CYC_PANTR               Reviewed;         105 AA.
AC   P99998; P00001; Q96BV4;
DT   21-JUL-1986, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   23-JAN-2007, sequence version 2.
DT   04-NOV-2026, entry version 156.
DE   RecName: Full=Cytochrome c;
GN   Name=CYCS; Synonyms=CYC;
OS   Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC   Pan.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9598;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=12766228; DOI=10.1073/pnas.1232172100;
RA   Wildman D.E., Uddin M., Liu G., Grossman L.I., Goodman M.;
RT   "Implications of natural selection in shaping 99.4% nonsynonymous DNA
RT   identity between humans and chimpanzees: enlarging genus Homo.";
RL   Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100:7181-7188(2003).
RN   [2]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 2-105.
RX   PubMed=4975694; DOI=10.1111/j.1749-6632.1968.tb11901.x;
RA   Margoliash E., Fitch W.M.;
RT   "Evolutionary variability of cytochrome c primary structures.";
RL   Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 151:359-381(1968).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Electron carrier protein. The oxidized form of the cytochrome
CC       c heme group can accept an electron from the heme group of the
CC       cytochrome c1 subunit of cytochrome reductase. Cytochrome c then
CC       transfers this electron to the cytochrome oxidase complex, the final
CC       protein carrier in the mitochondrial electron-transport chain (By
CC       similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Plays a role in apoptosis. Suppression of the anti-apoptotic
CC       members or activation of the pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family
CC       leads to altered mitochondrial membrane permeability resulting in
CC       release of cytochrome c into the cytosol. Binding of cytochrome c to
CC       Apaf-1 triggers the activation of caspase-9, which then accelerates
CC       apoptosis by activating other caspases (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Mitochondrion intermembrane space. Note=Loosely
CC       associated with the inner membrane.
CC   -!- PTM: Binds 1 heme c group covalently per subunit.
CC   -!- PTM: Phosphorylation at Tyr-49 and Tyr-98 both reduce by half the
CC       turnover in the reaction with cytochrome c oxidase, down-regulating
CC       mitochondrial respiration. {ECO:0000250}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the cytochrome c family. {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=Protein Spotlight; Note=Life shuttle - Issue 76 of
CC       November 2006;
CC       URL="https://www.proteinspotlight.org/back_issues/076";
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DR   EMBL; AY268594; AAP49489.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   PIR; A00002; CCCZ.
DR   RefSeq; NP_001065289.1; NM_001071821.1.
DR   RefSeq; XP_009450812.1; XM_009452537.5.
DR   RefSeq; XP_016812394.1; XM_016956905.4.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P99998; -.
DR   BMRB; P99998; -.
DR   SMR; P99998; -.
DR   FunCoup; P99998; 2473.
DR   STRING; 9598.ENSPTRP00000032465; -.
DR   PaxDb; 9598-ENSPTRP00000032465; -.
DR   Ensembl; ENSPTRT00000035122.4; ENSPTRP00000032465.3; ENSPTRG00000018996.4.
DR   Ensembl; ENSPTRT00000077588.1; ENSPTRP00000063547.1; ENSPTRG00000043922.1.
DR   GeneID; 744779; -.
DR   KEGG; ptr:744779; -.
DR   CTD; 54205; -.
DR   VGNC; VGNC:14767; CYCS.
DR   eggNOG; KOG3453; Eukaryota.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00390000009405; -.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_060944_3_0_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; P99998; -.
DR   OMA; ACHAIAY; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 564at9604; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000002277; Chromosome 7.
DR   Bgee; ENSPTRG00000018996; Expressed in heart and 21 other cell types or tissues.
DR   GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; ISS:UniProtKB.
DR   GO; GO:0005758; C:mitochondrial intermembrane space; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0009055; F:electron transfer activity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0020037; F:heme binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0006123; P:mitochondrial electron transport, cytochrome c to oxygen; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0006122; P:mitochondrial electron transport, ubiquinol to cytochrome c; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   FunFam; 1.10.760.10:FF:000008; Cytochrome c; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.10.760.10; Cytochrome c-like domain; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR009056; Cyt_c-like_dom.
DR   InterPro; IPR036909; Cyt_c-like_dom_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR002327; Cyt_c_1A/1B.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR11961; CYTOCHROME C; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00034; Cytochrom_C; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00604; CYTCHRMECIAB.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF46626; Cytochrome c; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS51007; CYTC; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Acetylation; Apoptosis; Direct protein sequencing; Electron transport;
KW   Heme; Iron; Metal-binding; Mitochondrion; Phosphoprotein;
KW   Reference proteome; Respiratory chain; Transport.
FT   INIT_MET        1
FT                   /note="Removed"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62894,
FT                   ECO:0000269|PubMed:4975694"
FT   CHAIN           2..105
FT                   /note="Cytochrome c"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000108227"
FT   BINDING         15
FT                   /ligand="heme c"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:61717"
FT                   /note="covalent"
FT   BINDING         18
FT                   /ligand="heme c"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:61717"
FT                   /note="covalent"
FT   BINDING         19
FT                   /ligand="heme c"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:61717"
FT                   /ligand_part="Fe"
FT                   /ligand_part_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18248"
FT                   /note="axial binding residue"
FT   BINDING         81
FT                   /ligand="heme c"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:61717"
FT                   /ligand_part="Fe"
FT                   /ligand_part_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18248"
FT                   /note="axial binding residue"
FT   MOD_RES         2
FT                   /note="N-acetylglycine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62894"
FT   MOD_RES         49
FT                   /note="Phosphotyrosine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62894"
FT   MOD_RES         56
FT                   /note="N6-succinyllysine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62897"
FT   MOD_RES         73
FT                   /note="N6-acetyllysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62897"
FT   MOD_RES         73
FT                   /note="N6-succinyllysine; alternate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62897"
FT   MOD_RES         98
FT                   /note="Phosphotyrosine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62894"
FT   MOD_RES         100
FT                   /note="N6-acetyllysine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P62897"
SQ   SEQUENCE   105 AA;  11749 MW;  8EE9689E0102506B CRC64;
     MGDVEKGKKI FIMKCSQCHT VEKGGKHKTG PNLHGLFGRK TGQAPGYSYT AANKNKGIIW
     GEDTLMEYLE NPKKYIPGTK MIFVGIKKKE ERADLIAYLK KATNE
//