ID S10AA_HUMAN Reviewed; 97 AA. AC P60903; A8K4V8; P08206; Q5T1C5; DT 01-AUG-1988, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. DT 23-JAN-2007, sequence version 2. DT 04-NOV-2026, entry version 196. DE RecName: Full=Protein S100-A10; DE AltName: Full=Calpactin I light chain; DE AltName: Full=Calpactin-1 light chain; DE AltName: Full=Cellular ligand of annexin II; DE AltName: Full=S100 calcium-binding protein A10; DE AltName: Full=p10 protein; DE AltName: Full=p11; GN Name=S100A10; Synonyms=ANX2LG, CAL1L, CLP11; OS Homo sapiens (Human). OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; OC Homo. OX NCBI_TaxID=9606; RN [1] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RX PubMed=1831433; DOI=10.1016/0378-1119(91)90086-q; RA Kube E., Weber K., Gerke V.; RT "Primary structure of human, chicken, and Xenopus laevis p11, a cellular RT ligand of the Src-kinase substrate, annexin II."; RL Gene 102:255-259(1991). RN [2] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=1533380; DOI=10.1016/0378-1119(92)90406-f; RA Harder T., Kube E., Gerke V.; RT "Cloning and characterization of the human gene encoding p11: structural RT similarity to other members of the S-100 gene family."; RL Gene 113:269-274(1992). RN [3] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Keratinocyte; RX PubMed=1386341; DOI=10.1016/0888-7543(92)90171-n; RA Dooley T.P., Weiland K.L., Simon M.; RT "cDNA sequence of human p11 calpactin I light chain."; RL Genomics 13:866-868(1992). RN [4] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RX PubMed=14702039; DOI=10.1038/ng1285; RA Ota T., Suzuki Y., Nishikawa T., Otsuki T., Sugiyama T., Irie R., RA Wakamatsu A., Hayashi K., Sato H., Nagai K., Kimura K., Makita H., RA Sekine M., Obayashi M., Nishi T., Shibahara T., Tanaka T., Ishii S., RA Yamamoto J., Saito K., Kawai Y., Isono Y., Nakamura Y., Nagahari K., RA Murakami K., Yasuda T., Iwayanagi T., Wagatsuma M., Shiratori A., Sudo H., RA Hosoiri T., Kaku Y., Kodaira H., Kondo H., Sugawara M., Takahashi M., RA Kanda K., Yokoi T., Furuya T., Kikkawa E., Omura Y., Abe K., Kamihara K., RA Katsuta N., Sato K., Tanikawa M., Yamazaki M., Ninomiya K., Ishibashi T., RA Yamashita H., Murakawa K., Fujimori K., Tanai H., Kimata M., Watanabe M., RA Hiraoka S., Chiba Y., Ishida S., Ono Y., Takiguchi S., Watanabe S., RA Yosida M., Hotuta T., Kusano J., Kanehori K., Takahashi-Fujii A., Hara H., RA Tanase T.-O., Nomura Y., Togiya S., Komai F., Hara R., Takeuchi K., RA Arita M., Imose N., Musashino K., Yuuki H., Oshima A., Sasaki N., RA Aotsuka S., Yoshikawa Y., Matsunawa H., Ichihara T., Shiohata N., Sano S., RA Moriya S., Momiyama H., Satoh N., Takami S., Terashima Y., Suzuki O., RA Nakagawa S., Senoh A., Mizoguchi H., Goto Y., Shimizu F., Wakebe H., RA Hishigaki H., Watanabe T., Sugiyama A., Takemoto M., Kawakami B., RA Yamazaki M., Watanabe K., Kumagai A., Itakura S., Fukuzumi Y., Fujimori Y., RA Komiyama M., Tashiro H., Tanigami A., Fujiwara T., Ono T., Yamada K., RA Fujii Y., Ozaki K., Hirao M., Ohmori Y., Kawabata A., Hikiji T., RA Kobatake N., Inagaki H., Ikema Y., Okamoto S., Okitani R., Kawakami T., RA Noguchi S., Itoh T., Shigeta K., Senba T., Matsumura K., Nakajima Y., RA Mizuno T., Morinaga M., Sasaki M., Togashi T., Oyama M., Hata H., RA Watanabe M., Komatsu T., Mizushima-Sugano J., Satoh T., Shirai Y., RA Takahashi Y., Nakagawa K., Okumura K., Nagase T., Nomura N., Kikuchi H., RA Masuho Y., Yamashita R., Nakai K., Yada T., Nakamura Y., Ohara O., RA Isogai T., Sugano S.; RT "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human RT cDNAs."; RL Nat. Genet. 36:40-45(2004). RN [5] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA]. RX PubMed=16710414; DOI=10.1038/nature04727; RA Gregory S.G., Barlow K.F., McLay K.E., Kaul R., Swarbreck D., Dunham A., RA Scott C.E., Howe K.L., Woodfine K., Spencer C.C.A., Jones M.C., Gillson C., RA Searle S., Zhou Y., Kokocinski F., McDonald L., Evans R., Phillips K., RA Atkinson A., Cooper R., Jones C., Hall R.E., Andrews T.D., Lloyd C., RA Ainscough R., Almeida J.P., Ambrose K.D., Anderson F., Andrew R.W., RA Ashwell R.I.S., Aubin K., Babbage A.K., Bagguley C.L., Bailey J., RA Beasley H., Bethel G., Bird C.P., Bray-Allen S., Brown J.Y., Brown A.J., RA Buckley D., Burton J., Bye J., Carder C., Chapman J.C., Clark S.Y., RA Clarke G., Clee C., Cobley V., Collier R.E., Corby N., Coville G.J., RA Davies J., Deadman R., Dunn M., Earthrowl M., Ellington A.G., Errington H., RA Frankish A., Frankland J., French L., Garner P., Garnett J., Gay L., RA Ghori M.R.J., Gibson R., Gilby L.M., Gillett W., Glithero R.J., RA Grafham D.V., Griffiths C., Griffiths-Jones S., Grocock R., Hammond S., RA Harrison E.S.I., Hart E., Haugen E., Heath P.D., Holmes S., Holt K., RA Howden P.J., Hunt A.R., Hunt S.E., Hunter G., Isherwood J., James R., RA Johnson C., Johnson D., Joy A., Kay M., Kershaw J.K., Kibukawa M., RA Kimberley A.M., King A., Knights A.J., Lad H., Laird G., Lawlor S., RA Leongamornlert D.A., Lloyd D.M., Loveland J., Lovell J., Lush M.J., RA Lyne R., Martin S., Mashreghi-Mohammadi M., Matthews L., Matthews N.S.W., RA McLaren S., Milne S., Mistry S., Moore M.J.F., Nickerson T., O'Dell C.N., RA Oliver K., Palmeiri A., Palmer S.A., Parker A., Patel D., Pearce A.V., RA Peck A.I., Pelan S., Phelps K., Phillimore B.J., Plumb R., Rajan J., RA Raymond C., Rouse G., Saenphimmachak C., Sehra H.K., Sheridan E., RA Shownkeen R., Sims S., Skuce C.D., Smith M., Steward C., Subramanian S., RA Sycamore N., Tracey A., Tromans A., Van Helmond Z., Wall M., Wallis J.M., RA White S., Whitehead S.L., Wilkinson J.E., Willey D.L., Williams H., RA Wilming L., Wray P.W., Wu Z., Coulson A., Vaudin M., Sulston J.E., RA Durbin R.M., Hubbard T., Wooster R., Dunham I., Carter N.P., McVean G., RA Ross M.T., Harrow J., Olson M.V., Beck S., Rogers J., Bentley D.R.; RT "The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1."; RL Nature 441:315-321(2006). RN [6] RP NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE MRNA]. RC TISSUE=Brain; RX PubMed=15489334; DOI=10.1101/gr.2596504; RG The MGC Project Team; RT "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: RT the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)."; RL Genome Res. 14:2121-2127(2004). RN [7] RP ACETYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-23; LYS-28; LYS-37; LYS-54 AND RP LYS-57, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=19608861; DOI=10.1126/science.1175371; RA Choudhary C., Kumar C., Gnad F., Nielsen M.L., Rehman M., Walther T.C., RA Olsen J.V., Mann M.; RT "Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major RT cellular functions."; RL Science 325:834-840(2009). RN [8] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=21269460; DOI=10.1186/1752-0509-5-17; RA Burkard T.R., Planyavsky M., Kaupe I., Breitwieser F.P., Buerckstuemmer T., RA Bennett K.L., Superti-Furga G., Colinge J.; RT "Initial characterization of the human central proteome."; RL BMC Syst. Biol. 5:17-17(2011). RN [9] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RC TISSUE=Liver; RX PubMed=24275569; DOI=10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014; RA Bian Y., Song C., Cheng K., Dong M., Wang F., Huang J., Sun D., Wang L., RA Ye M., Zou H.; RT "An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver RT phosphoproteome."; RL J. Proteomics 96:253-262(2014). RN [10] RP IDENTIFICATION BY MASS SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=25944712; DOI=10.1002/pmic.201400617; RA Vaca Jacome A.S., Rabilloud T., Schaeffer-Reiss C., Rompais M., Ayoub D., RA Lane L., Bairoch A., Van Dorsselaer A., Carapito C.; RT "N-terminome analysis of the human mitochondrial proteome."; RL Proteomics 15:2519-2524(2015). RN [11] RP SUMOYLATION [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS] AT LYS-37, AND IDENTIFICATION BY MASS RP SPECTROMETRY [LARGE SCALE ANALYSIS]. RX PubMed=28112733; DOI=10.1038/nsmb.3366; RA Hendriks I.A., Lyon D., Young C., Jensen L.J., Vertegaal A.C., RA Nielsen M.L.; RT "Site-specific mapping of the human SUMO proteome reveals co-modification RT with phosphorylation."; RL Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 24:325-336(2017). RN [12] RP X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, AND SUBUNIT. RX PubMed=9886297; DOI=10.1038/4965; RA Rety S., Sopkova J., Renouard M., Osterloh D., Gerke V., Tabaries S., RA Russo-Marie F., Lewit-Bentley A.; RT "The crystal structure of a complex of p11 with the annexin II N-terminal RT peptide."; RL Nat. Struct. Biol. 6:89-95(1999). CC -!- FUNCTION: Because S100A10 induces the dimerization of ANXA2/p36, it may CC function as a regulator of protein phosphorylation in that the ANXA2 CC monomer is the preferred target (in vitro) of tyrosine-specific kinase. CC -!- SUBUNIT: Heterotetramer containing 2 light chains of S100A10/p11 and 2 CC heavy chains of ANXA2/p36 (PubMed:9886297). Interacts with SCN10A (By CC similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P05943, CC ECO:0000269|PubMed:9886297}. CC -!- INTERACTION: CC P60903; Q09666: AHNAK; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-717048, EBI-2555881; CC P60903; P07355: ANXA2; NbExp=6; IntAct=EBI-717048, EBI-352622; CC P60903; P46092: CCR10; NbExp=5; IntAct=EBI-717048, EBI-348022; CC P60903; Q14527: HLTF; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-717048, EBI-1045161; CC P60903; Q8NB16-2: MLKL; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-717048, EBI-19046912; CC P60903; P60321: NANOS2; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-717048, EBI-10216569; CC P60903; P33764: S100A3; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-717048, EBI-1044747; CC P60903; Q8WXG8: S100Z; NbExp=6; IntAct=EBI-717048, EBI-12198403; CC P60903; Q8TD43: TRPM4; NbExp=2; IntAct=EBI-717048, EBI-11723041; CC P60903; O75604: USP2; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-717048, EBI-743272; CC P60903; Q8N5A5-2: ZGPAT; NbExp=3; IntAct=EBI-717048, EBI-10183064; CC -!- MISCELLANEOUS: Does not appear to bind calcium. Contains 2 ancestral CC calcium site related to EF-hand domains that have lost their ability to CC bind calcium. CC -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the S-100 family. {ECO:0000305}. CC -!- WEB RESOURCE: Name=Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and CC Haematology; CC URL="https://atlasgeneticsoncology.org/gene/44145/S100A10"; CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- CC Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms CC Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License CC --------------------------------------------------------------------------- DR EMBL; M81457; AAA58404.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; M38591; AAA58426.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; M77483; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; AK291073; BAF83762.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; AL450992; -; NOT_ANNOTATED_CDS; Genomic_DNA. DR EMBL; BC015973; AAH15973.1; -; mRNA. DR EMBL; BC105786; AAI05787.1; -; mRNA. DR CCDS; CCDS1008.1; -. DR PIR; JC1139; JC1139. DR RefSeq; NP_002957.1; NM_002966.3. DR PDB; 1A4P; X-ray; 2.25 A; A/B=2-97. DR PDB; 1BT6; X-ray; 2.40 A; A/B=2-97. DR PDB; 4DRW; X-ray; 3.50 A; A/B/C/D=1-93. DR PDB; 4FTG; X-ray; 2.51 A; A/B=2-97. DR PDB; 4HRE; X-ray; 2.79 A; E/F/I/J=2-97. DR PDB; 4HRG; X-ray; 2.00 A; A/B=1-93. DR PDB; 4HRH; X-ray; 3.00 A; A/B=1-93. DR AlphaFoldDB; P60903; -. DR SMR; P60903; -. DR BioGRID; 112189; 137. DR ComplexPortal; CPX-850; AHNAK - Annexin A2 - S100-A10 complex. DR ComplexPortal; CPX-853; Annexin A2 - S100-A10 complex. DR ComplexPortal; CPX-856; SMARCA3 - Annexin A2 - S100-A10 complex. DR FunCoup; P60903; 239. DR IntAct; P60903; 65. DR NDEx; IQUERY-CP-S100A10; 2 NDEx IQuery Curated Pathways. DR STRING; 9606.ENSP00000357801; -. DR BindingDB; P60903; -. DR ChEMBL; CHEMBL1764939; -. DR DrugBank; DB12695; Phenethyl Isothiocyanate. DR TCDB; 8.A.81.1.2; the s100 calcium-binding protein (s100) family. DR GlyGen; P60903; 1 site, 1 O-linked glycan (1 site). DR iPTMnet; P60903; -. DR MetOSite; P60903; -. DR PhosphoSitePlus; P60903; -. DR SwissPalm; P60903; -. DR BioMuta; S100A10; -. DR DMDM; 46397706; -. DR jPOST; P60903; -. DR MassIVE; P60903; -. DR PaxDb; 9606-ENSP00000357801; -. DR PeptideAtlas; P60903; -. DR ProteomicsDB; 57237; -. DR Pumba; P60903; -. DR TopDownProteomics; P60903; -. DR Antibodypedia; 1093; 575 antibodies from 43 providers. DR DNASU; 6281; -. DR Ensembl; ENST00000368809.1; ENSP00000357799.1; ENSG00000197747.10. DR Ensembl; ENST00000368811.8; ENSP00000357801.3; ENSG00000197747.10. DR Ensembl; ENST00000872056.1; ENSP00000542115.1; ENSG00000197747.10. DR Ensembl; ENST00000872057.1; ENSP00000542116.1; ENSG00000197747.10. DR Ensembl; ENST00000919940.1; ENSP00000589999.1; ENSG00000197747.10. DR Ensembl; ENST00000919941.1; ENSP00000590000.1; ENSG00000197747.10. DR Ensembl; ENST00000919942.1; ENSP00000590001.1; ENSG00000197747.10. DR Ensembl; ENST00000919943.1; ENSP00000590002.1; ENSG00000197747.10. DR GeneID; 6281; -. DR KEGG; hsa:6281; -. DR MANE-Select; ENST00000368811.8; ENSP00000357801.3; NM_002966.3; NP_002957.1. DR UCSC; uc001ezl.4; human. DR AGR; HGNC:10487; -. DR ClinPGx; PA34899; -. DR CTD; 6281; -. DR DisGeNET; 6281; -. DR GeneCards; S100A10; -. DR HGNC; HGNC:10487; S100A10. DR HPA; ENSG00000197747; Tissue enhanced (esophagus). DR MalaCards; S100A10; -. DR MIM; 114085; gene. DR OpenTargets; ENSG00000197747; -. DR VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000197747; -. DR eggNOG; ENOG502S6TB; Eukaryota. DR GeneTree; ENSGT00940000154197; -. DR HOGENOM; CLU_138624_2_1_1; -. DR InParanoid; P60903; -. DR OMA; ACEQCYA; -. DR OrthoDB; 26525at2759; -. DR PAN-GO; P60903; 4 GO annotations based on evolutionary models. DR PhylomeDB; P60903; -. DR PathwayCommons; P60903; -. DR Reactome; R-HSA-75205; Dissolution of Fibrin Clot. DR SignaLink; P60903; -. DR SIGNOR; P60903; -. DR Agora; ENSG00000197747; -. DR BioGRID-ORCS; 6281; 20 hits in 1155 CRISPR screens. DR ChiTaRS; S100A10; human. DR EvolutionaryTrace; P60903; -. DR GeneWiki; S100A10; -. DR GenomeRNAi; 6281; -. DR Pharos; P60903; Tbio. DR PRO; PR:P60903; -. DR Proteomes; UP000005640; Chromosome 1. DR RNAct; P60903; protein. DR Bgee; ENSG00000197747; Expressed in mucosa of sigmoid colon and 214 other cell types or tissues. DR GO; GO:1990665; C:AnxA2-p11 complex; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0005737; C:cytoplasm; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0070062; C:extracellular exosome; HDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0031012; C:extracellular matrix; HDA:BHF-UCL. DR GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; HDA:BHF-UCL. DR GO; GO:0016363; C:nuclear matrix; NAS:ComplexPortal. DR GO; GO:0005886; C:plasma membrane; IDA:ComplexPortal. DR GO; GO:0098797; C:plasma membrane protein complex; IPI:ComplexPortal. DR GO; GO:0090575; C:RNA polymerase II transcription regulator complex; EXP:ComplexPortal. DR GO; GO:0005509; F:calcium ion binding; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0048306; F:calcium-dependent protein binding; IBA:GO_Central. DR GO; GO:0042803; F:protein homodimerization activity; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0044325; F:transmembrane transporter binding; IPI:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0001765; P:membrane raft assembly; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0042789; P:mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0045921; P:positive regulation of exocytosis; NAS:ComplexPortal. DR GO; GO:0051894; P:positive regulation of focal adhesion assembly; IMP:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0043547; P:positive regulation of GTPase activity; IMP:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:1905686; P:positive regulation of plasma membrane repair; NAS:ComplexPortal. DR GO; GO:0010756; P:positive regulation of plasminogen activation; IDA:ComplexPortal. DR GO; GO:0051496; P:positive regulation of stress fiber assembly; IMP:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:1900026; P:positive regulation of substrate adhesion-dependent cell spreading; IMP:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0045944; P:positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0072659; P:protein localization to plasma membrane; IDA:UniProtKB. DR GO; GO:0050767; P:regulation of neurogenesis; IEA:Ensembl. DR GO; GO:0006900; P:vesicle budding from membrane; IDA:UniProtKB. DR CDD; cd05024; S-100A10; 1. DR FunFam; 1.10.238.10:FF:000167; Protein S100-A10; 1. DR Gene3D; 1.10.238.10; EF-hand; 1. DR IDEAL; IID00813; -. DR InterPro; IPR011992; EF-hand-dom_pair. DR InterPro; IPR028476; S100-A10. DR InterPro; IPR001751; S100/CaBP7/8-like_CS. DR InterPro; IPR013787; S100_Ca-bd_sub. DR PANTHER; PTHR11639:SF74; PROTEIN S100-A10; 1. DR PANTHER; PTHR11639; S100 CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN; 1. DR Pfam; PF01023; S_100; 1. DR SMART; SM01394; S_100; 1. DR SUPFAM; SSF47473; EF-hand; 1. DR PROSITE; PS00303; S100_CABP; 1. PE 1: Evidence at protein level; KW 3D-structure; Acetylation; Isopeptide bond; Proteomics identification; KW Reference proteome; Ubl conjugation. FT CHAIN 1..97 FT /note="Protein S100-A10" FT /id="PRO_0000144002" FT REGION 60..71 FT /note="Ancestral calcium site" FT MOD_RES 23 FT /note="N6-acetyllysine" FT /evidence="ECO:0007744|PubMed:19608861" FT MOD_RES 28 FT /note="N6-acetyllysine" FT /evidence="ECO:0007744|PubMed:19608861" FT MOD_RES 37 FT /note="N6-acetyllysine; alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0007744|PubMed:19608861" FT MOD_RES 54 FT /note="N6-acetyllysine" FT /evidence="ECO:0007744|PubMed:19608861" FT MOD_RES 57 FT /note="N6-acetyllysine" FT /evidence="ECO:0007744|PubMed:19608861" FT CROSSLNK 37 FT /note="Glycyl lysine isopeptide (Lys-Gly) (interchain with FT G-Cter in SUMO2); alternate" FT /evidence="ECO:0007744|PubMed:28112733" FT HELIX 4..20 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4HRG" FT HELIX 21..23 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4HRG" FT STRAND 24..26 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4HRE" FT HELIX 28..38 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4HRG" FT HELIX 42..45 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4HRG" FT HELIX 51..57 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4HRG" FT STRAND 59..61 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4HRG" FT STRAND 63..65 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:1A4P" FT HELIX 69..90 FT /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:4HRG" SQ SEQUENCE 97 AA; 11203 MW; 3E8E03A6E7DD7A8D CRC64; MPSQMEHAME TMMFTFHKFA GDKGYLTKED LRVLMEKEFP GFLENQKDPL AVDKIMKDLD QCRDGKVGFQ SFFSLIAGLT IACNDYFVVH MKQKGKK //