ID   ILVC_BACSU              Reviewed;         342 AA.
AC   P37253;
DT   01-OCT-1994, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   01-OCT-1994, sequence version 1.
DT   02-SEP-2026, entry version 166.
DE   RecName: Full=Ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NADP(+)) {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435};
DE            Short=KARI {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435};
DE            EC=1.1.1.86 {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435};
DE   AltName: Full=Acetohydroxy-acid isomeroreductase {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435};
DE            Short=AHIR {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435};
DE   AltName: Full=Alpha-keto-beta-hydroxylacyl reductoisomerase {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435};
DE   AltName: Full=Ketol-acid reductoisomerase type 1 {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435};
DE   AltName: Full=Ketol-acid reductoisomerase type I {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435};
GN   Name=ilvC {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435};
GN   OrderedLocusNames=BSU28290;
OS   Bacillus subtilis (strain 168).
OC   Bacteria; Bacillati; Bacillota; Bacilli; Caryophanales; Bacillaceae;
OC   Bacillus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=224308;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RA   Vandeyar M.A., Vander Horn P.B., Rafael J.A., Grandoni J.A., Zahler S.A.;
RT   "The ilv-leu operon of Bacillus subtilis: sequences of the ilvB, ilvN and
RT   ilvC genes, and the control of transcription.";
RL   Submitted (SEP-1992) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=168;
RX   PubMed=8969504; DOI=10.1099/13500872-142-11-3067;
RA   Wipat A., Carter N., Brignell C.S., Guy J.B., Piper K., Sanders J.,
RA   Emmerson P.T., Harwood C.R.;
RT   "The dnaB-pheA (256 degrees-240 degrees) region of the Bacillus subtilis
RT   chromosome containing genes responsible for stress responses, the
RT   utilization of plant cell walls and primary metabolism.";
RL   Microbiology 142:3067-3078(1996).
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [LARGE SCALE GENOMIC DNA].
RC   STRAIN=168;
RX   PubMed=9384377; DOI=10.1038/36786;
RA   Kunst F., Ogasawara N., Moszer I., Albertini A.M., Alloni G., Azevedo V.,
RA   Bertero M.G., Bessieres P., Bolotin A., Borchert S., Borriss R.,
RA   Boursier L., Brans A., Braun M., Brignell S.C., Bron S., Brouillet S.,
RA   Bruschi C.V., Caldwell B., Capuano V., Carter N.M., Choi S.-K.,
RA   Codani J.-J., Connerton I.F., Cummings N.J., Daniel R.A., Denizot F.,
RA   Devine K.M., Duesterhoeft A., Ehrlich S.D., Emmerson P.T., Entian K.-D.,
RA   Errington J., Fabret C., Ferrari E., Foulger D., Fritz C., Fujita M.,
RA   Fujita Y., Fuma S., Galizzi A., Galleron N., Ghim S.-Y., Glaser P.,
RA   Goffeau A., Golightly E.J., Grandi G., Guiseppi G., Guy B.J., Haga K.,
RA   Haiech J., Harwood C.R., Henaut A., Hilbert H., Holsappel S., Hosono S.,
RA   Hullo M.-F., Itaya M., Jones L.-M., Joris B., Karamata D., Kasahara Y.,
RA   Klaerr-Blanchard M., Klein C., Kobayashi Y., Koetter P., Koningstein G.,
RA   Krogh S., Kumano M., Kurita K., Lapidus A., Lardinois S., Lauber J.,
RA   Lazarevic V., Lee S.-M., Levine A., Liu H., Masuda S., Mauel C.,
RA   Medigue C., Medina N., Mellado R.P., Mizuno M., Moestl D., Nakai S.,
RA   Noback M., Noone D., O'Reilly M., Ogawa K., Ogiwara A., Oudega B.,
RA   Park S.-H., Parro V., Pohl T.M., Portetelle D., Porwollik S.,
RA   Prescott A.M., Presecan E., Pujic P., Purnelle B., Rapoport G., Rey M.,
RA   Reynolds S., Rieger M., Rivolta C., Rocha E., Roche B., Rose M., Sadaie Y.,
RA   Sato T., Scanlan E., Schleich S., Schroeter R., Scoffone F., Sekiguchi J.,
RA   Sekowska A., Seror S.J., Serror P., Shin B.-S., Soldo B., Sorokin A.,
RA   Tacconi E., Takagi T., Takahashi H., Takemaru K., Takeuchi M.,
RA   Tamakoshi A., Tanaka T., Terpstra P., Tognoni A., Tosato V., Uchiyama S.,
RA   Vandenbol M., Vannier F., Vassarotti A., Viari A., Wambutt R., Wedler E.,
RA   Wedler H., Weitzenegger T., Winters P., Wipat A., Yamamoto H., Yamane K.,
RA   Yasumoto K., Yata K., Yoshida K., Yoshikawa H.-F., Zumstein E.,
RA   Yoshikawa H., Danchin A.;
RT   "The complete genome sequence of the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus
RT   subtilis.";
RL   Nature 390:249-256(1997).
RN   [4]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 17-31.
RC   STRAIN=168 / JH642;
RX   PubMed=8755892; DOI=10.1128/jb.178.15.4611-4619.1996;
RA   Graumann P., Schroeder K., Schmid R., Marahiel M.A.;
RT   "Cold shock stress-induced proteins in Bacillus subtilis.";
RL   J. Bacteriol. 178:4611-4619(1996).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Involved in the biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids
CC       (BCAA). Catalyzes an alkyl-migration followed by a ketol-acid reduction
CC       of (S)-2-acetolactate (S2AL) to yield (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-isovalerate. In
CC       the isomerase reaction, S2AL is rearranged via a Mg-dependent methyl
CC       migration to produce 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-ketobutyrate (HMKB). In the
CC       reductase reaction, this 2-ketoacid undergoes a metal-dependent
CC       reduction by NADPH to yield (R)-2,3-dihydroxy-isovalerate.
CC       {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435}.
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP(+) = (2S)-2-
CC         acetolactate + NADPH + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:22068, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:49072, ChEBI:CHEBI:57783, ChEBI:CHEBI:58349,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:58476; EC=1.1.1.86; Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC         Rule:MF_00435};
CC   -!- CATALYTIC ACTIVITY:
CC       Reaction=(2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylpentanoate + NADP(+) = (S)-2-
CC         ethyl-2-hydroxy-3-oxobutanoate + NADPH + H(+); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:13493,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:49256, ChEBI:CHEBI:49258,
CC         ChEBI:CHEBI:57783, ChEBI:CHEBI:58349; EC=1.1.1.86;
CC         Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435};
CC   -!- COFACTOR:
CC       Name=Mg(2+); Xref=ChEBI:CHEBI:18420; Evidence={ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC         Rule:MF_00435};
CC       Note=Binds 2 magnesium ions per subunit. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC       Rule:MF_00435};
CC   -!- PATHWAY: Amino-acid biosynthesis; L-isoleucine biosynthesis; L-
CC       isoleucine from 2-oxobutanoate: step 2/4. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-
CC       Rule:MF_00435}.
CC   -!- PATHWAY: Amino-acid biosynthesis; L-valine biosynthesis; L-valine from
CC       pyruvate: step 2/4. {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the ketol-acid reductoisomerase family.
CC       {ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435}.
CC   ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
CC   Copyrighted by the UniProt Consortium, see https://www.uniprot.org/terms
CC   Distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) License
CC   ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
DR   EMBL; L03181; AAA22548.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; Z75208; CAA99563.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; AL009126; CAB14789.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   PIR; C69644; C69644.
DR   RefSeq; NP_390707.1; NC_000964.3.
DR   RefSeq; WP_003222549.1; NC_000964.3.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P37253; -.
DR   SMR; P37253; -.
DR   FunCoup; P37253; 635.
DR   IntAct; P37253; 1.
DR   MINT; P37253; -.
DR   STRING; 224308.BSU28290; -.
DR   PaxDb; 224308-BSU28290; -.
DR   EnsemblBacteria; CAB14789; CAB14789; BSU_28290.
DR   GeneID; 937475; -.
DR   KEGG; bsu:BSU28290; -.
DR   PATRIC; fig|224308.179.peg.3073; -.
DR   eggNOG; COG0059; Bacteria.
DR   InParanoid; P37253; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 9804088at2; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; P37253; -.
DR   BioCyc; BSUB:BSU28290-MONOMER; -.
DR   UniPathway; UPA00047; UER00056.
DR   UniPathway; UPA00049; UER00060.
DR   Proteomes; UP000001570; Chromosome.
DR   AbasyAtlas; P37253; -.
DR   GO; GO:0005829; C:cytosol; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0004455; F:ketol-acid reductoisomerase activity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0000287; F:magnesium ion binding; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR   GO; GO:0050661; F:NADP binding; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:0009099; P:L-valine biosynthetic process; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   FunFam; 3.40.50.720:FF:000023; Ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NADP(+)); 1.
DR   Gene3D; 6.10.240.10; -; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 3.40.50.720; NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-like Domain; 1.
DR   HAMAP; MF_00435; IlvC; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR008927; 6-PGluconate_DH-like_C_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR013023; KARI.
DR   InterPro; IPR000506; KARI_C.
DR   InterPro; IPR013116; KARI_N.
DR   InterPro; IPR014359; KARI_prok.
DR   InterPro; IPR036291; NAD(P)-bd_dom_sf.
DR   NCBIfam; TIGR00465; ilvC; 1.
DR   NCBIfam; NF004017; PRK05479.1; 1.
DR   NCBIfam; NF009940; PRK13403.1; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR21371; KETOL-ACID REDUCTOISOMERASE, MITOCHONDRIAL; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR21371:SF1; KETOL-ACID REDUCTOISOMERASE, MITOCHONDRIAL; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF01450; KARI_C; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF07991; KARI_N; 1.
DR   PIRSF; PIRSF000116; IlvC_gammaproteo; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF48179; 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase C-terminal domain-like; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF51735; NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold domains; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS51851; KARI_C; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS51850; KARI_N; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Amino-acid biosynthesis; Branched-chain amino acid biosynthesis;
KW   Direct protein sequencing; Magnesium; Metal-binding; NADP; Oxidoreductase;
KW   Reference proteome.
FT   CHAIN           1..342
FT                   /note="Ketol-acid reductoisomerase (NADP(+))"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000151277"
FT   DOMAIN          2..181
FT                   /note="KARI N-terminal Rossmann"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01197"
FT   DOMAIN          182..327
FT                   /note="KARI C-terminal knotted"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU01198"
FT   ACT_SITE        107
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435"
FT   BINDING         25..28
FT                   /ligand="NADP(+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58349"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435"
FT   BINDING         48
FT                   /ligand="NADP(+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58349"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435"
FT   BINDING         52
FT                   /ligand="NADP(+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58349"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435"
FT   BINDING         82..85
FT                   /ligand="NADP(+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58349"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435"
FT   BINDING         133
FT                   /ligand="NADP(+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:58349"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435"
FT   BINDING         190
FT                   /ligand="Mg(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420"
FT                   /ligand_label="1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435"
FT   BINDING         190
FT                   /ligand="Mg(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420"
FT                   /ligand_label="2"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435"
FT   BINDING         194
FT                   /ligand="Mg(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420"
FT                   /ligand_label="1"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435"
FT   BINDING         226
FT                   /ligand="Mg(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420"
FT                   /ligand_label="2"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435"
FT   BINDING         230
FT                   /ligand="Mg(2+)"
FT                   /ligand_id="ChEBI:CHEBI:18420"
FT                   /ligand_label="2"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435"
FT   BINDING         251
FT                   /ligand="substrate"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000255|HAMAP-Rule:MF_00435"
SQ   SEQUENCE   342 AA;  37458 MW;  D6FA741EB5E90CE9 CRC64;
     MVKVYYNGDI KENVLAGKTV AVIGYGSQGH AHALNLKESG VDVIVGVRQG KSFTQAQEDG
     HKVFSVKEAA AQAEIIMVLL PDEQQQKVYE AEIKDELTAG KSLVFAHGFN VHFHQIVPPA
     DVDVFLVAPK GPGHLVRRTY EQGAGVPALF AIYQDVTGEA RDKALAYAKG IGGARAGVLE
     TTFKEETETD LFGEQAVLCG GLSALVKAGF ETLTEAGYQP ELAYFECLHE LKLIVDLMYE
     EGLAGMRYSI SDTAQWGDFV SGPRVVDAKV KESMKEVLKD IQNGTFAKEW IVENQVNRPR
     FNAINASENE HQIEVVGRKL REMMPFVKQG KKKEAVVSVA QN
//