ID   PRL_RAT                 Reviewed;         226 AA.
AC   P01237; P70520;
DT   21-JUL-1986, integrated into UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot.
DT   21-JUL-1986, sequence version 1.
DT   02-SEP-2026, entry version 172.
DE   RecName: Full=Prolactin;
DE            Short=PRL;
DE   Flags: Precursor;
GN   Name=Prl;
OS   Rattus norvegicus (Rat).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae;
OC   Murinae; Rattus.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=10116;
RN   [1]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=6283362; DOI=10.1038/297603a0;
RA   Cooke N.E., Baxter J.D.;
RT   "Structural analysis of the prolactin gene suggests a separate origin for
RT   its 5' end.";
RL   Nature 297:603-606(1982).
RN   [2]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [GENOMIC DNA].
RX   PubMed=6251061; DOI=10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43550-8;
RA   Gubbins E.J., Maurer R.A., Lagrimini M., Erwin C.R., Donelson J.E.;
RT   "Structure of the rat prolactin gene.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 255:8655-8662(1980).
RN   [3]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE [MRNA].
RX   PubMed=6993473; DOI=10.1016/s0021-9258(18)43768-4;
RA   Cooke N.E., Coit D.C., Weiner R.I., Baxter J.D., Martial J.A.;
RT   "Structure of cloned DNA complementary to rat prolactin messenger RNA.";
RL   J. Biol. Chem. 255:6502-6510(1980).
RN   [4]
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE.
RC   STRAIN=Wistar; TISSUE=Pituitary tumor;
RA   Shaw-Bruha C.M., Pennington K.L., Shull J.D.;
RL   Submitted (OCT-1997) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [5]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 1-29 (PRECURSOR PROTEIN).
RX   PubMed=728396; DOI=10.1021/bi00617a022;
RA   McKean D.J., Maurer R.A.;
RT   "Complete amino acid sequence of the precursor region of rat prolactin.";
RL   Biochemistry 17:5215-5219(1978).
RN   [6]
RP   PROTEIN SEQUENCE OF 30-226.
RX   PubMed=925136; DOI=10.1210/jcem-45-5-1112;
RA   Shome B., Parlow A.F.;
RT   "Human pituitary prolactin (hPRL): the entire linear amino acid sequence.";
RL   J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 45:1112-1115(1977).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Prolactin acts primarily on the mammary gland by promoting
CC       lactation.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Interacts with PRLR. {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01236}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the somatotropin/prolactin family.
CC       {ECO:0000305}.
CC   -!- SEQUENCE CAUTION:
CC       Sequence=Ref.6; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Differs at a number of positions and in the total number of residues.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};
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DR   EMBL; V01244; CAA24561.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; V01245; CAA24561.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; V01246; CAA24561.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; V01247; CAA24561.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; V01248; CAA24561.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; J00769; AAA41939.1; -; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; J00766; AAA41939.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; J00767; AAA41939.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; J00768; AAA41939.1; JOINED; Genomic_DNA.
DR   EMBL; V01249; CAA24562.1; -; mRNA.
DR   EMBL; AF022935; AAC78688.1; -; mRNA.
DR   PIR; A93279; LCRT.
DR   RefSeq; NP_036761.1; NM_012629.2.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; P01237; -.
DR   SMR; P01237; -.
DR   FunCoup; P01237; 66.
DR   STRING; 10116.ENSRNOP00000023412; -.
DR   iPTMnet; P01237; -.
DR   PhosphoSitePlus; P01237; -.
DR   PaxDb; 10116-ENSRNOP00000023412; -.
DR   GeneID; 24683; -.
DR   KEGG; rno:24683; -.
DR   UCSC; RGD:3403; rat.
DR   AGR; RGD:3403; -.
DR   CTD; 5617; -.
DR   RGD; 3403; Prl.
DR   VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSRNOG00000017374; -.
DR   eggNOG; ENOG502QYU3; Eukaryota.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_088274_0_1_1; -.
DR   InParanoid; P01237; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 64994at9989; -.
DR   PhylomeDB; P01237; -.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-1170546; Prolactin receptor signaling.
DR   Reactome; R-RNO-982772; Growth hormone receptor signaling.
DR   PRO; PR:P01237; -.
DR   Proteomes; UP000002494; Chromosome 17.
DR   Bgee; ENSRNOG00000017374; Expressed in Ammon's horn.
DR   GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IDA:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0030141; C:secretory granule; IDA:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0005179; F:hormone activity; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0005148; F:prolactin receptor binding; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0007166; P:cell surface receptor signaling pathway; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0071361; P:cellular response to ethanol; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0032870; P:cellular response to hormone stimulus; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0071456; P:cellular response to hypoxia; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0007623; P:circadian rhythm; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0007565; P:female pregnancy; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0010467; P:gene expression; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0007595; P:lactation; TAS:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0030879; P:mammary gland development; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0042711; P:maternal behavior; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0033555; P:multicellular organismal response to stress; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0001937; P:negative regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:1904077; P:negative regulation of estrogen biosynthetic process; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0010730; P:negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide biosynthetic process; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0045019; P:negative regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:2000183; P:negative regulation of progesterone biosynthetic process; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0042698; P:ovulation cycle; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0007567; P:parturition; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0043123; P:positive regulation of canonical NF-kappaB signal transduction; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0008284; P:positive regulation of cell population proliferation; IMP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0001938; P:positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0050679; P:positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation; IDA:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:1903489; P:positive regulation of lactation; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:1902895; P:positive regulation of miRNA transcription; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0046427; P:positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0010575; P:positive regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor production; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0038161; P:prolactin signaling pathway; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0030278; P:regulation of ossification; IMP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0046425; P:regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT; ISO:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0097305; P:response to alcohol; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0042220; P:response to cocaine; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0032355; P:response to estradiol; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0045471; P:response to ethanol; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0032496; P:response to lipopolysaccharide; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0036005; P:response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0007584; P:response to nutrient; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0031667; P:response to nutrient levels; IBA:GO_Central.
DR   GO; GO:0035983; P:response to trichostatin A; IEP:RGD.
DR   GO; GO:0009410; P:response to xenobiotic stimulus; IEP:RGD.
DR   CDD; cd10288; prolactin_like; 1.
DR   FunFam; 1.20.1250.10:FF:000003; Prolactin; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.20.1250.10; -; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR009079; 4_helix_cytokine-like_core.
DR   InterPro; IPR001400; Somatotropin/Prolactin.
DR   InterPro; IPR018116; Somatotropin_CS.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR11417:SF5; PROLACTIN; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR11417; SOMATOTROPIN,PROLACTIN; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00103; Hormone_1; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00836; SOMATOTROPIN.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF47266; 4-helical cytokines; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00266; SOMATOTROPIN_1; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00338; SOMATOTROPIN_2; 1.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   Direct protein sequencing; Disulfide bond; Hormone; Lactation;
KW   Phosphoprotein; Reference proteome; Secreted; Signal.
FT   SIGNAL          1..29
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000269|PubMed:728396,
FT                   ECO:0000269|PubMed:925136"
FT   CHAIN           30..226
FT                   /note="Prolactin"
FT                   /id="PRO_0000032925"
FT   MOD_RES         53
FT                   /note="Phosphoserine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01239"
FT   MOD_RES         117
FT                   /note="Phosphoserine"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P01239"
FT   DISULFID        33..38
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   DISULFID        85..201
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   DISULFID        218..226
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000250"
FT   CONFLICT        10
FT                   /note="Missing (in Ref. 2 and 3)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        162
FT                   /note="S -> G (in Ref. 2 and 3)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
FT   CONFLICT        163
FT                   /note="Q -> QE (in Ref. 1; CAA24561)"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000305"
SQ   SEQUENCE   226 AA;  25753 MW;  755E2874A26862C7 CRC64;
     MNSQVSARKA GTLLLLMMSN LLFCQNVQTL PVCSGGDCQT PLPELFDRVV MLSHYIHTLY
     TDMFIEFDKQ YVQDREFIAK AINDCPTSSL ATPEDKEQAQ KVPPEVLLNL ILSLVHSWND
     PLFQLITGLG GIHEAPDAII SRAKEIEEQN KRLLEGIEKI ISQAYPEAKG NEIYLVWSQL
     PSLQGVDEES KDLAFYNNIR CLRRDSHKVD NYLKFLRCQI VHKNNC
//