ID   A6XGL2_HUMAN            Unreviewed;        98 AA.
AC   A6XGL2;
DT   21-AUG-2007, integrated into UniProtKB/TrEMBL.
DT   21-AUG-2007, sequence version 1.
DT   02-SEP-2026, entry version 142.
DE   RecName: Full=Insulin {ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000406};
OS   Homo sapiens (Human).
OC   Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC   Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC   Homo.
OX   NCBI_TaxID=9606 {ECO:0000313|EMBL:ABI63346.1};
RN   [1] {ECO:0000313|EMBL:ABI63346.1}
RP   NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE.
RA   Yu Z., Zheng Z., Tang T., Fu Y.;
RT   "A computer system platform used to predict novel genes.";
RL   Submitted (JUN-2006) to the EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ databases.
RN   [2] {ECO:0007829|PDB:6PXV, ECO:0007829|PDB:6PXW}
RP   STRUCTURE BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (3.10 ANGSTROMS) OF 25-98, AND DISULFIDE
RP   BONDS.
RX   PubMed=31436533; DOI=10.7554/elife.48630;
RA   Uchikawa E., Choi E., Shang G., Yu H., Bai X.C.;
RT   "Activation mechanism of the insulin receptor revealed by cryo-EM structure
RT   of the fully liganded receptor-ligand complex.";
RL   Elife 8:e48630-e48630(2019).
CC   -!- FUNCTION: Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration. It increases
CC       cell permeability to monosaccharides, amino acids and fatty acids. It
CC       accelerates glycolysis, the pentose phosphate cycle, and glycogen
CC       synthesis in liver. {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00002985,
CC       ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000406}.
CC   -!- SUBUNIT: Heterodimer of a B chain and an A chain linked by two
CC       disulfide bonds. {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00011207,
CC       ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000406}.
CC   -!- SUBCELLULAR LOCATION: Secreted {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00004613,
CC       ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000406}.
CC   -!- SIMILARITY: Belongs to the insulin family.
CC       {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00009034, ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000406}.
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DR   EMBL; DQ778082; ABI63346.1; -; mRNA.
DR   PDB; 6PXV; EM; 3.20 A; D/E/F/G=25-98.
DR   PDB; 6PXW; EM; 3.10 A; C/D/E/F=25-98.
DR   AlphaFoldDB; A6XGL2; -.
DR   EMDB; EMD-20522; -.
DR   EMDB; EMD-20523; -.
DR   SMR; A6XGL2; -.
DR   Allergome; 2121; Hom s Insulin.
DR   ProteomicsDB; 1762; -.
DR   Antibodypedia; 56056; 3512 antibodies from 53 providers.
DR   UCSC; uc009ydg.2; human.
DR   OpenTargets; ENSG00000254647; -.
DR   VEuPathDB; HostDB:ENSG00000254647; -.
DR   GeneTree; ENSGT00390000015440; -.
DR   HOGENOM; CLU_140421_1_0_1; -.
DR   OrthoDB; 10019596at2759; -.
DR   Bgee; ENSG00000254647; Expressed in type B pancreatic cell and 92 other cell types or tissues.
DR   GO; GO:0005576; C:extracellular region; IEA:UniProtKB-SubCell.
DR   GO; GO:0005179; F:hormone activity; IEA:InterPro.
DR   GO; GO:1901701; P:cellular response to oxygen-containing compound; IEA:UniProtKB-ARBA.
DR   GO; GO:0006006; P:glucose metabolic process; IEA:UniProtKB-UniRule.
DR   CDD; cd04367; IlGF_insulin_like; 1.
DR   FunFam; 1.10.100.10:FF:000003; Insulin; 1.
DR   Gene3D; 1.10.100.10; Insulin-like; 1.
DR   InterPro; IPR022352; Ins/IGF/rlx.
DR   InterPro; IPR004825; Insulin.
DR   InterPro; IPR016179; Insulin-like.
DR   InterPro; IPR036438; Insulin-like_sf.
DR   InterPro; IPR022353; Insulin_CS.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR11454:SF9; INSULIN; 1.
DR   PANTHER; PTHR11454; INSULIN/INSULIN GROWTH FACTOR; 1.
DR   Pfam; PF00049; Insulin; 1.
DR   PRINTS; PR00277; INSULIN.
DR   PRINTS; PR00276; INSULINFAMLY.
DR   SMART; SM00078; IlGF; 1.
DR   SUPFAM; SSF56994; Insulin-like; 1.
DR   PROSITE; PS00262; INSULIN; 1.
DR   PDBsum; 6PXV; -.
DR   PDBsum; 6PXW; -.
PE   1: Evidence at protein level;
KW   3D-structure {ECO:0007829|PDB:6PXV, ECO:0007829|PDB:6PXW};
KW   Carbohydrate metabolism {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00023277,
KW   ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000406};
KW   Disulfide bond {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00023157};
KW   Glucose metabolism {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022526,
KW   ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000406};
KW   Hormone {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022702, ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000406};
KW   Secreted {ECO:0000256|ARBA:ARBA00022525, ECO:0000256|RuleBase:RU000406};
KW   Signal {ECO:0000256|SAM:SignalP}.
FT   SIGNAL          1..24
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:SignalP"
FT   CHAIN           25..98
FT                   /note="Insulin"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000256|SAM:SignalP"
FT                   /id="PRO_5014084004"
FT   DOMAIN          28..97
FT                   /note="Insulin-like"
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0000259|SMART:SM00078"
FT   DISULFID        31..84
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:6PXV, ECO:0007829|PDB:6PXW"
FT   DISULFID        43..97
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:6PXV, ECO:0007829|PDB:6PXW"
FT   DISULFID        83..88
FT                   /evidence="ECO:0007829|PDB:6PXV, ECO:0007829|PDB:6PXW"
SQ   SEQUENCE   98 AA;  10959 MW;  6DDEDC02ED1A9CB9 CRC64;
     MALWMRLLPL LALLALWGPD PAAAFVNQHL CGSHLVEALY LVCGERGFFY TPKTRREAED
     LQGSLQPLAL EGSLQKRGIV EQCCTSICSL YQLENYCN
//